{"title":"Dual-wavelength generator for high-efficiency difference frequency generation of a terahertz wave.","authors":"Wei Li, Feng Qi, Qiaoqiao Fu, Pengxiang Liu, Xu Guo, Weifan Li, Yelong Wang, Zhaoyang Liu","doi":"10.1364/OL.555067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.555067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been two decades since the invention of THz wave difference frequency generation (DFG) by using organic crystal DAST. The dual-KTiOPO<sub>4</sub> (KTP) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) structure is a kind of quite popular dual wavelength generator since it is convenient for realization. However, the imbalance of both pumping power and efficiency at two KTPs is normal, and it leads to a deviation from ideal 1:1 on the output energy ratio of dual wavelengths. In this paper, on one hand, we find a method to balance the output energy of dual-KTP OPO under most conditions. On the other hand, we propose to use two single-KTP OPOs to replace the dual-KTP OPO. In this way, both the power balance and beam pattern can be guaranteed, and thus the DFG efficiency is significantly improved. Compared with a non-optimized dual-KTP OPO setup (energy ratio 1:5), the DFG efficiency is enhanced by an average factor of 2.59 and a maximum factor of 8.68 (at 18.6 THz).</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 6","pages":"1791-1794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.555203
Mbaye Diouf, Mitchell Harling, Kimani C Toussaint
{"title":"Large depth-of-focus via programmable space-time light sheets.","authors":"Mbaye Diouf, Mitchell Harling, Kimani C Toussaint","doi":"10.1364/OL.555203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.555203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diffraction-free property of space-time wave packets has led to an abundance of interest in the field of optical physics. This feature may also find utility in applications for biomedical optics. Specifically, the programmability of the space-time light sheet can yield µm-thick light sheets with widths that resist diffraction in free space over several millimeters, whereas similarly sized Airy, Bessel, or Gaussian light sheets diverge significantly when focused to reach comparable widths. Here, we experimentally and numerically demonstrate this, and confirm that a 10-µm-thick space-time light sheet, achieved without a focusing lens and synthesized by tuning the spectral tilt angle of the light cone, maintains its width over a free-space propagation distance of 2 mm. In comparison, we find that over the same propagation distance, the Airy, Bessel, and Gaussian light sheets, all with starting thicknesses of ∼10 µm, become ∼4.5× to ∼10× wider, respectively. Space-time light sheets thus offer an opportunity for significantly extended depth-of-focus for light sheet microscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 6","pages":"1795-1798"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.550728
Stefano Longhi
{"title":"Laser Mpemba effect.","authors":"Stefano Longhi","doi":"10.1364/OL.550728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.550728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work explores the emergence of Mpemba-like effects within the quantum theory of lasers. By examining the temporal dynamics of photon number statistics in a single-mode laser above threshold, we reveal the curious and counterintuitive possibility that a laser system, starting with photon statistics far from equilibrium, may reach its stationary nearly Poissonian distribution faster than a system initially closer to equilibrium. Drawing parallels to both classical and quantum Mpemba effects, we suggest that this behavior results from the unique relaxation dynamics of photon states, which is described by a non-integrable birth-death process. Our findings offer new insights into the foundational aspects of quantum laser light and contribute to the expanding body of research on non-equilibrium phenomena in quantum systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 6","pages":"2069-2072"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.551346
Sihao Pi, Tao Wu, Xinxin Feng, Hongda Yan, Chenwen Ye, Xingdao He
