Optical MaterialsPub Date : 2025-06-06DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117223
Arturo Ramirez , Lipi Patel , Andres Morin , Jesus Poblano , Rebecca Sipen , Chhandak Basu , Anna Bezryadina
{"title":"Linear and nonlinear optical properties of DNA in suspensions","authors":"Arturo Ramirez , Lipi Patel , Andres Morin , Jesus Poblano , Rebecca Sipen , Chhandak Basu , Anna Bezryadina","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has the potential to serve as inexpensive, functionalized photonic material. Previous research has mostly focused on dry DNA thin films; however, little is known regarding the properties and photonics applications of DNA solvents. This paper compares the linear and nonlinear optical properties of different sized DNA in suspensions. In particular, small plasmid DNA, long lambda DNA, and extra-long strawberry DNA were studied. The linear optical properties were evaluated in terms of UV–Vis spectrophotometry, and the nonlinear optical properties were investigated using the closed-open continuous wave Z-scan technique. In addition, the paper investigated DNA suspension survivability to prolonged exposure to a 532 nm green laser. The results showed DNA structural integrity after the 532 nm laser exposure and optical characteristics comparable to synthetic polymers, indicating that DNA suspensions could be a good optical material for photonic devices and optoelectronics applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 117223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical MaterialsPub Date : 2025-06-05DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117224
Daobin Zhu , Junshan Hu , Keyu Guo , Yuxiang Wu , Changchun Ding , Rangrang Fan , Tong Liu , Wei Jin , Yongtao Liu
{"title":"Enhancement upconversion luminescence of In2O3: Er3+, Yb3+ phosphors by Al3+ ions doping","authors":"Daobin Zhu , Junshan Hu , Keyu Guo , Yuxiang Wu , Changchun Ding , Rangrang Fan , Tong Liu , Wei Jin , Yongtao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>: 4 % Er<sup>3+</sup>, 10 % Yb<sup>3+</sup>, <em>x</em> % Al<sup>3+</sup> (<em>x</em> = 0, 1, 2, 5) phosphor were prepared by high temperature solid phase method. At 980 nm laser excitation, the emission peaks near 552 nm and 661 nm correspond to the <sup>4</sup>S<sub>3/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub> and <sup>4</sup>F<sub>9/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub> transitions of the Er<sup>3+</sup> ion. With the doping of Al<sup>3+</sup> ions, the luminescence intensity of the phosphor increased significantly. In addition, the upconversion luminescence intensity is the highest when 2 % Al<sup>3+</sup> ions are doped. The mechanism of upconversion luminescence was investigated by power dependence, UV–Vis–NIR absorption spectrum, photoluminescence excitation spectrum and down-conversion luminescence spectrum. In addition, the temperature sensing of phosphor in the temperature range of 298 K–598 K was studied by fluorescence intensity ratio technique. The phosphors showed maximum absolute and relative sensitivity of 0.067 K<sup>-1</sup> and 1.13 % K<sup>−1</sup>, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 117224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical MaterialsPub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117219
Shweta Chahal , Boyu Xiao , Jessica Grant , David Furniss , Mark Farries , Sendy Phang , Nigel Neate , Lorelei Robertson , Martin Roe , Emma Barney , Angela B. Seddon
{"title":"Ce3+-doped chalcogenide glass fibre for laser beyond 4 microns wavelength: Glass material-integrity","authors":"Shweta Chahal , Boyu Xiao , Jessica Grant , David Furniss , Mark Farries , Sendy Phang , Nigel Neate , Lorelei Robertson , Martin Roe , Emma Barney , Angela B. Seddon","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 4-μm wavelength barrier encountered for mid-infrared fibre lasing based on heavy metal fluoride glasses has been overcome. We reported, in 2021, the first continuous wave, mid-infrared fibre laser operating beyond 4 μm at room temperature in a fibre with a Ce<sup>3+</sup>-doped selenide-chalcogenide core. Defects, such as crystallites in the core glass, could cause unwanted light-scattering, diminishing fibre laser efficiency. It is important to identify such optical loss mechanisms and eradicate them. Here, we report on investigating the material nano-structure of a chalcogenide-glass lasing fibre which exhibits 7 mW laser power output; the fibre has a Ce<sup>3+</sup>-doped core (8.5 μm diameter), concentrically surrounded by an inner- and outer-cladding, where both cladding-glasses are nominally the same composition. