Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.558647
Hang Zhao, Qizhe Wu, Zedi Li, Shiyuan Liu, Jinlong Zhu
{"title":"High-speed lateral-scanning white-light interferometry for etched arrays with vertical off-axis compensation.","authors":"Hang Zhao, Qizhe Wu, Zedi Li, Shiyuan Liu, Jinlong Zhu","doi":"10.1364/OL.558647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.558647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing demand for fast inspection and metrology for large-scale micro-nanostructures has stimulated the development of lateral-scanning white-light interferometry (LSWLI). However, it is challenging to maintain the accuracy comparable to vertical-scanning white-light interferometry (WLI) due to the straightness of the translation stage and environmental vibration. This Letter presents a high-speed LSWLI with vertical off-axis compensation for etched arrays. The flat substrate is utilized to extract the off-axis motion of the sample during high-speed scanning. A white-light phase shifting interferometry (WLPSI) algorithm for the non-uniformly sampled interference signal is provided to recover surface topography. The experimental results demonstrated a similar height measurement accuracy compared with WLI, even though the scanning speed is 1 mm/s and the off-axis motion range is 600 nm.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 12","pages":"4106-4109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.564876
Zhen Meng, Yongfeng Liu, Jie Yang, Chuyu Hou, Shuaiqi Li, Yexiong Huang, Jingwen Yao, Ke Wang, Zhengzheng Liu, Mingyu Pi, Juan Du, Dingke Zhang
{"title":"Light-assisted precise control of micro-cavity lasers for lead halide perovskite nanorods.","authors":"Zhen Meng, Yongfeng Liu, Jie Yang, Chuyu Hou, Shuaiqi Li, Yexiong Huang, Jingwen Yao, Ke Wang, Zhengzheng Liu, Mingyu Pi, Juan Du, Dingke Zhang","doi":"10.1364/OL.564876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.564876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of integrated on-chip lasers featuring both low thresholds and high-quality factors remains a fundamental challenge in photonic integrated circuits, particularly for applications requiring visible coherent light sources. To develop micro-/nanolasers with high robustness and reliability, the fabrication of resonant cavities with controllable morphology and size is essential. In this work, we employed a light-assisted self-assembly approach to direct the formation of CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> quantum dots into uniform, high-quality nanorods (NRs). By precisely tuning the illumination time, the growth dynamics of the NRs were effectively regulated, resulting in well-defined resonators with improved light confinement and lasing efficiency. Transient absorption spectroscopy revealed suppressed nonradiative Auger recombination and enhanced radiative bimolecular recombination. These NRs functioned simultaneously as the gain medium and the resonant cavity, enabling nanosecond-sustained amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) (62.49 μJ/cm<sup>2</sup>) and femtosecond lasing at room temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 12","pages":"4050-4053"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.566671
Jinxin Li, Yuhang Xie, Jianghai Wo, Xudong Wang, Jianping Yao
{"title":"Multiband microwave photonic radar with increased target detection ability.","authors":"Jinxin Li, Yuhang Xie, Jianghai Wo, Xudong Wang, Jianping Yao","doi":"10.1364/OL.566671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.566671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We propose and demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, multiband microwave photonic radar, with increased target detection ability. An optical frequency shifting loop (OFSL) is employed in which a pulsed optical carrier modulated by a linearly frequency-modulated (LFM) waveform is recirculating in the loop to generate a series of optical waveforms with increased central frequencies and bandwidths. By beating the optical waveforms at the output of the OFSL with the optical carrier, a multiband LFM microwave waveform is generated, which is transmitted to free space via an antenna. At the same time, a portion of the multiband microwave waveform is sent to the radar receiver as a reference waveform. At the radar receiver, the multiband microwave waveform reflected by a target is received, which is de-chirped by mixing it with the reference waveform. Experimental verification of a radar system consisting of three-band (C-band, X-band, and Ku-band) LFM waveforms with instantaneous bandwidths of 1, 2, and 3 GHz, respectively, is performed. The range resolutions for the three bands are measured to be 15.98, 8.39, and 5.64 cm, respectively. By leveraging different frequency bands, the multiband radar can mitigate the limitations of single-band radars, such as material absorption and resolution constraints, to provide optimal performance in terms of detection range, range resolution, and detectability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 12","pages":"4094-4097"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.563493
Qiuyun Xu, Amanda P Siegel, Josee M D Smith, Joseph W Fakhoury, Maria Tsoukas, Hayden Smith, Chiu-Lan Chen, Steven Daveluy, Darius Mehregan, Julia Welzel, Eric R Tkaczyk, Kamran Avanaki
