{"title":"Generation of high-repetition-rate, high-power, few-cycle, 2-µm laser pulses with a single-stage all-fiber nonlinear compressor.","authors":"Zhen Yuan, Kejian Yang, Yang Li, Jingjie Hao, Heyan Liu, Zhongben Pan, Jinwei Zhang, Yizhou Liu, Tianli Feng","doi":"10.1364/OL.562939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.562939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We demonstrate a high-repetition-rate, high-power, few-cycle 2-µm laser employing a single-stage, all-fiber nonlinear pulse compressor. The compressor consists of three cascaded dispersion-compensating fibers that are spliced, with group velocity dispersions of -0.095 ps<sup>2</sup>/m, 0.137 ps<sup>2</sup>/m, and -0.076 ps<sup>2</sup>/m, respectively. The splicing losses caused by the different mode-field diameters were carefully minimized to 0.8 dB and 0.23 dB. A home-built 51.6-MHz, 8.26-W, 578-fs Tm-doped laser was used as the driving laser. This nonlinear fiber compressor realized a compression ratio of 17, reducing the pulse duration to 34 fs, based on the Gaussian assumption. The interaction between the accumulated nonlinear phase and dispersion was analyzed to optimize the characteristics of the compressed pulse. Consequently, laser pulses with 4.4-W average power and a 34-fs duration were generated.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 12","pages":"3852-3855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.561750
Philipp Lohmann, Daniel Wendland, Francesco Lenzini, Wolfram H P Pernice
{"title":"High system efficiency nonlinear frequency conversion on thin-film lithium niobate.","authors":"Philipp Lohmann, Daniel Wendland, Francesco Lenzini, Wolfram H P Pernice","doi":"10.1364/OL.561750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.561750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integrated photonic platforms can greatly enhance the efficiency of nonlinear frequency conversion processes by tightly confining light on a sub-micron scale. However, this advantage is often reduced by large fiber-to-chip coupling losses that drastically reduce the overall performance. Here, we demonstrate a highly efficient thin-film lithium niobate (LN) frequency converter based on periodically poled waveguides combined with direct laser written out-of-plane couplers. Including on-chip and fiber-to-chip losses, we obtain a conversion efficiency of 152%/W, thus demonstrating a promising approach for future scalable integrated devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 12","pages":"3844-3847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.563012
Wenping Zhong, Wufei Zhou, Junkai Zhang, Ruiqi Zheng, Jianghai Wo, Jianming Zhou, Kun Zhang, Yanyan Zhi, Jiejun Zhang, Jianping Yao
{"title":"High-order mode suppression in a high-Q disk resonator with metal patterning.","authors":"Wenping Zhong, Wufei Zhou, Junkai Zhang, Ruiqi Zheng, Jianghai Wo, Jianming Zhou, Kun Zhang, Yanyan Zhi, Jiejun Zhang, Jianping Yao","doi":"10.1364/OL.563012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.563012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-quality (Q) resonators are essential for efficient light confinement and manipulation in silicon photonics. Conventional microring resonators (MRRs) and microdisk resonators (MDRs) face challenges, such as high losses due to sidewall roughness in MRRs or interference from excessively high-order modes in MDRs. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, MDR design that integrates a patterned nickel (Ni) metal layer on top of a conventional MDR. This metal layer leverages the optical absorption properties of metal to selectively suppress high-order modes, resulting in a microresonator with a high-Q factor comparable to a conventional MDR and simultaneously a clean spectral response similar to that of a conventional MRR. Experimental results show that the patterned MDR with a radius of 20 μm achieves a maximum extinction ratio of 31 dB and a Q factor of 1.5 × 10<sup>5</sup>, which is two orders of magnitude higher than the Q factor of an MRR of identical size fabricated using the same process. This novel MDR design combines a high-Q factor with a clean spectral response, offering significant potential for applications that require high-Q resonators in chip-scale photonic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 12","pages":"3978-3981"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hybrid digital-analog beamforming architecture for rapid beam steering based on microwave photonics.","authors":"Yufei Fu, Jiazhen Cai, Jingcan Ma, Wenxin Guo, Tingrui Qi, Xinlu Gao, Lei Zhang, Zhennan Zheng, Shanguo Huang","doi":"10.1364/OL.561016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.561016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This Letter proposes a hybrid digital-analog microwave-photonics beamforming architecture, which is highly suitable for space-ground integrated network communications due to its high scanning speed and precise pointing capabilities. The