{"title":"Rapid measurements of Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering in gases at low temperature and low pressure using a VIPA-based spectrometer.","authors":"Sihao Pi, Tao Wu, Xinxin Feng, Hongda Yan, Chenwen Ye, Xingdao He","doi":"10.1364/OL.551346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.551346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report on a novel, to the best of our knowledge, method for rapid measurements of Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering (RBS) profiles in air at low temperatures and low pressures, using a spectrometer based on a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA). RBS profiles were measured over a temperature range of 213-293 K and a pressure range of 343-996 mbar. The Tenti S6 model was used to fit profiles and retrieve gas temperatures. The calculated root mean square error (RMSE) for the spectral fitting curve was less than 3.23%, while the absolute error of retrieved temperatures was less than 2.44 K with an acquisition time of 2 s per profile. These results confirm the viability of using a VIPA-based spectrometer for rapid RBS profile measurements at low temperature and low pressure, with potential application to atmospheric measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 6","pages":"1981-1984"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.547035
Amit Narawane, Pablo Ortiz, Mark Draelos, Ryan P McNabb, Anthony N Kuo, Joseph A Izatt
{"title":"Pupil wobble in point-scanning retinal optical coherence tomography systems.","authors":"Amit Narawane, Pablo Ortiz, Mark Draelos, Ryan P McNabb, Anthony N Kuo, Joseph A Izatt","doi":"10.1364/OL.547035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.547035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems utilize 2D scanning methods to acquire reflectance-based volumetric images of samples, such as the human retina, with micrometer-scale depth resolution. A common method for performing this scanning at high speeds is to use a pair of sequential, single-axis galvanometer scanners. An undesired effect of using separated scanners is the variation in the beam position at the pupil plane, a phenomenon known as beam wander or pupil wobble. This can lead to loss of signal and vignetting artifacts in the resulting images. To overcome these limitations, we propose a method to deterministically analyze the pupil wobble in a given retinal OCT system and to correct for the displacement using pupil tracking OCT with a 2D scanning mirror placed anti-conjugate to the pupil plane. We demonstrate that we can model the pattern of pupil wobble present in any OCT system both theoretically and empirically and then use a pupil tracking system to correct for the displacement of the beam to acquire OCT images without the imposed artifacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 6","pages":"1969-1972"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.555586
Venkatesan Jambunathan, Simone Normani, Pavel Loiko, Karel Veselský, Liza Basyrova, Abdelmjid Benayad, Patrice Camy, Ammar Hideur, Alain Braud
{"title":"Effect of doping concentration on the performance of 2.8 µm Er:CaF<sub>2</sub> lasers.","authors":"Venkatesan Jambunathan, Simone Normani, Pavel Loiko, Karel Veselský, Liza Basyrova, Abdelmjid Benayad, Patrice Camy, Ammar Hideur, Alain Braud","doi":"10.1364/OL.555586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.555586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of rare-earth doping on the spectroscopy and mid-infrared laser performance of Er<sup>3+</sup>:CaF<sub>2</sub> crystals was investigated. An optimum doping level of 3-5 at.% was identified owing to ion clustering. Pumped by a high-brightness Yb-fiber laser at 976 nm, a continuous-wave 5 at.% Er<sup>3+</sup>:CaF<sub>2</sub> laser generated 1.22 W at 2798 nm with a slope efficiency of 38.3% exceeding the Stokes limit, and the laser wavelength was continuously tunable across 2690-2830 nm (tuning range: 140 nm). The ratio of energy-transfer upconversion rates from <sup>4</sup>I<sub>11/2</sub> and <sup>4</sup>I<sub>13/2</sub> states was quantified relating to the energy recycling process.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 6","pages":"2081-2084"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.553163
Ying Sun, Lingbao Kong, Shiqing Hua
{"title":"Efficient 3D measurement method based on an array chromatic confocal technique.","authors":"Ying Sun, Lingbao Kong, Shiqing Hua","doi":"10.1364/OL.553163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.553163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chromatic confocal measurement (CCM) is an extensive technique of confocal microscopy, where the inherent relation between the focused wavelength and the axial position enables depth sensing. Most CCM works by single-point, resulting in inevitable lateral scans for 3D measurement. To facilitate the process, a 3D measurement method was developed, characterized by combining depth obtained by chromatic confocal technique and lateral information obtained by DMD. To realize the field extension, an objective with hyper-chromatism and wide field was custom-designed to form a 16 × 16 × 5.2 mm<sup>3</sup> measurement range. Chromatism was decoded to depth by creating a spectral bar for each measurement point. As depth varied, the peak intensity was observed to shift linearly on a pixelized bar. An effective range of 10 × 10 × 3.35 mm<sup>3</sup> was obtained from calibration. To validate the 3D measurement ability, a planar mirror, a three-step height sample of a 10 × 8 mm<sup>2</sup> field of view (FOV) with 0.1 mm and 2.0 mm height and a letter \"V\" structure were tested. Current work proves the array-based chromatic confocal technique can be a promising 3D measurement approach of practical significance<i>.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 6","pages":"1921-1924"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.547439
