Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.559532
Xinxuan Ma, Yuhang Wan, Zheng Zheng
{"title":"Compact and low-loss inline optical power monitor with an MMI-based Ge/Si hybrid waveguide.","authors":"Xinxuan Ma, Yuhang Wan, Zheng Zheng","doi":"10.1364/OL.559532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.559532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the scale and complexity of silicon photonic chips increase rapidly, driven by demand as well as the maturity of large-scale photonic integration technologies, optical power monitors (OPMs) with a small footprint and insertion loss are demanded. Here, a compact and low-loss inline power monitor is proposed and demonstrated with a direct-through waveguide consisting of a short Ge layer over a silicon multimode interference (MMI) segment where the optical field is relatively weak. Therefore, only a small fraction of light would be absorbed to monitor the incident power, with little influence on the through light. Our analysis shows that with proper design of the dimensions of the MMI segment, a Ge layer large enough for the foundry's design rules can be accommodated. With further optimization of the MMI's shape using a constrained particle swarm algorithm, a fabricated device sample by standard CMOS processes exhibits an insertion loss of ∼ 0.4 dB and a responsivity of 15 mA/W at 1550 nm. Its compact footprint of 14.5 × 10 μm could enable high-density integration in large optical networks-on-chip.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4438-4441"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.563679
I I Stepanov, O V Borovkova, N A Gippius, S A Dyakov, D A Chermoshentsev
{"title":"Dyakonov surface waveguide modes in ring resonators.","authors":"I I Stepanov, O V Borovkova, N A Gippius, S A Dyakov, D A Chermoshentsev","doi":"10.1364/OL.563679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.563679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We theoretically predict and numerically simulate the existence of Dyakonov surface waveguide modes (DSWMs) at the interface between two anisotropic uniaxial ring resonators. The spectral and polarization properties of DSWM for different values of ring radius are explored. In addition, we consider a structure in which a gap made of anisotropic material is added between two ring structures. It was revealed that the gap size strongly affects both chirality density and the degree of circular polarization of the modes. Due to this, interfacial ring resonators have potential in chiral molecular polaritonics as a platform for optical sensing of chiral organic molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4430-4433"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.562133
Qingwen Zhang, Yan Yang, Xinyu Zhang, Shuguo Xie
{"title":"Frequency super-resolution time-frequency analysis method in the optical downconversion E-field measurement system.","authors":"Qingwen Zhang, Yan Yang, Xinyu Zhang, Shuguo Xie","doi":"10.1364/OL.562133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.562133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because of the challenges of an electromagnetic space with vast information, rapid dynamics, and wide bandwidth, the optical downconversion E-field measurement system can be used for reducing measurement time and enhancing signal reception by downconverting signals to a narrowband. However, the narrowband compression often causes spectral aliasing, hindering the effective extraction of parameters as traditional separation methods fail to work with aliased signals. In order to address the above issues, we propose a frequency super-resolution time-frequency analysis method (FSR-TFAM) for downconversion of aliased signals based on eigenvalue decomposition. On the one hand, dense signals in the frequency domain are expanded with time to realize the sparsity of the dense spectra and retain the signal parameters to the greatest extent. On the other hand, the method of separating signals from the noise subspace according to their eigenvalues is adopted to solve the problem of time-frequency contradiction in the traditional time-frequency analysis. Also, under the condition of limited sampling length, this method can read the frequency information of the downconversion signal with high precision, which greatly improves the measurement accuracy of the system. In single-tone signal simulations, the proposed method could reduce the mean frequency error by 98.08% compared to short-time Fourier transform (STFT).</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4198-4201"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.565432
Z Pi, A B Enders, D Vaso, E Goulielmakis
