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Broadband shortwave infrared GeSn light-emitting diode at room temperature fabricated by exploring the Sn content gradient method. 利用探索锡含量梯度法制备室温下宽带短波红外GeSn发光二极管。
IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics letters Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1364/OL.561592
Jinlai Cui, Jun Zheng, Jiayi Li, Yiyang Wu, Renbi Zhao, Qinxing Huang, Zhi Liu, Yuhua Zuo, Buwen Cheng
{"title":"Broadband shortwave infrared GeSn light-emitting diode at room temperature fabricated by exploring the Sn content gradient method.","authors":"Jinlai Cui, Jun Zheng, Jiayi Li, Yiyang Wu, Renbi Zhao, Qinxing Huang, Zhi Liu, Yuhua Zuo, Buwen Cheng","doi":"10.1364/OL.561592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.561592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Broadband shortwave-infrared (SWIR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are highly sought after for various sensing applications. In this study, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, GeSn bandgap gradient structure to achieve broadband LEDs. We successfully fabricated GeSn LEDs that operate at room temperature and exhibit a broad emission spectrum by employing the Sn composition gradient technique. In the active layer, the Sn content gradually increased from 9% to 10.8%, resulting in electroluminescence (EL) ranging from 1700 to 2400 nm. Detailed spectral analysis revealed that the EL transition originates from the direct bandgap of GeSn. These findings suggest that the Sn composition gradient approach in GeSn structures holds significant promise for the development of wide-spectrum SWIR LEDs suitable for a range of sensing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4142-4145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Convex silica microlens arrays processed by a Bessel beam femtosecond laser. 贝塞尔光束飞秒激光加工凸硅微透镜阵列。
IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics letters Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1364/OL.564376
Shiyu Wang, Xiaojin Xu, Xianshi Jia, Yulong Ding, Zheng Gao, Xiang Jiang, Cong Wang
{"title":"Convex silica microlens arrays processed by a Bessel beam femtosecond laser.","authors":"Shiyu Wang, Xiaojin Xu, Xianshi Jia, Yulong Ding, Zheng Gao, Xiang Jiang, Cong Wang","doi":"10.1364/OL.564376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.564376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a key component of optical devices, the use of microlens arrays (MLAs) is becoming increasingly widespread, leading to deeper research on the materials and manufacturing processes of these microlens. The current microlens array processing methods have certain limitations in terms of stability and production efficiency. A method for fabricating convex silica microlens arrays using shaped femtosecond laser direct-writing is reported. The conversion of Gaussian beam to Bessel beam is induced by axicon (apex angle 176°, bottom angle 2°, refractive index 1.4533), and an anticircular beam intensity distribution with adjustable focal length is realized for precision ablation. The method employs horizontal and vertical removals with parameterized control of pulse energy (5-45 μJ) and scanning rate (0.4 mm/s), enabling single-step fabrication of 10 × 10 mm<sup>2</sup> MLAs within 1 h. The resultant MLAs exhibit exceptional optical performance, including broadband antireflection (2-4% reflectance at 200-1800 nm) and superhydrophobicity (150° contact angle at 20 μm periodicity). This technique addresses scalability limitations in hard transparent materials. It offers a streamlined solution for applications in beam shaping, optical communications, and harsh-environment imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4470-4473"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Extending the optical path of segmented circular multipass cells by reiteration of reflection patterns. 通过重复反射模式来扩展分段圆形多通单元的光路。
IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics letters Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1364/OL.559892
Lorenz Heilmann, Manuel Graf, Alex Weitnauer, Lukas Emmenegger, Béla Tuzson
{"title":"Extending the optical path of segmented circular multipass cells by reiteration of reflection patterns.","authors":"Lorenz Heilmann, Manuel Graf, Alex Weitnauer, Lukas Emmenegger, Béla Tuzson","doi":"10.1364/OL.559892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.559892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This Letter presents a novel, to the best of our knowledge, design element for the segmented circular multipass cell (SC-MPC) concept, which enables a substantial increase in optical path length without enlarging the cell footprint or sampling volume. It features a specific tilt of individual mirror segments within the cell to repeatedly redirect the laser beam propagation from one starlike pattern to another, thereby achieving multiple uses of mirror segments. We present the theoretical foundations, outline the pattern selection process, and characterize the resulting individually tilted segmented circular multipass cell (iSC-MPC) in a spectroscopic setting. The results demonstrate optical performance comparable to classical two-mirror long-path length absorption cells, but within a substantially smaller footprint. This compactness offers an inherent mechanical stability and robustness paired with high versatility, which makes the iSC-MPC highly potential for a wide range of applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4158-4161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hybrid readout scheme for time delay reservoir computing using a semiconductor laser. 用半导体激光器计算延时储存库的混合读出方案。
IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics letters Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1364/OL.566197
Shuangquan Gu, Pei Zhou, Kuenyao Lau, Nianqiang Li