Thomas Fordell, Anders E Wallin, Thomas Lindvall, Kalle Hanhijärvi
{"title":"Closed-loop polarization mode dispersion mitigation for fiber-optic time and frequency transfer.","authors":"Thomas Fordell, Anders E Wallin, Thomas Lindvall, Kalle Hanhijärvi","doi":"10.1364/OL.547439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.547439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A polarization-switching pulse interleaver is shown to be effective in reducing timing noise due to polarization mode dispersion in time and frequency transfer based on mode-locked lasers and standard single-mode (SM) fibers. In closed-loop time transfer over a 30-km dispersion-compensated fiber link with 300 fs of differential group delay, polarization interleaving reduced the delay variations to <20 fs. The results indicate that the remaining drift is caused by polarization-dependent loss and by AM-to-PM noise conversion in the photodiodes, suggesting the need for a \"double-balanced\" phase detector in the receiver, i.e., a phase detector balanced in power and polarization. By mitigating the polarization dependence, this work demonstrates a simple approach that can potentially yield sub-femtosecond-level, long-term time transfer in long-haul fiber links utilizing standard single-mode fibers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 6","pages":"1759-1762"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.552073
Chi Zhang, Jannick P Rolland, Aaron Bauer
{"title":"Continuous zoom freeform afocal telescope.","authors":"Chi Zhang, Jannick P Rolland, Aaron Bauer","doi":"10.1364/OL.552073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.552073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuous zoom afocal systems offer great flexibility for imaging applications. This work investigates the capability and potential of using freeform optics in continuous zoom reflective systems by designing a four-mirror unobscured afocal system with zoom capabilities. The system was optimized at 2X and 3X zoom ratios with a compensated exit pupil. Freeform profiles were used on each mirror for the aberration correction necessary to facilitate the zoom motion. The minimum volume package was found for both the 2X and 3X zoom freeform designs that achieve diffraction-limited performance with less than 5% RMS pupil shape error and pupil offset error. 3x better RMS wavefront error and 3.5x better exit pupil quality were observed in the freeform design compared to the off-axis conic design with identical specifications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 6","pages":"1827-1830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.543288
Sudha Maria Lis S, Somnath Pandit, Someprosad Patra, Faizan H Lone, Nitesh Singh, Debamalya Banerjee, Rajesh V Nair, Shivakiran Bhaktha B N
{"title":"Purcell enhanced laser action using a super-Tamm cavity mode.","authors":"Sudha Maria Lis S, Somnath Pandit, Someprosad Patra, Faizan H Lone, Nitesh Singh, Debamalya Banerjee, Rajesh V Nair, Shivakiran Bhaktha B N","doi":"10.1364/OL.543288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.543288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optical Tamm structures have potential for the development of optoelectronic devices, provided they overcome the challenge of low-quality factor of modes and inherent losses associated with plasmonic metal films. In this work, we present lasing in a super-Tamm structure consisting of a silver thin film deposited on a 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4- dimethylaminostyryl)-H-pyran (DCM) dye-doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) spacer layer coated on a SiO<sub>2</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> one-dimensional photonic crystal with a lasing threshold of ∼0.07 mJ. The spectral line narrowing and threshold characteristics observed in the emission spectrum corroborate the realization of a waveguided super-Tamm laser. The bi-exponential temporal decay profile of the Tamm lasing modes with an average lifetime of 0.52 ± 0.02 ns confirms the Purcell enhancement of radiative intensity of the DCM dye when coupled to the super-Tamm modes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 6","pages":"1869-1872"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}