Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.571669
Umit Demirbas, Alexandre Trisorio, Carlo Vicario
{"title":"Optimizing multi-cycle THz generation in PPLN: the role of central frequency and temperature.","authors":"Umit Demirbas, Alexandre Trisorio, Carlo Vicario","doi":"10.1364/OL.571669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.571669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We experimentally investigate the impact of central terahertz (THz) frequency and crystal temperature on multi-cycle (MC) THz pulse generation efficiency in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN). Through a comprehensive evaluation of six different PPLN samples, we uncover a significant interplay between quadratic scaling with central frequency and absorption effects, which governs optimal THz generation. At cryogenic temperatures (15 K), the peak conversion efficiency is observed near 1 THz, achieving a favorable balance between enhanced quadratic frequency scaling and minimized phonon-induced absorption losses. In contrast, at room temperature (RT, 295 K), the shoulder of the absorption peak, centered around 7.4 THz, becomes strong enough to push the optimal frequency down to 0.5 THz. These findings may offer guidance for upscaling the energy of narrowband THz sources, facilitating advances in nonlinear spectroscopy, tabletop electron acceleration, and ultrafast THz photonics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 19","pages":"6149-6152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"111 W picosecond Ho:YAG amplifier and its application to 10 μm mid-infrared generation.","authors":"Jinwen Tang, Xiaoxiao Hua, Minglang Wu, Wenhao Cheng, Zhitai Zhou, Baoquan Yao, Tongyu Dai, Xiaoming Duan","doi":"10.1364/OL.574416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.574416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this Letter, we report a high-power picosecond Ho:YAG amplifier system delivering an average output power exceeding 111 W at a repetition rate of 10 kHz, achieving an overall gain of 93 dB, with beam quality characterized by <i>M</i><sup>2</sup> values of 1.53 and 1.65 in two orthogonal directions and highly stable operation (1.7% RMS fluctuation). To the best of our knowledge, this represents the highest average power demonstrated thus far for a 2-μm picosecond laser amplifier. Utilizing this robust amplifier as a pump source, we further developed a ZnGeP<sub>2</sub> (ZGP) optical parametric generator (OPG) for mid-infrared radiation, successfully achieving direct emission at 10.1 μm with an output power of 123 mW under a pump power of 16 W. Notably, this work demonstrates the first direct 10 μm generation from a ZGP-based OPG.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 19","pages":"6161-6164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Yb<sup><b>3+</b></sup>-optimized core-shell structured luminescent material for dual-mode encryption and deep learning fluorescence imaging.","authors":"Dongdong Li, Qianqian Zhang, Qi Fan, Tongju Zheng, Zhiyu Zhang, Jiangbo She","doi":"10.1364/OL.569475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.569475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>, Nd<sup>3+</sup>Ln<sup>3+</sup> (Er<sup>3+</sup>, Tm<sup>3+</sup>)@NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup> core-shell upconversion luminescent (UCL) materials were prepared by combining the hydrothermal and epitaxial growth methods. Under the excitation of 980 nm laser, the prepared NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>, Nd<sup>3+</sup>, Er<sup>3+</sup>@NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup> UCL materials can emit green light, and NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>, Nd<sup>3+</sup>, Tm<sup>3+</sup>@NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup> UCL materials can emit blue light, respectively. Under the optimized Yb<sup>3+</sup> doping concentration, the luminescence intensity was enhanced by 16.54 and 17.56 times compared to the nucleus, respectively. Anti-counterfeiting ink was made using the resulting UCL materials as its source ingredient. First, through precise screen-printing techniques, we fabricated QR code patterns that demonstrated the unique luminescent characteristics of the core-shell UCL materials. Also, we implemented a Morse code-based dot-line combination pattern to demonstrate the practical application. Multi-level security features integrating structural (Morse code patterns) and information (QR codes) encryption were developed, significantly enhancing information protection reliability. Furthermore, a snowflake-patterned categorization recognition model was constructed through a residual neural network developed on PyCharm platform. This recognition system achieved 96.55% classification accuracy, demonstrating substantial technical advantages for advanced anti-counterfeiting authentication applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 19","pages":"5969-5972"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Light extraction efficiency enhancement of deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes using wafer-scale SiO<sub>2</sub>-based patterned dielectric nanostructures.","authors":"Yufan Wei, Maocheng Shan, Zhiwei Gao, Yongming Zhao, Zhencheng Li, Zhenyu Chen, Yuhui Zeng, Zhengang Liang, Xiantai Tian, Yang Peng, Feng Wu, Changqing Chen, Hao-Chung Kuo, Jiangnan Dai","doi":"10.1364/OL.574551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.574551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The progress of AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes is significantly limited by their unideal light extraction efficiency. In this work, a cost-efficient nanosphere lithography technique is utilized to fabricate wafer-scale SiO<sub>2</sub>-based patterned dielectric nanostructures on the backside of sapphire substrates. Mapping results and statistical analyses demonstrate a uniform optical power enhancement across the entire chip, and the average power can be increased by 16.7% with almost identical peak wavelength and slightly enhanced operating voltage. The light output power of the LEDs with the patterned film exhibits a substantial enhancement of 34.0% compared to conventional LEDs at an injected current of 330 mA, accompanied by a 1.34-fold increase in light extraction efficiency. Finite-difference time-domain simulations indicate that the nanostructures on the patterned film effectively weakened total internal reflection at the sapphire/air interface. The above results validate the scalability of this method for industrial mass production of high-power DUV LEDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 19","pages":"6133-6136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.569676
Jia-Li Zhu, Chun-Hui Zhang, Qin Wang
{"title":"Improved finite-size analysis for measurement-device-independent quantum digital signatures.","authors":"Jia-Li Zhu, Chun-Hui Zhang, Qin Wang","doi":"10.1364/OL.569676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.569676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantum digital signatures (QDS), based on the principles of quantum mechanics, provide information-theoretic security, ensuring the integrity, authenticity, and non-repudiation of data transmission. With current QDS protocols, measurement-device-independent QDS (MDI-QDS) can resist all attacks on detections, yet it suffers from finite-size effect. In previous schemes, the SOB-PE model is commonly adopted, in which the main idea is to sign only one bit at one time, resulting in a low signature rate. To solve this problem, we propose two parameter estimation models (SMB1-PE, SMB2-PE) for finite-size analysis to improve the performance. SMB1-PE and SMB2-PE models use<i>X</i>-basis or <i>Z</i>-basis data, respectively, to estimate the single-photon contributions of <i>Z</i>-basis. Simulation results show that SMB1-PE is least affected by the finite-size effect, effectively enhancing the signature rate. Therefore, our present can provide valuable references for practical applications of QDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 19","pages":"6245-6248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.572426
A V Elopov, K E Riumkin, S V Alyshev, A V Kharakhordin, A M Khegai, A N Denisov, E G Firstova, F V Afanasiev, A N Abramov, D S Lipatov, S V Firstov, M A Melkumov
{"title":"Effect of optical anisotropy of bismuth active centers on polarization properties of fiber laser at 1.46 µm.","authors":"A V Elopov, K E Riumkin, S V Alyshev, A V Kharakhordin, A M Khegai, A N Denisov, E G Firstova, F V Afanasiev, A N Abramov, D S Lipatov, S V Firstov, M A Melkumov","doi":"10.1364/OL.572426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.572426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A bismuth-doped fiber laser emitting optical radiation near 1.46 µm in two orthogonally polarized modes is presented. The laser was realized in an all-polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber configuration based on a gain medium with bismuth active centers associated with Si atoms (BACs-Si) and a fiber Bragg grating providing high reflectivity of two orthogonal polarizations. The single- and dual-polarized laser oscillations were achieved in various configurations. The polar plots of the laser output power in each mode as a function of pump polarization angle were obtained and analyzed. The conditions for achieving lasing in single- and dual-polarized modes were determined. In addition, the numerical model taking into account absorption and emission cross-section anisotropies of BACs-Si is proposed to study the behavior of the laser characteristics. The research can be useful for designing fiber laser sources with controllable polarization properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 19","pages":"6173-6176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.572571
Yi Li, Juqiang Wang, Zhongwen Wu
{"title":"Multipole mixing in spin polarization of Auger electrons following single-photon ionization of boronlike ions.","authors":"Yi Li, Juqiang Wang, Zhongwen Wu","doi":"10.1364/OL.572571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.572571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spin polarization of Auger electrons emitted in the nonradiative decay following 1<i>s</i> single-photon ionization of boronlike ions is studied using the density-matrix theory. Special attention is paid to the multipole mixing effect of the ionizing field on the spin polarization. It is found that the effect significantly weakens the spin polarization for heavy ions, which becomes more pronounced for heavier ions. Such a depolarization effect is analogous to but stronger than that observed in linear polarization of x-ray photons [Phys. Rev. Lett.105, 243002 (2010)10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.040403]. It provides evidence of depolarization in the spin polarization of Auger electrons. The obtained spin polarization and multipole mixing contribution are sufficiently large to be observed using a Mott polarimeter combined with an advanced light source, which could provide novel insights into electron-photon interaction in the presence of strong Coulomb fields. Beyond the fundamental significance, the finding holds potential applications in surface and material science due to the close connection between the spin polarization of Auger electrons and the magnetic properties of matter.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 19","pages":"6209-6212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.564621