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction show that the core, inner-cladding and outer-cladding of the lasing fibre are internally nano-crystallite-free and amorphous. However, the external outer surface of the last 10 m of fibre drawn, of the total 100 m, contains monoclinic GeSe<sub>2</sub> crystallites adjacent to discrete, small (<0.5 mm) wrinkled defects. The final length of fibre is drawn from the final part of the glass fibreoptic preform. The glass preform has as its outermost component an extruded chalcogenide glass tube. It is the last part of the tube which spends the longest time at high temperature inside the extruder during tube manufacture, encouraging heterogeneous nucleation at the tube outer-surface in contact with the extruder. These heterogeneous nuclei subsequently nucleate crystal growth during fibre-drawing in the outermost fibre surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 117219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical MaterialsPub Date : 2025-06-03DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117221
Jiaqi Zhao, Hong Wang, Ruiyang Wang, Qingyun Liu, Yao Fu, Mingming Xing, Ying Tian
{"title":"Thermal-enhanced upconversion luminescence and optical temperature sensing properties based on the Stark sublevels of Er3+ ion in CaGdGaO4:Yb3+,Er3+","authors":"Jiaqi Zhao, Hong Wang, Ruiyang Wang, Qingyun Liu, Yao Fu, Mingming Xing, Ying Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate optical thermometry with thermally enhanced fluorescence is urgently desired for non-invasive and high sensitivity temperature determination in high temperature operating environment. Here we explore thermally enhanced upconversion luminescence (UCL) and thermal sensing properties of Er<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup> doped CaGdGaO<sub>4</sub> (CGGO) phosphors under near-infrared excitation. The UCL spectra exhibit multiple sharp peaks from <sup>2</sup>H<sub>11/2</sub>, <sup>4</sup>S<sub>3/2</sub>, and <sup>4</sup>F<sub>9/2</sub> levels of Er<sup>3+</sup> ions, arising from the electronic transitions between crystal-field Stark sublevels. The emission color of samples is tuned from green to red successfully by introducing Yb<sup>3+</sup> dopants and adjusting different excitation wavelengths. The UCL intensity is greatly enhanced with the increase of temperature, which benefits from the thermally enhanced phonon-assisted effect. By using the fluorescence intensity ratio technique, temperature sensing performances are evaluated based on thermally coupled energy levels (TCELs) involving Stark sublevels of Er<sup>3+</sup> over a wide temperature range of 303–573 K. The maximum relative sensitivity of <sup>2</sup>H<sub>11/2(1)</sub> and <sup>4</sup>S<sub>3/2(2)</sub> levels reaches up to 1.55 % K<sup>−1</sup> at 303 K, which is higher than that of the traditional TCELs of <sup>2</sup>H<sub>11/2</sub>/<sup>4</sup>S<sub>3/2</sub>. The optical thermometer CGGO:Er<sup>3+</sup>,Yb<sup>3+</sup> shows a high repeatability of 99 % and minimum temperature resolution of 0.28 K. Our findings demonstrate that CGGO:Yb<sup>3+</sup>,Er<sup>3+</sup> phosphors with thermal enhancement UCL can be used as candidates for non-contact and high sensitivity optical thermometry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 117221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical MaterialsPub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117218
Madhushree R, Kalathiparambil Rajendra Pai Sunajadevi, Dephan Pinheiro
{"title":"Cr2C MXene quantum dots for selective detection of mercury ions","authors":"Madhushree R, Kalathiparambil Rajendra Pai Sunajadevi, Dephan Pinheiro","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mercury (Hg), a highly toxic environmental contaminant that presents significant ecological and health risks, even at low concentrations. There is an urgent need for precise and sensitive methods for detecting Hg<sup>2+</sup> ions in the environment. In recent years, a new class of 2D layered materials, MXene, has gained enormous attention due to their unique properties, such as high surface area, oxidation resistance, thermal and chemical stability, electrical and thermal conductivity. This study presents the synthesis and characterization of Cr<sub>2</sub>C MXene quantum dots (MQDs) derived from Cr<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub> nanolayered MXene sheets via the probe-sonication method. The Cr<sub>2</sub>C-MQDs were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS mapping, and Zeta potential analysis. The vibrant green fluorescence material, Cr<sub>2</sub>C-MQDs, was investigated for Hg<sup>2+</sup> detection, which exhibited high selectivity and stability with a limit of detection of 30.7 nM. The sensing mechanism is attributed to the strong affinity of Cr<sub>2</sub>C MXene quantum dots for Hg<sup>2+</sup> ions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 117218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation on the highly fluorescent IRMOF-3/thiol-ene polymer and its ligand-based composite with 76 % quantum yield","authors":"Pei Zhang , Mengmeng Li , Yibo Zheng , Linjiao Ren , Zirui Qin , Qingfang Zhang , Rubin Qi , Jitao Zhang , Liying Jiang , Dongke Li","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The isoreticular metal organic frameworks-3 (IRMOF-3)/non-stoichiometric thiol-ene (OSTE) and 2-aminoterephthalic acid (BDC-NH<sub>2</sub>)/OSTE composites were synthesized via a photo-induced click reaction. Interestingly, through polymerization with OSTE, both the fluorescence lifetime and intensity of IRMOF-3 increased. Moreover, its two lifetimes merged into one, which could be ascribed to the inhibition of the dynamic non-radiative quenching process by the OSTE network. In contrast, the ligand maintained a single lifetime with only minor changes. The dilution effect of the thiol-ene mixed solution could effectively reduce the static photo-induced electron transfer process between the ligand and toluene molecules. After the post-synthetic polymerization (PSP) treatment, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of IRMOF-3 was increased from 7.2 % (in toluene) to 42.3 %, and that of the pure BDC-NH<sub>2</sub> ligand was significantly enhanced from 1.8 % (in toluene) to 76.0 %. Moreover, when a commercially available 370-nm light-emitting diode (LED) chip was individually encapsulated by the two composites, it could emit intense indigo light. This rapid PSP treatment via the OSTE polymer holds promise for application in other excellent luminescent MOFs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 117222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical MaterialsPub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117220
Hua Xu , Lijun Xu , Ziliang Zhu , Qingtang Xu , Jingyao Lu , Shijia Sun
{"title":"Spectral characteristics of Nd3+/Yb3+:LuPO4 crystal applied to multi-wavelength emission in 1.0 μm","authors":"Hua Xu , Lijun Xu , Ziliang Zhu , Qingtang Xu , Jingyao Lu , Shijia Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploring new gain media for near-infrared multi-wavelength lasers remains a current research hotspot. In this paper, 0.8 at.% Nd<sup>3+</sup> co-doped 0.2 at.% Yb<sup>3+</sup>:LuPO<sub>4</sub> (Nd/Yb:LuPO<sub>4</sub>) single crystal was prepared for the first time by high-temperature solution method. The corresponding crystal structures, spectroscopic properties and energy transfer mechanism are analyzed in detail. The absorption FWHM near 803 nm were determined to be 9 nm and 10 nm, respectively, indicating that the Nd/Yb:LuPO<sub>4</sub> crystal is quite suitable for commercial AlGaAs laser diode pumping. The emission spectral parameters of Nd<sup>3+</sup> and Yb<sup>3+</sup> ions in the grown crystal were calculated by RM and F-L methods. And the energy transfer process between the <sup>4</sup>F<sub>3/2</sub> level of Nd<sup>3+</sup> and <sup>2</sup>F<sub>5/2</sub> level of Yb<sup>3+</sup> was discussed. The co-doping of Yb<sup>3+</sup> and Nd<sup>3+</sup> ions successfully achieved the characteristics of multi-wavelength emission, which indicates that Nd/Yb:LuPO<sub>4</sub> crystal is a potential candidate for multi-wavelength laser applicable in the 1.0 μm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 117220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical MaterialsPub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117217
Saman Q. Mawlud