frontend digital module generates phase-coded microwave waveform at different slopes, while the backend analog module aligns the beamforming using fixed optical true-time delays to achieve beam pointing in various directions. Beam switching is controlled solely by digital encoding, enabling an arbitrary angle switching time of less than 5 ns. Experiments demonstrate that the beam pointing error is less than 0.70° for four phase slopes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 12","pages":"4026-4029"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-wavelength applicable waveguide vortex beam generator in lithium niobate processed by femtosecond laser direct writing.","authors":"Boning Pang, Siwen Ai, Menghan Yu, Shihan Ding, Xiaokang Yang, Hongliang Liu","doi":"10.1364/OL.562226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.562226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this Letter, we report a micrometer-scale customized guiding device designed for generating vortex beams in lithium niobate (LN) crystals processed by femtosecond laser direct writing (FLDW) technology. Confocal-Raman microscope measurements were skillfully utilized to thoroughly clarify the microscopic mechanisms involved in the laser-induced alteration of the crystal lattice and the formation of various waveguide types. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations confirm that the designed array of stable-optimized Type-I waveguides with stepped length gradients demonstrates selective orbital angular momentum (OAM) excitation under multi-wavelength illumination and the wavelength-OAM correlation governed by the waveguide length-dependent phase accumulation mechanism. The wavelength-dependent vortex generation was experimentally characterized using an end-coupled interrogation setup with continuous laser sources at 1064 nm and 532 nm, verifying the structural response to wavelength variations. Our results vividly demonstrate that the multi-waveguide hybrid structure within lithium niobate crystals has remarkable potential for applications in vortex beam generators functioning at different wavelengths.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 12","pages":"3974-3977"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.563984
Pengfei Li, Jun Ruan, Shilong Liu, Dumitru Mihalache, Boris A Malomed
{"title":"Pure-quartic domain-wall solitons as topological bits for data transmission.","authors":"Pengfei Li, Jun Ruan, Shilong Liu, Dumitru Mihalache, Boris A Malomed","doi":"10.1364/OL.563984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.563984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Domain walls (DWs) are topological defects produced by symmetry-breaking phase transitions. Although DWs have been the subject of much work due to their fundamental physical properties, they have not been explored in optical systems with higher-order dispersion. Recent experimental and theoretical works have demonstrated that pure-quartic (PQ) solitons, with their specific energy-width scaling, arise from the interplay of the quartic group-velocity dispersion (GVD) and Kerr nonlinearity. Here, we report solutions for PQ-DW solitons for the model of optical media with the PQ GVD. The analysis demonstrates that they are stable modes. Further investigation reveals their potential as data carriers for optical telecommunications. These results broaden the variety of optical solitons maintained by diverse nonlinear media.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 12","pages":"3950-3953"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.566422
Yue Zhu, Jia Ye, Lianshan Yan, Xiao Yu, Xihua Zou, Wei Pan
{"title":"Self-adaptive hybrid data-model optimization for secure end-to-end radio-over-fiber transmission.","authors":"Yue Zhu, Jia Ye, Lianshan Yan, Xiao Yu, Xihua Zou, Wei Pan","doi":"10.1364/OL.566422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.566422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel self-adaptive secure end-to-end (E2E) transmission approach is proposed for a radio-over-fiber (RoF) system. The system integrates deep learning (DL) and traditional models across the transmitter, channel, and receiver, forming an E2E transmission framework. The encryption function of the system is embedded into modulation (TransNN) and demodulation (ReceivNN) via E2E optimization. Training-phase randomization and noise perturbations ensure incompatibility between modulation and demodulation models across different training rounds. An adversarial training strategy enhances physical-layer security by adapting the demodulation model to the legal channel while restricting its effectiveness on illegal ones. Numerical simulations indicate that under white-box attacks, only the matched ReceivNN correctly demodulates TransNN signals, while under gray-box attacks, ReceivNN demodulation performance degrades due to mismatched channel conditions. These results validate the scheme's effectiveness against both white-box and gray-box