{"title":"Hybrid readout scheme for time delay reservoir computing using a semiconductor laser.","authors":"Shuangquan Gu, Pei Zhou, Kuenyao Lau, Nianqiang Li","doi":"10.1364/OL.566197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.566197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reservoir computing (RC) based on laser dynamics has emerged as a promising computational framework due to its simplicity and low-cost training. However, the majority is constructing virtual nodes based solely on optical intensity (OI) after photodetection, and the performance relies on the node number, which usually results in the laser reservoir with a long feedback loop. This Letter presents and investigates numerically a hybrid readout RC system based on a single semiconductor laser with optical feedback. Unlike previous reports, we here integrate both OI and terminal voltage (TV) signals to improve performance on the Santa Fe time-series prediction task for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Firstly, simulations show that reservoirs constructed by sampling virtual nodes from TV perform comparably to those conventional approaches based solely on OI. Notably, TV-only sampling bypasses the need for photoelectric conversion, reducing the cost and complexity of the RC system. Secondly, by combining OI and TV signals to construct virtual nodes, the system effectively doubles the number of nodes without altering the physical architecture, significantly enhancing the computational performance. Thirdly, as this novel, to our knowledge, hybrid approach also offers acceptable computing performance similar to those only sampling TV or OI signals in a semiconductor laser with a feedback loop double the length, twice the original processing speed can be expected.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4210-4213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metasurface-enabled grafted perfect vector vortex beams with trigonometric-function topological charges for high-capacity optical encryption. 基于三角函数拓扑电荷的高容量光学加密的超表面接枝完美矢量涡旋光束。
IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics letters Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1364/OL.566465
Tianhang Chen, Xinyang Li, Zheng-Da Hu, Jingjing Wu, Jicheng Wang
{"title":"Metasurface-enabled grafted perfect vector vortex beams with trigonometric-function topological charges for high-capacity optical encryption.","authors":"Tianhang Chen, Xinyang Li, Zheng-Da Hu, Jingjing Wu, Jicheng Wang","doi":"10.1364/OL.566465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.566465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perfect vector vortex beams, distinguished by their unique polarization states and vortex characteristics, have recently become a central focus in advanced photonics research. However, the generation of these vector beams has been limited by static topological charge (TC) configurations and restricted information encryption capabilities. Herein, we present a metasurface-based method employing trigonometric-function topological engineering to generate grafted perfect vector vortex beams (GPVVBs). Through computational analysis, we establish the relationship between the rotation angle and continuously tunable TCs. By dynamically adjusting fractional-order beams through polarizer rotation, we achieve customizable field distributions. Furthermore, we demonstrate the application of GPVVBs in multichannel optical encryption, where the grafted continuous TCs considerably enhance information encryption capacity. This innovative method introduces unprecedented flexibility and holds transformative potential for both optical encryption and high-density communications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4214-4217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phase shifting through the diffraction orders of spatial coherence. 空间相干衍射阶的相移。
IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics letters Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1364/OL.566071
Haneen V N, Dinesh N Naik
{"title":"Phase shifting through the diffraction orders of spatial coherence.","authors":"Haneen V N, Dinesh N Naik","doi":"10.1364/OL.566071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.566071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A dynamic diffractive optical element like a moving grating introduces phase shift in the diffraction orders of the field under coherent illumination. We explore the possibility of introducing phase shifts when the illumination is spatially incoherent, utilizing the diffraction of optical coherence. A phase shift to the diffraction order of spatial coherence corresponds to an equivalent phase shift between two non-local points in the stochastic field propagated from the source. Under stationarity, it can lead to a phase shift in the sheared copies of the stochastic optical field. This phase shifting requires no additional splitting or distinguishability of the field, enabling a common-path design for the interferometer schemes. Furthermore, the shear values matching with higher orders of diffraction of spatial coherence are shown to introduce a larger phase shift. Experimental validation and application of the technique in phase-gradient measurement are demonstrated using common-path Sagnac radial and lateral shearing interferometers, respectively, with the added advantage of mitigation of coherence effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4278-4281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polarization-insensitive 90° optical hybrid on the thin-film lithium niobate platform. 铌酸锂薄膜平台上偏光不敏感的90°光学杂化。
IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics letters Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1364/OL.559388
Yuqiong Chen, Haolei Feng, Qianqian Jia, Jianguo Liu, Yujie Lu, Jing Zhang, Jinye Li
{"title":"Polarization-insensitive 90° optical hybrid on the thin-film lithium niobate platform.","authors":"Yuqiong Chen, Haolei Feng, Qianqian Jia, Jianguo Liu, Yujie Lu, Jing Zhang, Jinye Li","doi":"10.1364/OL.559388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.559388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We propose a simple polarization-insensitive 90° optical hybrid on the thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform. The design comprises one 1 × 2 multimode interference (MMI) coupler, three 2 × 2 MMI couplers, and crossing waveguides, effectively reducing the excitation of higher-order modes. By optimizing the length of the 2 × 2 MMI to balance the beat length difference between transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes, polarization-insensitive transmission across the entire C-band was achieved. The device exhibits a <5° phase error for TE/TM modes, a <1 dB excess loss, and a >34 dB common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) over the 1530-1565 nm range. Capable of direct integration with on-chip photodetectors (PDs), this design holds significant potential for applications in coherent receivers integrated with polarization-division multiplexing (PDM).</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4418-4421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Population inversion and optical parametric process hybrid stable near-infrared laser with a narrow spectral width. 一种窄谱宽稳定近红外激光器。
IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics letters Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1364/OL.558991
Xuechen Cao, Yanan Chen, Fengjian Duan, Pixian Jin, Fang Li, Huadong Lu
{"title":"Population inversion and optical parametric process hybrid stable near-infrared laser with a narrow spectral width.","authors":"Xuechen Cao, Yanan Chen, Fengjian Duan, Pixian Jin, Fang Li, Huadong Lu","doi":"10.1364/OL.558991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.558991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Near-infrared (NIR) light sources are widely applied in fundamental research, nonlinear frequency conversions, and practical applications. In this Letter, a population inversion and optical parametric process (OPP) hybrid stable tunable NIR laser with a narrow spectral width is presented first, to the best of our knowledge. By combining the population inversion with the OPP in a single resonator, the pulse width can be narrowed, and the pulse timing jitter (PTJ) of the output laser can be significantly reduced. On this basis, a narrow spectral width ns NIR laser with a tuning range of 764.90-873.43 nm is achieved. When the operating wavelength is tuned to 830 nm, the maximal output power and the spectral width are 7.75 W and 400.93 MHz, respectively. Especially, the standard deviation (STD) of the PTJ was reduced to 2.285 ns. The presented method can pave the way to implement a compact and locking-control-free high-power and narrow spectral width stable laser.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4374-4377"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
120 Gbit/s PDM-16QAM terahertz signal over 850 m using 2 × 2 MIMO links and advanced DSPs. 120 Gbit/s PDM-16QAM太赫兹信号，超过850米，使用2 × 2 MIMO链路和先进的dsp。
IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics letters Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1364/OL.567762
Weiping Li, Jianjun Yu, Xianming Zhao, Xin Lu, Yi Wei, Wen Zhou, Min Zhu, Jiao Zhang, Kaihui Wang, Feng Zhao, Jianguo Yu
{"title":"120 Gbit/s PDM-16QAM terahertz signal over 850 m using 2 × 2 MIMO links and advanced DSPs.","authors":"Weiping Li, Jianjun Yu, Xianming Zhao, Xin Lu, Yi Wei, Wen Zhou, Min Zhu, Jiao Zhang, Kaihui Wang, Feng Zhao, Jianguo Yu","doi":"10.1364/OL.567762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.567762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The wireless range and data capacity of photonics terahertz (THz) communication systems above 300 GHz are limited by outdoor environmental challenges, including high atmospheric attenuation, water absorption, and efficiency limitations of optical-to-electrical conversion. In this Letter, we have showcased a dual-channel 2 × 2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system achieving a record 120 Gbit/s polarization-division multiplexing 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (PDM-16QAM) signal delivery over a wireless distance of 850 m at 300 GHz based on polarization multiplexing and advanced digital signal processing (DSP) technology. This demonstrates the largest <i>rate-distance</i> (R-D) product of 88,655 Gbit/s*m globally. Our work marks a significant step toward achieving high-capacity (over 100 Gbit/s) long-distance (kilometer-level) THz-wave communication. These research results are expected to serve as a low-cost and basic communication system technology for promising backhaul wireless communications in the 6G era.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4482-4485"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bending-insensitive doughnut beam generation using a polarization-maintaining fiber mode-selective coupler. 使用保偏光纤模式选择耦合器产生弯曲不敏感的环形光束。
IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理
Optics letters Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1364/OL.562847
Yihan Zhao, ZhengWei Zhang, JingYu Cui, ZhuoNan Chen, FuFei Pang, XiangLong Zeng, JianFeng Sun
{"title":"Bending-insensitive doughnut beam generation using a polarization-maintaining fiber mode-selective coupler.","authors":"Yihan Zhao, ZhengWei Zhang, JingYu Cui, ZhuoNan Chen, FuFei Pang, XiangLong Zeng, JianFeng Sun","doi":"10.1364/OL.562847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.562847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-stability doughnut beams propagating in the fibers are characterized as high-order modes, which have been widely exploited for optical tweezers, high-capacity fiber communication, and precision metrology. We experimentally demonstrate bending-insensitive doughnut beam generation based on a polarization-maintaining mode-selective coupler (PM-MSC). Efficient LP<sub>01</sub>-LP<sub>11</sub> mode conversion (>95%) at 532 nm is achieved with a polarization extinction ratio (PER) of >17 dB and LP11<i>a</i>/<i>b</i><i>x</i>/<i>y</i> modes are separated with different fiber coupler configurations. Two all-fiber mode schemes for generating doughnut beams, including orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes through 45° fusion splicing and bending-insensitive doughnut beams via incoherent superposition of LP11<i>a</i>/<i>b</i><i>x</i>/<i>y</i> modes, are investigated based on the proposed PM-MSCs. Stable doughnut intensity profiles are maintained under different bending radii with strong environmental stabilization. The bending-insensitive doughnut beams are desired due to their transversal intensity, phase, and polarization distributions, which provide attractive solutions for free-space communications, quantum entanglement distribution, and adaptive microscopy, particularly in polarization-sensitive scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4242-4245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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