{"title":"One-stage hollow-core fiber-based compression of Yb:KGW lasers to the single-cycle regime.","authors":"Z Pi, A B Enders, D Vaso, E Goulielmakis","doi":"10.1364/OL.565432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.565432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The generation of intense, waveform-controlled, single-cycle pulses based on Yb:KGW amplifiers is central to integrating these lasers with attosecond metrology and spectroscopy. Here, we demonstrate single-stage, multi-octave (∼ 2.4 octaves) spectral broadening of Yb:KGW amplified pulses in a neon-pressurized hollow-core fiber (HCF) capillary and their compression to the single-cycle regime (1.1 cycles at 880 nm) using chirped mirrors. Utilizing homochromatic attosecond streaking (HAS), we characterize the field waveforms of the generated pulses and demonstrate precise control of their carrier-envelope phase (CEP). Our results provide a simplified route to single-cycle pulse generation using Yb:KGW technology, previously possible only with Ti:sapphire-based front ends. This work paves the way for advanced applications in attosecond science, strong-field physics, and spectroscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4174-4177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.566338
Xiaoting Wang, Cuili Cui, Long Yuan, Zhihui Kang, Jiahao Bai, Jiajia Ning, Ling Zuo, Hanzhuang Zhang, Yinghui Wang
{"title":"Single-pixel imaging system based on a high performance S-CYHEAPbI<sub>3</sub> self-powered detector.","authors":"Xiaoting Wang, Cuili Cui, Long Yuan, Zhihui Kang, Jiahao Bai, Jiajia Ning, Ling Zuo, Hanzhuang Zhang, Yinghui Wang","doi":"10.1364/OL.566338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.566338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We carry out a route to fabricate the ferroelectric S-CYHEAPbI<sub>3</sub> polycrystalline films for photodetectors (PDs), with ITO/S-CYHEAPbI<sub>3</sub>/Ag structure. The PD exhibits a good optoelectronic performance including an on-off ratio of 1.87 × 10<sup>4</sup>, a responsivity (<i>R</i>) of 14.3 A W<sup>-1</sup>, and a detectivity of 5.42 × 10<sup>12</sup> Jones at a bias voltage of 0.3 V and the self-powered optoelectronic properties involving a <i>R</i> of 0.42 A W<sup>-1</sup> and a detectivity of 1.15 × 10<sup>12</sup> Jones. The frequency-modulation test and the transient absorption test together point out that the photo-generated carriers have to spend ∼0.02 eV to freely move in the S-CYHEAPbI<sub>3</sub> polycrystalline films, owing to the barrier of crystal domains. A single-pixel imaging system based on our PD can continuously obtain pattern information in power-free environments due to its self-powered capability and high photostability. These results open a new avenue for fabricating high-performance PD and broaden its application in optoelectronic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4186-4189"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synchronized multi-wavelength picosecond pulse generation by a single-frequency laser seeded Raman fiber amplifier.","authors":"Zhi Cheng, Jiaqi Zhou, Ting Yu, Yunmeng Liu, Xinru Cao, Yatan Xiong, Yingjuan Shi, Yan Feng","doi":"10.1364/OL.566572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.566572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synchronized multi-wavelength ultrafast laser has been widely used in Raman scattering spectroscopy, ultrafast pump-probe microscopy, coherent optical synthesis, and difference-frequency generation. Here, we demonstrate a cascaded single-frequency continuous wave (SF-CW) laser seeded Raman fiber amplifier to generate synchronized multi-wavelength picosecond pulses centered at 1065 nm, 1121 nm, and 1178 nm with ∼10 ps pulse duration. Different from the previous reported methods with resonator configuration, the SF-CW seeded Raman fiber amplifier not only is free of elaborate cavity length alignment but also presents repetition rate agility. Utilizing a gain switched diode as the pump source, the repetition rate of the synchronized multi-wavelength pulses could be adjusted from 20 MHz to 50 MHz. Additionally, the influence of the amplified spontaneous Raman emission (ASRE) has been investigated experimentally. It was found that suppressing the accumulated ASRE from the preceding amplifier stage is the key to obtain high-order Stokes pulses with decent spectral coherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4358-4361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.565610
Nasrollah Karampour, Gebrehiwot Tesfay Zeweldi, Md Moinul Islam Khan, Martin Rochette
{"title":"All-fiber Er:ZBLAN ring cavity laser in the 2.8 μm band.","authors":"Nasrollah Karampour, Gebrehiwot Tesfay Zeweldi, Md Moinul Islam Khan, Martin Rochette","doi":"10.1364/OL.565610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.565610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We demonstrate the first, to our knowledge, all-fiber ring cavity laser with light emission in the mid-infrared. For this purpose, a low-loss single-mode ZBLAN optical fiber coupler, a tapered pump combiner, and an inline polarization controller are specifically developed. These components are combined for the first time to our knowledge, along with an Er:ZBLAN fiber, to realize the ring cavity. The output power reaches 36 mW of continuous wave emission in the wavelength band of 2.8 μm. Two different pump wavelengths, 0.976 and 0.785 µm, are used to characterize the laser output. The investigation of polarization state impact on laser output reveals that polarization control suppresses mode competition, leading to improved output stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4350-4353"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.561638