{"title":"OCT in dermatology: a process for determining whether a fully diversified dataset is needed for AI model-building.","authors":"Qiuyun Xu, Amanda P Siegel, Josee M D Smith, Joseph W Fakhoury, Maria Tsoukas, Hayden Smith, Chiu-Lan Chen, Steven Daveluy, Darius Mehregan, Julia Welzel, Eric R Tkaczyk, Kamran Avanaki","doi":"10.1364/OL.563493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.563493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has sufficient depth penetration for detection of skin pathologies, but its detection effectiveness can be aided by the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) modeling. AI model-building identifies pathologies by comparing images from healthy and diseased tissues, but healthy skin can present as quite variable across skin types and ages. Here, we selected a commonly used parameter for skin analysis and attenuation coefficient and analyzed how it varied in the dermis and epidermis, and in skin-exposed and skin-protected regions, for 100 subjects from a wide range of skin types (Fitzpatrick types I-V) and ages (13-83). For the statistical analysis, we report whether comparisons of the dermis and epidermis and sun-exposed and sun-protected areas across age and skin type are statistically significant, indeterminate, or not statistically significant and present 95% confidence intervals for this parameter as it ranges across different ages and skin types. This process of pre-analyzing features using healthy images provides a roadmap for how to ease the recruitment process while acquiring a sufficient range of images for effective AI model-building. We expect this type of analysis can have the effect of accelerating translation of AI-based OCT image analysis to the clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 12","pages":"3947-3949"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.559042
Eugene V Stepanov, Sergey M Pershin
{"title":"Spin selectivity of H<sub>2</sub>O isomers in vapors above boiling water demonstrates more than 5:1 ortho-/para-ratio.","authors":"Eugene V Stepanov, Sergey M Pershin","doi":"10.1364/OL.559042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.559042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A spin selectivity of processes occurring in vapor above the surface of boiling water has been detected for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. A tunable diode laser operated at 1.35 microns was used to analyze the relative content of Н<sub>2</sub>О spin isomers in water vapor. A significant increase in the H<sub>2</sub>O ortho-/para-molecule ratio (5:1) compared to the statistically stable state (3:1) was observed at 80-90°C. A possible mechanism of the phenomenon could be associated with the depletion of vapor by the para-H<sub>2</sub>O isomer due to its higher activity in condensation and formation of water microdrops.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 12","pages":"3832-3835"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.563798
Zhihan Xu, Wen Chen
{"title":"Correspondence imaging using mixed illumination patterns in complex environments with random disturbances.","authors":"Zhihan Xu, Wen Chen","doi":"10.1364/OL.563798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.563798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optical imaging with single-pixel detection could not work well in some complex scenarios, when a single type of illumination patterns is applied. Here, we report on correspondence imaging (CI) with mixed illumination patterns to achieve high-quality object reconstruction and high robustness in complex environments with random disturbances. A series of mixed illumination patterns are generated to be displayed alternately, i.e., sinusoidal patterns and random patterns. The dynamic scaling factors induced by complex environments with random disturbances are estimated from the sequence of collected light intensities obtained when random patterns are used and then are applied to correct the sequence of collected light intensities obtained when sinusoidal patterns are used. The series of corrected light intensities is employed for an initial reconstruction, and an object image is finally recovered by using a physics-enhanced neural network (PENet) without the use of training data. It is illustrated in optical experiments that the proposed method achieves high robustness in complex environments with random disturbances, and the recovered object images are of high fidelity. The proposed method can open an avenue to establish high-performance CI systems in complex environments with random disturbances.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 12","pages":"3860-3863"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.564618
Zehui Lu, Shaoxiang Duan, Hao Zhang, Wei Lin, Haifeng Liu, Bo Liu, Fan Jia
{"title":"Diffractive optical neural network for dual-wavelength vectorial vortex beams de-/multiplexing.","authors":"Zehui Lu, Shaoxiang Duan, Hao Zhang, Wei Lin, Haifeng Liu, Bo Liu, Fan Jia","doi":"10.1364/OL.564618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.564618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vectorial vortex beams (VVBs) exhibit unique polarization and mode characteristics, positioning them as promising candidates for advanced photonic applications. However, the efficient de-/multiplexing of VVBs, particularly across multiple wavelengths, remains a significant challenge. To address this, we propose a complex amplitude-modulation metasurface-based diffractive optical neural network (DNN) for dual-wavelength vector mode de-/multiplexing. Our approach enables full-dimensional control of vectorial optical fields by implementing a global optimization framework, achieving high mode conversion efficiency and low cross talk across up to 40 channels. Additionally, we investigate the impact of initial values and layer counts on optimization performance, offering valuable insights for enhancing DNN efficiency. This work provides a simple, yet efficient, platform for further applications of VVBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 12","pages":"4082-4085"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.566308
