Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.549187
Jialin Bai, Yue Qin, Xitong Yuan, Song Wang, Ting Wang, Hanzhuang Zhang, Wenyu Ji
{"title":"Positive charging effect in quantum-dot light-emitting diodes.","authors":"Jialin Bai, Yue Qin, Xitong Yuan, Song Wang, Ting Wang, Hanzhuang Zhang, Wenyu Ji","doi":"10.1364/OL.549187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.549187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is widely accepted that there are significantly more electrons than holes in ZnO-based quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) due to the outstanding electrical properties of the ZnO film. However, here we found that holes but not electrons are stored in the quantum dots (QDs) after turning off the driving voltage. This unexpected hole storage (positive charging) behavior is attributed to the strong confinement effect caused by the wide bandgap shell outside the QDs. Temperature-dependent transient electroluminescence (TrEL) measurements were carried out to confirm the sign of the residual charges and their distribution in the QD emission layer. As temperature decreases, the holes tend to be immobile in the QDs, elevating the concentration of holes within the QD layer away from the ZnO. Consequently, increased EL spike intensity is observed for the QLED during the off period. This positive charging effect reminds us to reconsider the operational mechanisms of QLEDs, especially for the display applications driven by an alternative current mode.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 4","pages":"1273-1276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-powered radiation detector based on an AlScN/SiC heterojunction structure.","authors":"Chong Chen, Yuping Jia, Xiaojuan Sun, Mingrui Liu, Jianwei Ben, Zhiming Shi, Shunpeng Lü, Ke Jiang, Tong Wu, Xingzhu Cui, Yin Yin, Dabing Li","doi":"10.1364/OL.547220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.547220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional SiC alpha particle radiation detectors typically operate under an applied bias of tens to hundreds of volts. This study introduces a self-powered alpha particle detector using an AlScN/SiC heterojunction structure. By optimizing the thickness of the AlScN film, the detector achieves a low dark current (1.3 nA/cm<sup>2</sup> at -40 V). Three distinct alpha particle peaks are observed with energy resolutions of 3.7%, 4.2%, and 3.3% for <sup>239</sup>Pu, <sup>241</sup>Am, and <sup>244</sup>Cm, respectively, without external bias. The self-powered capability results from the type II heterojunction between AlScN and SiC, where the hole potential well at the AlScN/SiC interface accumulates holes and enables electron multiplication. The collection of additional current generated by supplementary electrons during transport enhances detection performance without applied bias. This study elucidates the underlying mechanism and proposes an effective strategy to advance SiC-based radiation detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 4","pages":"1265-1268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.550962
Jinho Lee, Yan Ososkov, Martin Buckthorpe, Mary Ann Cahoon, Bailey Meehan, Kristin Chapman, Thomas W Hawkins, John Ballato, Stuart D Jackson
{"title":"Silica fiber laser emitting moderate power-stable visible output.","authors":"Jinho Lee, Yan Ososkov, Martin Buckthorpe, Mary Ann Cahoon, Bailey Meehan, Kristin Chapman, Thomas W Hawkins, John Ballato, Stuart D Jackson","doi":"10.1364/OL.550962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.550962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A high slope efficiency of 12%, a stabilized output power of 250 mW at a wavelength of 581.8 nm, and what we believe to be a record peak output power of 450 mW have been achieved from a diode-pumped high concentration Dy<sup>3+</sup>:BaF<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle (NP)-doped silicate fiber laser. The performance is primarily attributed to a reduction in the overall background loss within the cavity and a higher Dy<sup>3+</sup> concentration in the pre-synthesized NPs. Almost 60% of the initial laser power remains in the steady state after several hours of the fiber being pumped by high-power 450 nm radiation, suggesting a modified local rare-earth ion environment. Such an environment likely leads to moderate photodarkening resistance, which results from the reduced energization of nearby precursor defects in the aluminosilicate glass, typically forming strongly absorbing defect centers. The result opens the door to a new class of lasers that exploits the remarkable material properties of silicate glass for the efficient generation of visible light.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 4","pages":"1148-1151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.551720
Chongyang Xu, Bangyan Hu, Kun Zhang, Xiaofan Zhang, Yifan Chen, Hongquan Yao, Xinjie Lv, Jian Ning, Gang Zhao
