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High-efficiency rectangular transverse air-gap metalens for visible light based on a dual-coupled PB phase.
IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics letters Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1364/OL.549532
Kaiwei Zhang, Haifei Lu, Min Li, Xiaoyan Wen, Mingyu Li, Shuo Deng, Sisi Liu, Hongyun Gao
{"title":"High-efficiency rectangular transverse air-gap metalens for visible light based on a dual-coupled PB phase.","authors":"Kaiwei Zhang, Haifei Lu, Min Li, Xiaoyan Wen, Mingyu Li, Shuo Deng, Sisi Liu, Hongyun Gao","doi":"10.1364/OL.549532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.549532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase modulation leverages the precise linear correspondence between output phase and nanopillar rotation angle, enabling wide application in modulating focal spherical waves. However, the intrinsic material absorption of waveguide structure inevitably brings energy loss within the visible light spectral range, severely limiting focusing efficiency over broad bandwidths under general models of nanopillars. Here, we introduce a dual-coupled metalens composed of an air slot-etched rectangular TiO<sub>2</sub> nanopillar, and the extremely narrow air gap along its long axis of nanopillar can be regarded as a high-aspect-ratio rectangular waveguide for strictly confining the incident light. In the visible spectrum of 440∼670 nm, the optical performance of the dual-coupled metalens is tested at the numerical apertures (NAs) of 0.35, 0.44, 0.6, and 0.82. Simulation results indicate that the structure not only meets the basic requirements of PB phase control, but also exhibits ultra-low loss and ultrahigh focusing efficiency. The novel, to the best of our knowledge, structure proposed in this work provides new design inspiration for general phase modulations and efficient micro-optical devices including wide-spectral metalens.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 6","pages":"2101-2104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Low complexity exponential pruning learned digital back-propagation method for fiber nonlinearity mitigation.
IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics letters Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1364/OL.555981
Lyu Li, Zekun Niu, Hang Yang, Junzhe Xiao, Guozhi Xu, Weisheng Hu, Lilin Yi
{"title":"Low complexity exponential pruning learned digital back-propagation method for fiber nonlinearity mitigation.","authors":"Lyu Li, Zekun Niu, Hang Yang, Junzhe Xiao, Guozhi Xu, Weisheng Hu, Lilin Yi","doi":"10.1364/OL.555981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.555981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Learned digital back-propagation (LDBP) is emerging as a promising solution to mitigate the nonlinear fiber distortions that limit the capacity of optical communications. However, the computational complexity of LDBP, which is affected by dispersion compensation, will increase significantly as optical communications move toward higher baud rates and longer transmission distances. Herein, we propose what we believe to be a novel method called exponential pruning LDBP (EP-LDBP), which is achieved by pruning the redundant LDBP taps with adjustable parameters. Experimental results show that EP-LDBP achieves a 61.5% reduction in computational complexity compared to LDBP in frequency domain without sacrificing compensation performance in a 21-channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission over 1600 km fiber using 60 Gbaud 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM). Furthermore, our analysis of EP-LDBP under varying baud rates (30-60 G) and transmission distances (400-1600 km) demonstrates its superior potential in reducing complexity, thus aligning more effectively with the evolving landscape of optical fiber communications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 6","pages":"1893-1896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lateral terahertz emission from shaped plasma excited by colliding laser pulses.
IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics letters Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1364/OL.553691
Chenyin Dai, Yuxuan Chen, Xiangyu La, Zhen Tian, Jianming Dai
{"title":"Lateral terahertz emission from shaped plasma excited by colliding laser pulses.","authors":"Chenyin Dai, Yuxuan Chen, Xiangyu La, Zhen Tian, Jianming Dai","doi":"10.1364/OL.553691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.553691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasma-based terahertz (THz) sources are generally limited by a saturation effect and consequent optical-THz conversion efficiency. Extending plasma volume is an effective approach to mitigate the saturation effect and increase THz generation efficiency. By reshaping gas plasma using two pairs of cylindrical lens to focus two counter-propagating laser pulses, we demonstrate enhanced broadband coherent THz radiation through the interaction of colliding laser pulses with gas plasma. The use of the cylindrical lens pairs changes the plasma shape to mitigate the THz saturation and increase the THz generation efficiency. The peak THz amplitude generated by cylindrical lens pairs is more than twice of that by spherical lenses. This method provides an important option for the development of promising terahertz sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 6","pages":"1933-1936"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Long-wave infrared upconversion detection based on a ZnGeP2 crystal. 基于 ZnGeP2 晶体的长波红外上转换探测。
IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics letters Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1364/OL.555362
Pengxiang Liu, Xu Guo, Liyuan Guo, Feng Qi, Zuotao Lei, Qiaoqiao Fu, Wei Li, Weifan Li
{"title":"Long-wave infrared upconversion detection based on a ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> crystal.","authors":"Pengxiang Liu, Xu Guo, Liyuan Guo, Feng Qi, Zuotao Lei, Qiaoqiao Fu, Wei Li, Weifan Li","doi":"10.1364/OL.555362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.555362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Longwave infrared (LWIR) detection is achieved through nonlinear upconversion with a ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> crystal. The target LWIR light interacts efficiently with a 1.06 μm probe laser, converting into a near-infrared signal. This detection configuration offers the following advantages: a broad response wavelength band of 9.69-12.38 μm and a high optical-to-optical responsivity of 150-200%, attributed to the enhanced properties of a custom-fabricated ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> crystal. Theoretical interpretations of these experimental outcomes are based on coupled-wave equations. At room temperature, the system achieves a minimal detectable energy in the sub-fJ (ns pulses) range. It has the potential for wide-field imaging when designed as noncritical phase matching, owing to its large acceptance angle.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 6","pages":"1861-1864"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
THz-driven electron manipulation via non-velocity-matched interaction in dielectric-loaded waveguides.
IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics letters Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1364/OL.547993
Xie He, Jiaqi Zheng, Kunlei Li, Dace Su, Dongfang Zhang
{"title":"THz-driven electron manipulation via non-velocity-matched interaction in dielectric-loaded waveguides.","authors":"Xie He, Jiaqi Zheng, Kunlei Li, Dace Su, Dongfang Zhang","doi":"10.1364/OL.547993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.547993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multi-cycle THz-driven electron compression and focusing in dielectric-loaded waveguides (DLWs) offer a compact solution for precise ultrafast electron beam control. However, practical implementation often suffers from dephasing effects due to fabrication tolerances. Here, we investigate the dynamics of electron beam control in the non-velocity-matched interactions between electron beams and THz waves within the DLWs, revealing the relationship between velocity mismatch and the THz energy required for effective electron manipulation. Moreover, we propose a method for achieving cascaded electron compression and focusing within a single DLW by matching the electron beam to different phase components of the THz wave. This adaptable strategy could significantly broaden the applications of THz-driven devices in generating high-quality ultrafast electron sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 6","pages":"2017-2020"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vertical-short-cavity laser with a guided-mode-resonance external mirror.
IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics letters Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1364/OL.551189
Akari Watanabe, Shunsuke Teranishi, Keisuke Ozawa, Hongxu Chen, Junichi Inoue, Kenzo Nishio, Kenji Kintaka, Shogo Ura
{"title":"Vertical-short-cavity laser with a guided-mode-resonance external mirror.","authors":"Akari Watanabe, Shunsuke Teranishi, Keisuke Ozawa, Hongxu Chen, Junichi Inoue, Kenzo Nishio, Kenji Kintaka, Shogo Ura","doi":"10.1364/OL.551189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.551189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A cavity-resonator-integrated guided-mode resonance mirror (CRIGM) shows a narrowband reflection-phase variation. Laser oscillation of a vertical-external-short-cavity laser consisting of a CRIGM and a gain mirror was demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The oscillation wavelength stayed at around 1045 nm even when an air-gap length between the GRIGM and the gain mirror was varied by 0.35 μm. The dependence of an oscillation wavelength on the air-gap length was reduced by one order of magnitude in comparison to a case using a multilayer mirror instead of the CRIGM. This wavelength insensitivity expands positioning tolerance in fabrication and in operation to be suitable for surface-mounting a vertical-cavity laser on a photonic integrated circuit.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 6","pages":"1917-1920"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multiple equilibrium states in pure-quartic soliton molecules.
IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics letters Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1364/OL.551963
Zhixiang Deng, Rui Ma, Chunxiang Zhang, Zhenhong Wang, Dianyuan Fan, Jun Liu
{"title":"Multiple equilibrium states in pure-quartic soliton molecules.","authors":"Zhixiang Deng, Rui Ma, Chunxiang Zhang, Zhenhong Wang, Dianyuan Fan, Jun Liu","doi":"10.1364/OL.551963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.551963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this Letter, we demonstrate the existence of multiple equilibrium states in pure-quartic soliton (PQS) molecules. A discrete sequence of equilibrium separations alternating between stable and unstable states is theoretically predicted and numerically identified in the PQS doublet and triplet states. Furthermore, a systematic family tree of stable bound PQSs is constructed to facilitate the understanding of a hierarchical structure of stationary PQS molecules, thus allowing for the on-demand mixture of arbitrary orders of equilibrium separations and relative phase (in- or anti-phase) between adjacent PQSs. As typical examples, stable evolutions of the constructed four- and five-PQS molecules over distances are validated by the numerical simulations. These results can broaden the fundamental understanding of the interaction between PQSs and the intrinsic dynamics of PQS molecules, which also provides an avenue to manipulate the optical soliton compounds (macromolecules, crystals, etc.) in nonlinear optics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 6","pages":"1857-1860"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
1.536-Tb/s CPRI-equivalent rate IFoF mobile fronthaul over a 10 km SSMF with time skew-enabled VSB.
IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics letters Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1364/OL.546719
Xiansong Fang, Yixiao Zhu, Xiang Cai, Jiayu Zheng, Weisheng Hu, Fan Zhang
{"title":"1.536-Tb/s CPRI-equivalent rate IFoF mobile fronthaul over a 10 km SSMF with time skew-enabled VSB.","authors":"Xiansong Fang, Yixiao Zhu, Xiang Cai, Jiayu Zheng, Weisheng Hu, Fan Zhang","doi":"10.1364/OL.546719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.546719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fronthaul plays a crucial role in bridging mobile and optical communications. Conventional digital radio-over-fiber (RoF) systems, utilizing the common public radio interface (CPRI), require a capacity exceeding an order of magnitude above the user data rate, posing challenges for dense small cell deployments and the growing bandwidth demands of 6 G and beyond. Intermediate-frequency-over-fiber (IFoF) with intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) presents a promising alternative due to its high spectral efficiency and simpler architecture. However, traditional IM/DD systems are susceptible to fiber chromatic dispersion, limiting their application in fronthaul. In this Letter, we utilize a time skew-enabled vestigial sideband (VSB) technique to overcome power fading caused by chromatic dispersion in direct detection-based IFoF mobile fronthaul. We experimentally demonstrate hardware-efficient and high-capacity transmission of 1.536-Tb/s CPRI-equivalent rate with 128-QAM signal over a 10-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF).</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 6","pages":"1849-1852"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cascaded Ω-shaped fiber-optic-based LSPR coated with hybridized nanolayers for refractive index and temperature simultaneous measurement.
IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics letters Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1364/OL.557360
Mingyue Li, Binbin Lu, Kun Xu, Chuanxin Teng, Meiling He, Jianxiong Dai, Yixiang Duan, Zewei Luo
{"title":"Cascaded Ω-shaped fiber-optic-based LSPR coated with hybridized nanolayers for refractive index and temperature simultaneous measurement.","authors":"Mingyue Li, Binbin Lu, Kun Xu, Chuanxin Teng, Meiling He, Jianxiong Dai, Yixiang Duan, Zewei Luo","doi":"10.1364/OL.557360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.557360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is important to monitor refractive index (RI) and temperature (T) simultaneously for photo-thermal therapy (PTT) in the blood circulation system. However, the fluctuation of T sways the RI response owing to high cross-sensitivity. To address the issue, a fiber-optic-based localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor with a cascaded structure of a single-mode fiber-multimode fiber-single-mode fiber (SMF-MMF-SMF) is presented for synchronous measurement of RI and T. This detection principle is founded on the synergistic effects of the Mach-Zehnder interference (MZI) and LSPR. The cascaded structure was fabricated to inspire MZI, while LSPR was excited by gold nanoparticles/polydopamine (AuNPs/PDA) deposited on the fiber surface. The MZI and LSPR spectra were extracted and reconstructed using spectrum transformation and filtering techniques to sort the original spectra. The sensor achieved simultaneous detection of RI and T with a sensitivity of 3.58 (a.u.)/RIU and -0.0011 (a.u.)/°C, respectively. Additionally, the MZI signals near the LSPR wavelength in the absorption spectra are used to replace the extracted LSPR signal. Compared with the LSPR signal, the MZI signal exhibited over 30 times enhancement on the figure of merit (FOM) value due to its narrow full width at half maxima (FWHM). The sensor provided a novel strategy for synchronous measurement of RI and T, making it a promising alternative for <i>in vivo</i> photo-thermal therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 6","pages":"1803-1806"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Precision analysis of ToF LiDAR in atmospheric turbulence channels.
IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics letters Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1364/OL.554208
Tianzhu Zhang, Zhongji Yan, Anning Pang, Anhong Dang
{"title":"Precision analysis of ToF LiDAR in atmospheric turbulence channels.","authors":"Tianzhu Zhang, Zhongji Yan, Anning Pang, Anhong Dang","doi":"10.1364/OL.554208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.554208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper derives and verifies the ranging precision of time-of-flight (ToF) light detection and ranging (LiDAR) in atmospheric turbulence channels. Double-passage atmospheric turbulence channels satisfying the Gamma-Gamma distribution are simulated in the laboratory using a random phase screen, and the derived Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) for LiDAR ranging in Gamma-Gamma channels are verified by the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and experiment. The CRLBs demonstrate that the precision values at Rytov variances of 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 are 1.45, 2.07, and 2.91 times those at a Rytov variance of zero for the ToF LiDAR, respectively. Consequently, this paper provides a theoretical foundation for the deployment of high-precision LiDAR applications in turbulent channels.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 6","pages":"2077-2080"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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