Anitta Jomy, Amritha Jayan, C S Narayanamurthy, Dinesh N Naik, Biswajit Pathak
{"title":"Hybrid holographic modal wavefront sensing for improved aberration correction.","authors":"Anitta Jomy, Amritha Jayan, C S Narayanamurthy, Dinesh N Naik, Biswajit Pathak","doi":"10.1364/OL.566308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.566308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present work, we propose a hybrid holographic modal wavefront sensing (HHMWS) technique to improve aberration correction by leveraging the complementary strengths of Zernike polynomials and polar Walsh functions, together with an optimized correction strategy. Zernike-based modal wavefront sensing is effective for correcting low-order aberrations but is less capable of addressing complex aberrations like those caused by atmospheric turbulence. To address such limitations, the proposed technique integrates polar Walsh function-based correction with feedback condition, in a sequential manner, offering reduced cross talk and real-time correction capabilities. Moreover, an experimental setup is designed to implement such a hybrid approach, in order to improve wavefront estimation accuracy, enabling correction of both low- and high-order aberrations, using a single spatial light modulator (SLM) and camera.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 12","pages":"4066-4069"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.561480
Ziqian Qi, Linning Wang, Pengzhan Liu, Yingze Liang, Jiayao Zhou, Xinjie Mo, Jiahao Gou, Lei Zhang, Hongbo Zhu, Yongjin Wang
{"title":"Mobile full-duplex deep-ultraviolet light communication network.","authors":"Ziqian Qi, Linning Wang, Pengzhan Liu, Yingze Liang, Jiayao Zhou, Xinjie Mo, Jiahao Gou, Lei Zhang, Hongbo Zhu, Yongjin Wang","doi":"10.1364/OL.561480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.561480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep-ultraviolet (DUV) light communication can effectively resist solar noise and electromagnetic interference across complex electromagnetic scenarios. However, mobility is still a crucial issue that hinders its application. Here, we integrated visual-tracking features with DUV light communication systems, consequently proposing a mobile deep-ultraviolet light communication (MDUVLC) system under the transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) scheme. The MDUVLC apparatus is finally employed on drones and land vehicles, with real-time video communication between these moving nodes experimentally demonstrated in sunlight. This apparatus can combine with other bidirectional communication systems to establish a complete mapping all-light communication network for seamless connectivity across different environments, in which all nodes are symmetric and decentralized.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 12","pages":"4030-4033"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.563259
Sina Mohammadi, Matthew Markowitz, Francesco Monticone, Mohammad Ali Miri, Maria Tamargo
{"title":"Multi-wavelength edge detection based on nonlocal multilayer GaAs-AlAs thin films.","authors":"Sina Mohammadi, Matthew Markowitz, Francesco Monticone, Mohammad Ali Miri, Maria Tamargo","doi":"10.1364/OL.563259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.563259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We demonstrate a compact multilayer GaAs-AlAs structure for passive optical edge detection at multiple wavelengths. Through the inverse design of the layer thicknesses, this structure manipulates spatial frequency components of an incoming wavefront, selectively reflecting high-frequency features while suppressing low-frequency intensity variations. Simulations reveal a reflectance transition from minimal to near-total as a function of numerical aperture, a property leveraged for enhancing edge contrast in optical imaging. For the first time, to our knowledge, we utilize molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to fabricate edge detection devices, ensuring structural fidelity. Material characterization confirms high-quality interfaces, precise thickness control, and excellent uniformity, validating the suitability of MBE for this application. Experimental angle-resolved reflectance measurements closely align with theoretical predictions, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach for real-time, hardware-based optical image processing. The proposed design automatically works for at least two wavelengths and can be readily extended to operate at multiple wavelengths simultaneously. This work opens new possibilities for employing multilayer interference structures in high-performance optical imaging and real-time signal processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 12","pages":"3856-3859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}