{"title":"Investigation of new potential erbium/promethium Co-doped aluminum tellurite glass in active optical materials","authors":"Saman Q. Mawlud","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The possibility of using trivalent erbium/promethium as the active ion in tellurite glass was achieved. Tellurite glass doped with ZnO–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–Pm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> synthesized by the melt-quenching technique. Glasses with varying Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> doped concentrations have been produced in the temperature range of 900 °C. The glassy nature of the synthesized samples is verified by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. Furthermore, to study the synthesized glasses' spectroscopic properties, the absorption spectra are recorded in the range of 200 nm–1800 nm. The spectroscopic properties of the Er<sup>3+</sup>/Pm<sup>3+</sup> co-doped ions were measured by the Judd-Ofelt theory. The maximum calculated values of Ω<sub>λ</sub> (λ = 2,4,6) are 6.5712, 2.29534 and 2.91274 for TZEAP2 glasses. The highest value of spectroscopic quality factor 1.3921 is obtained for the sample TZEAP1. The Judd Ofelt parameter for all the prepared glass samples are follows the trends Ω<sub>2</sub>>Ω<sub>4</sub>< Ω<sub>6</sub>. Three emission bands were detected in the visible region for the Er<sup>3+</sup>/Pm<sup>3+</sup> ions doped to tellurite glass under the excitation of at 375 nm. These bands were at approximately around 470 nm, 500 nm and 550 nm from <sup>2</sup>F<sub>5/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub>, <sup>2</sup>H<sub>11/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub> and <sup>4</sup>S<sub>3/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub> radiative transition, respectively. The highest measured cross sections for the green visible transitions <sup>4</sup>S<sub>3/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub> are 1.05X10<sup>−20</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>. The radiative lifetime is also calculated for different Er<sup>3+</sup> concentrations. The radiative lifetime of the <sup>4</sup>S<sub>3/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub> transition increased with an increase in the Er<sup>3+</sup> concentration. A single exponential decay with a maximum lifetime of 1.71396 msec is detected for the TZEAP4 samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 117217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of temperature on magneto-optical properties of high terbium fluoro-oxide glass","authors":"Xiaoxiao Han, Wenpei Hu, Xiaoxin Zheng, Shuo Liu, Jing Ren, Jianzhong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The temperature dependence of paramagnetic magneto-optical glasses is a key factor limiting their practical applications, however, the mechanism has remained to be identified. This work primarily investigates the temperature characteristics of our most-recently designed rare earth magneto-optical glasses with a large Verdet constant. Experimental results reveal that the Verdet constant of rare earth magneto-optical glass decreases with rising temperature, e.g., it decreases by 45 % as the temperature increases from 25 °C to 400 °C. It is also found that variations in the rare earth ion concentration significantly affect the material's temperature dependence properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 117215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical MaterialsPub Date : 2025-05-30DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117209
Rui Wu, Yulin Wang, Xi Song, Hairan Zhang
{"title":"Fabrication of Fe3O4/HAP/Ag as surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate for detection of antibiotic residues in fish and aquatic ecosystems","authors":"Rui Wu, Yulin Wang, Xi Song, Hairan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotic residues in food and environment pose a serious threat to human's health and ecological system. Therefore, it is crucial and urgent challenge to fabricate Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrate with high sensitivity to detect pesticide residues. A multifunctional three-layer Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/HAP/Ag nanoparticle system was fabricated as an active SERS substrate. The active substrate was characterized by comprehensive techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), mapping, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The FHA was not only employed to detect ciprofloxacin (CIP) solution by SERS but also it was successfully applied for detection of CIP in fish body. It showed excellent linear relationship in the range of 1.0 × 10<sup>−8</sup>- 1.0 × 10<sup>−3</sup> mol/L for CIP, with low limit of detection (7.5 × 10<sup>−9</sup> mol/L), satisfactory enhancement factor, stability, and repeatability. A novel approach for detecting analyte in animal's body based on SERS was developed. It could be potential candidate to rapid detection of analyte for animal and it will open new perspective in application of SERS in vivo.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 117209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}