Jie Wang, Yedong Niu, Mingxi Zhang, Haotian Wu, Jing Chen
{"title":"Dual polarization-independent quasi-BICs enabled by out-of-plane symmetry breaking in nanodisk tetramer metasurface.","authors":"Jie Wang, Yedong Niu, Mingxi Zhang, Haotian Wu, Jing Chen","doi":"10.1364/OL.564621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.564621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polarization-independent quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs) based on asymmetric all-dielectric metasurfaces have attracted significant attention due to their insensitivity to the polarization state of incident light. However, the conventional paradigm of in-plane symmetry breaking overlooks vertical design space, fundamentally limiting integration density and practical deployment in photonic systems. In this Letter, we present dual polarization-independent quasi-BIC resonances in a rotationally symmetric all-dielectric nanodisk tetramer metasurface. By introducing height perturbations in nanodisks along one diagonal, the out-of-plane symmetry breaking excites dual quasi-BIC resonances while enhancing structural compactness. We demonstrate that these resonant modes in the near-infrared exhibit flexible tunability through modulation of the asymmetry parameter. It is also found that the dual quasi-BIC resonances are polarization-independent through transmission spectra analysis. Multipole decomposition and near-field analysis reveal the formation mechanism of the dual quasi-BIC resonances. Additionally, the proposed metasurface exhibits remarkable sensing sensitivity of 311 nm/RIU and a figure of merit (FOM) of 1777.14 RIU<sup>-1</sup>. Our work holds significant promise for high-performance label-free sensing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 19","pages":"5933-5936"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.574821
Ming Gong, Li Liu, Nanxi Li, Qihang Zhang, Jiamin Liu, Honggang Gu, Shiyuan Liu
{"title":"Ptychographic Mueller matrix imaging: in-situ system calibration and evaluation.","authors":"Ming Gong, Li Liu, Nanxi Li, Qihang Zhang, Jiamin Liu, Honggang Gu, Shiyuan Liu","doi":"10.1364/OL.574821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.574821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calibration is crucial for accurate polarimetric systems. In this Letter, we propose a hybrid strategy to in-situ calibrate the ptychographic Mueller matrix imaging (PMMI) system [Opt. Lett.49, 6409 (2024)10.1364/OL.539100], extending our previous work. The proposed approach combines the eigenvalue calibration method to determine the polarimetric matrix of the polarization state generator, followed by a model-based calibration procedure to determine the polarimetric properties of the polarization state analyzer. With this strategy, the PMMI system can be in-situ calibrated within the actual operational configuration, which can effectively compensate the imperfections in polarization components and mounting errors. Experiments were conducted on a home-built PMMI prototype, and an isotropic USAF-1951 resolution target with theoretical identity Mueller matrix is tested to quantitatively evaluate the system performances. Experimental results indicate that after calibration, the measurement accuracy and precision of the imaging Mueller matrix are 0.01 and 0.005, respectively, and the measurement repeatability is 0.005. The proposed in-situ calibration technique and comprehensive system evaluation render the PMMI a powerful and quantitative tool for the characterization of nanomaterials and nanostructures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 19","pages":"6137-6140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"200-km multi-user fully connected quantum entanglement distribution network in noisy environments.","authors":"Yunlong Hou, Yilin Yang, Zhantong Qi, Hao Li, Yuanhua Li, Jia Lin, Yuanlin Zheng, Xianfeng Chen","doi":"10.1364/OL.569922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.569922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-distance entanglement distribution is a fundamental operation for achieving a large-scale and scalable fully connected quantum communication network. However, current entanglement distribution methods cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of increasing user numbers and distribution distances. Here, we develop a three-user fully connected entangled distribution quantum network in the experiment. We demonstrate that the self-made periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide can achieve a fidelity of over 96% for the entangled state shared between users in the network. The results show that by introducing additional noise, the fidelity of the entangled state shared between any two users in the network is still greater than 85% after completing entanglement distribution over 200 km, which is far higher than the fidelity without adding noise. Our work provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, approach and experimental basis for building a large-scale and scalable fully connected quantum communication network over long distances.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 19","pages":"6020-6023"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}