attacks, offering a secure and adaptive solution for RoF systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 12","pages":"3871-3874"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultra-compact hybrid multimode division multiplexer based on a photonic crystal nanobeam.","authors":"Enze Zhou, Qichao Wang, Yaohui Sun, Dongyu Wang, Wanghua Zhu, Guohua Hu, Binfeng Yun, Yiping Cui","doi":"10.1364/OL.551237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.551237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this Letter, we propose and fabricate an ultra-compact hybrid four-mode multiplexer based on a photonic crystal nanobeam to enhance the integration of on-chip multidimensional multiplexing systems. By introducing the nanobeam into the system, mode conversion can be achieved synchronously during reflection, eliminating the need for a dedicated mode converter and enabling higher chip integration. Besides, subwavelength gratings and tapered waveguides are gradually introduced to further reduce the length of the coupling region. As a result, the proposed tapered-waveguide-assisted ultra-compact hybrid four-mode multiplexer has a coupling region length of only 1.625 μm, and the minimum feature size is 130 nm. Experimental results demonstrate that this device exhibits an insertion loss less than 3.66 dB and cross talk better than -13 dB within a bandwidth of 60 nm. Attributed to its compact structure and low lithography precision requirements, the proposed device will undoubtedly contribute to achieving high integration of on-chip multidimensional multiplexing systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 12","pages":"3800-3803"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.564714
Yue Yu, Chuanxu Liu, Liangtao Hou, Jiuru Yang
{"title":"Ultrasensitive fiber-optic Vernier salinometer based on an integrated dual-microcavity interferometer.","authors":"Yue Yu, Chuanxu Liu, Liangtao Hou, Jiuru Yang","doi":"10.1364/OL.564714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.564714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this Letter, we report what we believe to be a novel integrated optical fiber Vernier sensor for ultra-sensitive salinity measurement of seawater. Based on the cladding-share strategy, a no-core-hollow-core-no-core fiber structure (NCF-HCF-NCF) is sandwiched into a millimeter-length open-cavity with proper lateral offset. The obvious Vernier effect is then observed with high envelope visibility (>20 dB) by means of fine adjusting the equivalent optical path differences of interferometers. The systematic experimental tests are conducted, and the results indicate the magnification factor of 8.33 is obtained and the salinity sensitivity reaches 18.43 nm/‰ corresponding to a resolution of 0.0032‰, with high yield of fabrication. Moreover, the temperature sensitivity is -10.25 nm/℃, and the error of measurement can be constrained within 1.9%. With the merits of simple fabrication and low cost, the proposed sensor is very promising and potential for high-accuracy marine environment monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 12","pages":"3895-3898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.563017
Wing Ko, Abdulrahman Alhaddad, Amir Minoofar, Hongkun Lian, Huibin Zhou, Muralekrishnan Ramakrishnan, Zile Jiang, Xinzhou Su, Moshe Tur, Jonathan L Habif, Alan E Willner
{"title":"Demonstration of reconfigurable and tunable all-optical matrix-vector multiplication using nonlinear wave mixing.","authors":"Wing Ko, Abdulrahman Alhaddad, Amir Minoofar, Hongkun Lian, Huibin Zhou, Muralekrishnan Ramakrishnan, Zile Jiang, Xinzhou Su, Moshe Tur, Jonathan L Habif, Alan E Willner","doi":"10.1364/OL.563017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.563017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent interest has grown in processing matrix operations within the optical domain due to its potential advantages in bandwidth, latency, and parallelism. While optical implementations of matrix-vector multiplication (MVM) have been demonstrated, they still partially rely on the electronic domain to perform the matrix operation. In this paper, we demonstrate MVM using nonlinear wave mixing, enabling the matrix operation to be performed in the optical domain. Each column of the matrix is modulated onto different subcarriers, in which the column elements are serialized in time. The vector elements are encoded onto separate CW tones at different wavelengths. The MVM operation is carried out using nonlinear wave mixing in a single periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide, in which the elements of the output vector are serialized in time. We show MVM at two different clock rates (3 and 5 GHz) and for different input vectors. The resulting output vectors have error standard deviations of 2.89-3.55%, corresponding to 4.8-5.1 bits of precision.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 12","pages":"4018-4021"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}