{"title":"High-SNR, high- repetition-rate, compact, picosecond, mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator pumped synchronously by a harmonic mode-locked fiber laser.","authors":"Chongyang Xu, Bangyan Hu, Kun Zhang, Xiaofan Zhang, Yifan Chen, Hongquan Yao, Xinjie Lv, Jian Ning, Gang Zhao","doi":"10.1364/OL.551720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.551720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study proposes and demonstrates a high-performance picosecond mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on harmonic mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser synchronous pumping. The OPO exhibits unparalleled advantages including a compact structure, high repetition rate, excellent stability, and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The OPO output pulse maintains a high repetition rate of 0.8 GHz while exhibiting highly uniform amplitude and a high SNR of 52 dB at 2.3 µm, and its cavity length is only 16 cm. The signal light wavelength is tunable within the range of 2.3-2.46 µm, while the idler light can be tuned within 4.18-4.74 µm. When the pump power is 4 W, the OPO delivers 120 mW of idler light power at 4.18 µm. This work provides what we believe to be a novel and effective solution for realizing ultrafast tunable lasers in the mid-infrared with a high repetition rate and a high SNR, which is expected to play an important role in the fields of spectroscopy and medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 4","pages":"1228-1231"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.546063
Bejoys Jacob, João Azevedo, Jana B Nieder, Bruno Romeira
{"title":"Electroluminescence in <i>n</i>-type GaAs unipolar nanoLEDs.","authors":"Bejoys Jacob, João Azevedo, Jana B Nieder, Bruno Romeira","doi":"10.1364/OL.546063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.546063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this Letter, we report the observation of electroluminescence (EL) at ∼866 nm from <i>n</i>-<i>i</i>-<i>n</i> unipolar (electron-transporting) III-V GaAs nanoLEDs. The devices consist of nanopillars with a top diameter of 166 nm, arranged in a 10 × 10 pillar array. Hole generation through impact ionization and Zener tunneling is achieved by incorporating an AlAs/GaAs/AlAs double-barrier quantum well within the epilayer structure of the <i>n</i>-<i>i</i>-<i>n</i> diode. Time-resolved EL measurements reveal decay lifetimes >300 ps, allowing us to estimate an internal quantum efficiency (IQE) higher than 2% at sub-mA current injection. These results demonstrate the potential for a new, to the best of our knowledge, class of <i>n</i>-type nanoscale light-emitting devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 4","pages":"1101-1104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.551244
Ruihua Chen, Ke Jiang, Zi-Hui Zhang, Jianwei Ben, Shanli Zhang, Kexi Liu, Xianjun Wang, Chunyue Zhang, Xiaojuan Sun, Dabing Li
{"title":"Enhancing hole injection efficiency in an AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet laser diode by three-terminal structure with the AlScN ferroelectric layer.","authors":"Ruihua Chen, Ke Jiang, Zi-Hui Zhang, Jianwei Ben, Shanli Zhang, Kexi Liu, Xianjun Wang, Chunyue Zhang, Xiaojuan Sun, Dabing Li","doi":"10.1364/OL.551244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.551244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here, we have designed a novel, to the best of our knowledge, three-terminal AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet (DUV) laser diode (LD), featuring an AlScN ferroelectric layer beneath the third terminal and a stepped ridge structure. Our findings indicate that when the AlScN layer is negatively polarized by an external bias by the third terminal, the fixed polarization positive charges at the AlScN/p-GaN interface can enhance hole injection efficiency by modulating the energy band in the p-type region near the AlScN layer. The modulation does not deteriorate the electron injection and the optical field confinement, thus effectively increasing the stimulated recombination rate in the active region. As a result, there is a marked reduction in threshold current density, accompanied by a significant rise in output light power. Furthermore, our investigation suggests that the stepped ridge structure can further mitigate the hole lateral diffusion during the hole injection process, ensuring sufficient hole current density. This study, theoretically, offers a novel way to realize high-performance AlGaN-based DUV LD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 4","pages":"1081-1084"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.541648
Alfonso Tello Castillo, Cameron Simmons, Ross Donaldson
{"title":"Experimental demonstration of polarization-based decoy-state BB84 quantum key distribution utilizing a single laser and a single detector.","authors":"Alfonso Tello Castillo, Cameron Simmons, Ross Donaldson","doi":"10.1364/OL.541648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.541648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As quantum key distribution progresses into commercial products and services, there is growing interest in technological solutions that improve performance and/or reduce costs. We present an experimental demonstration of the polarization-based three-level decoy-state BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, at a clock frequency of 50 MHz, that relies on fewer resources at the receiver and increases robustness to side-channel attacks for both the transmitter and receiver. A single-laser source and cascade of electro-optic modulators provide the four polarization states, while a photonic recombiner with time-multiplexed inputs enables detection with a single detector.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 4","pages":"1184-1187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1364/OL.545756
