Controlled copolymerization rate of 3-(4-fluorophenyl) thiophene monomer and EDOT for tunable multicolor electrochromic materials with excellent cycling stability

IF 4.2 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI:10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117558

Sijia Wang , Pengju Wang , Zhaodi Lu , Yuanxu Rao , Ying Zhang , Anhang Zhou , Ruihui Peng , Xuyang Zhang , Nana Liu , Bo Wang , Guohua Wu

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Abstract

Electrochromic materials featuring precisely controllable and tunable multicolor characteristics have generated widespread interest for a range of practical applications, owing to their adaptable functionality (e.g. smart windows, wearable electronics). Development of the electrochromic materials combining a diverse color gamut with high operational stability is still a major challenge. During electrochemical copolymerization, the rate of copolymerization was adjusted by altering the copolymerization ratios of the two monomers (3-(4-fluorophenyl) thiophene (FBTH) and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT)), which in turn achieves a tunable multicolor. By adjusting the monomer copolymerization rate the copolymer films were prepared that displayed deep red, purplish red, bluish purple, blue, and dark blue in the neutral state, and all of them changed to light green or light blue after applying oxidation voltage. In addition, the variation of electrochemical and electrochromic properties of the copolymer film with the copolymerization rate of the FBTH and EDOT has been thoroughly investigated, and electrochromic materials with excellent overall performance have been obtained. The cycling stability of the polymer films was significantly improved by copolymerizing FBTH with a small percentage of EDOT (from 84 % after 50 cycles for FBTH-0 to 97 % after 500 cycles for FBTH-3). This study provides a feasible strategy for the preparation of tunable multicolor stabilized electrochromic materials for various electrochemical devices.

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3-（4-氟苯基）噻吩单体与EDOT可调多色电致变色材料共聚速率控制，循环稳定性好

电致变色材料具有精确可控和可调谐的多色特性，由于其适应性功能（例如智能窗户，可穿戴电子产品），已在一系列实际应用中引起了广泛的兴趣。开发结合多种色域和高操作稳定性的电致变色材料仍然是一个主要挑战。在电化学共聚过程中，通过改变两种单体（3-（4-氟苯基）噻吩（FBTH）和3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩（EDOT））的共聚比例来调节共聚速率，从而实现可调的多色。通过调节单体共聚速率制备的共聚物膜在中性状态下呈现深红色、紫红色、蓝紫色、蓝色和深蓝色，施加氧化电压后均变为浅绿色或浅蓝色。此外，深入研究了FBTH和EDOT共聚速率对共聚物膜的电化学和电致变色性能的影响，得到了综合性能优异的电致变色材料。FBTH与少量EDOT共聚后，聚合物膜的循环稳定性显著提高（FBTH-0循环50次后为84%，FBTH-3循环500次后为97%）。本研究为制备适用于各种电化学器件的可调谐多色稳定电致变色材料提供了可行的策略。

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来源期刊

Optical Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.60

自引率

12.80%

发文量

1265

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Optical Materials has an open access mirror journal Optical Materials: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. The purpose of Optical Materials is to provide a means of communication and technology transfer between researchers who are interested in materials for potential device applications. The journal publishes original papers and review articles on the design, synthesis, characterisation and applications of optical materials. OPTICAL MATERIALS focuses on: • Optical Properties of Material Systems; • The Materials Aspects of Optical Phenomena; • The Materials Aspects of Devices and Applications. Authors can submit separate research elements describing their data to Data in Brief and methods to Methods X.