Farah Comis, James Seddon, Mu-Chieh Lo, Alfonso Ruocco
{"title":"Enhancement of the electro-optic modulation efficiency in lithium niobate whispering gallery mode microdisk modulators.","authors":"Farah Comis, James Seddon, Mu-Chieh Lo, Alfonso Ruocco","doi":"10.1364/OL.561638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.561638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent developments in photonic integrated circuits require dense integration of electro-optic devices with minimal energy consumption on-chip. Thin-film lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) has emerged as one of the most promising material platforms for photonic integration, owing to recent advances in scalable fabrication techniques, a high electro-optic coefficient, sub-picosecond response time, and a wide transparency window. In this paper, we demonstrate efficient electro-optic tuning of an x-cut LNOI microdisk resonator with integrated electrodes. The microdisk modulator device's cross-section exhibits voltage-length products down to 4.70 V ·cm in a non-push-pull configuration. We compare the voltage-length product associated with the enhanced whispering gallery mode cross-section of the microdisk modulator to that of the microring and the Mach-Zehnder modulators, implemented on the same platform.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4466-4469"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generation and coherent control of dark-state spatial modes.","authors":"Huai-Che Shia, Siang-Wei Shao, Wu-Cheng Chiang, Yu-Hung Kuan, I-Kang Liu, Teodora Kirova, Gediminas Juzeliūnas, Yu-Ju Lin, Wen-Te Liao","doi":"10.1364/OL.562083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.562083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The generation and dynamic control of the spatial mode of the dark-state polarization using electromagnetically induced transparency are theoretically investigated. We demonstrate that a combination of synthetic scalar and vector potentials can be employed to engineer discrete spatial modes of the dark-state polariton, enabling quantum interference among these modes. We verify this concept by showing the Rabi oscillation between two spatial modes and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage among Λ-type three modes. Our approach allows for the reallocation of stored photonic data from one location to another, presenting potential applications such as photonic-memory optimization and retrieved light modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4302-4305"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.564010
Chi Z Huang, Vincent D Ching-Roa, Michael G Giacomelli
{"title":"hyperPICASSO: adapting the mutual-information-based unmixing technique PICASSO to hyperspectral datasets.","authors":"Chi Z Huang, Vincent D Ching-Roa, Michael G Giacomelli","doi":"10.1364/OL.564010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.564010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mutual-information (MI)-based unmixing algorithms such as PICASSO (Process of ultra-multiplexed Imaging of biomoleCules viA the unmixing of the Signals of Spectrally Overlapping fluorophores), which iteratively subtract pairs of images to minimize MI, have demonstrated the ability to remove spectral overlap from highly multiplexed fluorescent probes better than reference-based unmixing due to the binding-site variation of fluorophore emission spectra. However, when dealing with hyperspectral datasets, these approaches rely on naïve binning across discrete spectral bands. In doing so, spectral information within those bands is disregarded, resulting in inefficient unmixing. To address this, we have developed the hyperPICASSO algorithm, which generalizes MI-based unmixing to hyperspectral datasets. Our approach is to extract spectral features from annotated images that are used to perform approximate linear unmixing, which is then iteratively improved by pairwise minimization of MI. We find that hyperPICASSO significantly reduces cross talk compared to applying PICASSO-based unmixing to naïve binning of spectral data and compared to linear unmixing using measured spectra. The advantage is particularly evident for features with strongly overlapping emission spectra. We demonstrate that MI-based unmixing can greatly reduce cross talk by utilizing hyperspectral data.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4386-4389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}