Xinyun Yang, Yongjia Yao, Ruichen Zhang, Mingyue He, Hang Wang, Zhipeng Dong, Zhengqian Luo
{"title":"Mode-locked, dual-wavelength fiber laser with a dual-repetition rate of 1.3/1.4 um in a space-division multiplexing cavity.","authors":"Xinyun Yang, Yongjia Yao, Ruichen Zhang, Mingyue He, Hang Wang, Zhipeng Dong, Zhengqian Luo","doi":"10.1364/OL.545756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.545756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dual-color mode-locked fiber lasers are widely applied in various domains, including difference-frequency generation, Raman scattering spectroscopy, and microscopy. A dual-color mode-locked laser can be obtained through a shared main path along with dedicated subpaths, which pumps either a single or multiple gain media, offering a more flexible design and a simpler structural configuration. In this Letter, we demonstrated a dual-repetition rate of a 1.3/1.4 <i>µ</i>m mode-locked fiber laser based on a nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) technology in a bismuth (Bi)-doped fiber by a space-multiplexed cavity. By utilizing the extensive luminescent properties of Bi-doped fibers, the laser can deliver mode-locked pulses with repetition rates of 3.18 and 2.62 MHz and central wavelengths of 1314.60 and 1410.76 nm, respectively. Besides, by fine-tuning polarization controllers (PCs) and pump power, we can also achieve Q-switched pulses with a distinct repetition rate for the 1.3/1.4 <i>µ</i>m bands. This compact and cost-effective all-fiber laser system may have significant potential for practical applications in the fields of optical communication, difference-frequency generation, microscopy, etc.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 4","pages":"1065-1068"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonlinear differential interference contrast imaging.","authors":"Fei Lin, Ling Hong, Yu Zhang, Yongyao Li, Li Zhang, Xiaodong Qiu","doi":"10.1364/OL.544874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.544874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Differential interference contrast (DIC) imaging is essential in both biological research and medical diagnostics. Despite considerable progress in theoretical and experimental frameworks, limited by the inefficient cameras, achieving direct DIC imaging with infrared (IR) illumination remains a formidable challenge. However, infrared DIC imaging is urgent for diverse fields. Here, we creatively leverage the walk-off effect, a limitation in nonlinear optics, to solve this obstacle and present the nonlinear DIC imaging. The critical component of our scheme is a nonlinear beam displacer (NBD) made up of two quadrature-cascaded type I nonlinear crystals. When the infrared beam carrying object information passes through the proposed NBD, it undergoes nonlinear coupling with the pump beam and then generates two orthogonally polarized visible beams with a slight spatial displacement dominated by the walk-off effect. Accordingly, by selecting polarization, the lateral shear interference for realizing DIC imaging can be realized, and thus the phase discontinuities of the object can be visualized with infrared illumination. Our finding brings DIC imaging technology into the realm of upconversion infrared imaging, paving the way for infrared phase microscopy imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 4","pages":"1345-1348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real-time frame-registered resonant fluorescence scanning laser ophthalmoscopy for quantifying static and dynamic cellular properties in the mouse retina.","authors":"Tianqi Song, Yao Wang, Yuxiang Zhou, Mingliang Zhou, Yanhong Ma, Donghan Ma, Jia Qu, Jinyi Zhang, Pengfei Zhang","doi":"10.1364/OL.546343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.546343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluorescence labeling offers excellent contrast for cell imaging within living mouse eyes. High-speed, high-resolution imaging with a large field of view (FOV) is always desirable. A high-speed scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) system has been developed, equipped with real-time desinusoiding correction and frame registration for fluorescence imaging of mouse retinas. Precise calibration using a standard raster grid compensates for scanning hysteresis and image lateral distortion caused by the sinusoidal motion of the resonant scanner. More importantly, a strip-based registration method has been developed to correct frame distortions induced by breathing and pupil drift, enabling effective real-time and post-processing frame averaging. This system captures images at 1024 × 1024 pixels, with a temporal resolution of 16 Hz and a lateral resolution of 1.8 µm, and a FOV of up to 50° (35 µm/degree), which facilitates accurate measurement of both static and dynamic cellular properties, such as microglia cell density, diameter, spacing, and blood hemodynamics, within living mouse eyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 4","pages":"1329-1332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}