Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.574338
Vlatko Gašparić, David Zopf, Thomas G Mayerhöfer, Jürgen Popp, Mile Ivanda
{"title":"Microsphere-assisted Raman scattering enhancement by photonic nanojet: the role of the collection system.","authors":"Vlatko Gašparić, David Zopf, Thomas G Mayerhöfer, Jürgen Popp, Mile Ivanda","doi":"10.1364/OL.574338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.574338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of a microlens to create a strong and narrow beam of light called a photonic nanojet (PNJ) has attracted a lot of attention in the scientific community lately. Especially important is its use for Raman scattering enhancement. However, its mechanism is still not clear. While research in the literature has so far concentrated on the excitation part of the problem (PNJ), we investigate the role of the collection system for the enhancement. Detailed and systematic vertical Raman imaging measurements were performed. By experimental optimization of the collection system parameters, up to 19.29× enhancement was achieved. A simple theoretical model is created that calculates the effective numerical aperture (NA<sub>eff</sub>) of the microsphere-objective system, from which it computes the enhancement. The comparison between the experimentally measured enhancement and the calculated enhancement from the model shows that the collection system plays a major role. The model surprisingly well matches the experimental data, and with possible improvements in the future, it could open a new door in explaining and predicting microsphere-assisted Raman enhancement.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 19","pages":"6012-6015"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.575751
Rui Sun, Yi Ding, Jiaye Kuang, Jingjing Cheng, Ryszard Buczynski, Wenzhong Liu
{"title":"Non-phase-shift Fourier single-pixel imaging with conjugate symmetry of the Fourier spectrum and ADMM-based image inpainting.","authors":"Rui Sun, Yi Ding, Jiaye Kuang, Jingjing Cheng, Ryszard Buczynski, Wenzhong Liu","doi":"10.1364/OL.575751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.575751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To decrease the number of phase-shift patterns of Fourier single-pixel imaging (FSPI), we present a non-phase-shift FSPI method. In this method, we use only the 0 phase-shift patterns to reconstruct the top and bottom halves of the image separately and then stitch them together to form a complete image. In addition, an image inpainting method based on the alternating direction method of multipliers is adopted to erase the stitching mark. The imaging quality of the proposed non-phase-shift FSPI is similar to multiple-step FSPI. Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 19","pages":"6169-6172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.569255
Weifeng Ding, Chaokai Yang, Zhaoying Wang
{"title":"Time geometric spin Hall effect of a spatiotemporal optical vortex.","authors":"Weifeng Ding, Chaokai Yang, Zhaoying Wang","doi":"10.1364/OL.569255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.569255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paper unveils the time geometric spin Hall effect of light (TGSHEL), a new phenomenon of spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOVs). Through the Lorentz transformation, we demonstrate how the energy center of STOVs experiences a transverse displacement that is distinct from the conventional geometric spin Hall effect of light (GSHEL). Our theoretical insights are corroborated by numerical simulations, revealing that the TGSHEL amplifies with increased velocities and topological charge. We elucidate the physical basis of TGSHEL, linking the displacement to the interaction between intrinsic and extrinsic orbital angular momentum. The discovery of TGSHEL enriches our comprehension of light's geometric properties in space-time.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 19","pages":"5965-5968"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.568702
Olga Koritsoglou, Guillaume Duchateau, Olivier Utéza, Alexandros Mouskeftaras
{"title":"Pulse energy scaling of femtosecond laser-generated stress waves inside fused silica.","authors":"Olga Koritsoglou, Guillaume Duchateau, Olivier Utéza, Alexandros Mouskeftaras","doi":"10.1364/OL.568702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.568702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Femtosecond laser-generated stress waves play a crucial role in processing transparent materials. However, their dependence on laser pulse energy, a key processing parameter, remains unclear. To investigate this, we employ a pump-probe microscope-polariscope with in situ laser intensity imaging, complemented by multiphysics-multiscale numerical simulations. Our study examines single-shot irradiation inside fused silica using 360-fs, 1030-nm laser pulses with energies ranging from 250 nJ to several μJ. We observe a logarithmic scaling of the principal stress difference, governed by peak intensity clamping, in quantitative agreement with simulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 19","pages":"6113-6116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cost-effective ultra-depth-of-field Fourier ptychographic microscopy.","authors":"Nian Pan, Jingchuan Zuo, Xiuwen Wang, Qun Hao, Shaohui Zhang","doi":"10.1364/OL.572022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.572022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is a promising computational imaging technique that achieves high space-bandwidth product (SBP) quantitative complex amplitude imaging through synergistic integration of phase retrieval and synthetic aperture methodologies. However, conventional FPM struggles with defocusing issues when the sample exhibits non-planar distribution characteristics or is positioned at a non-ideal pose, which can cause the sample to be beyond the system's focal range, degrading the quality of the reconstructed image. In this paper, we propose a cost-effective solution to achieve ultra-depth of field (DOF) FPM. With the defocus distance calculated from the lateral shift under oblique illumination, we can drive a photographic lens, which serves as a tunable tube lens, to refocus along the axial direction. By computationally fusing reconstructed images acquired at distinct focal planes using FPM, the system achieves ultra-DOF while preserving native imaging performance. Experimental results show that the DOF of a 10× objective with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.25 can be significantly extended from 9.24 μm to 300 μm, achieving an improvement of up to 30 times.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 19","pages":"6032-6035"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.574002
Mostafa I Mohamed, Amala Jose, Aurélien Coillet, Patrice Tchofo Dinda, Nithyanandan Kanagaraj, Philippe Grelu
{"title":"Highly dispersive energy-managed soliton fiber laser.","authors":"Mostafa I Mohamed, Amala Jose, Aurélien Coillet, Patrice Tchofo Dinda, Nithyanandan Kanagaraj, Philippe Grelu","doi":"10.1364/OL.574002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.574002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a 2-μm all-fiber laser in which a highly chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) sets the net cavity dispersion to -100.9 ps<sup>2</sup>. Within an energy-managed laser architecture, this large anomalous dispersion enables the mode-locking of energetic and narrow-band pulses featuring: 17.8 nJ energy, 15.2 ps duration, and 0.36 nm bandwidth. These results validate that mode-locked laser oscillators incorporating CFBGs can generate picosecond pulses in the 2-μm wavelength region and demonstrate that, when combined with energy management, simultaneous scaling of pulse duration and energy is achieved. Experimental observations are well reproduced by numerical simulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 19","pages":"6101-6104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Watt-level single-frequency lasing enabled by an Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped fluoride fiber ring oscillator at 2.79 μm.","authors":"Yuanbao Zhang, Hongyu Luo, Chenhao Sun, Xinying Tan, Xiangyu Zhao, Jianfeng Li, Yong Liu","doi":"10.1364/OL.576990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.576990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this Letter, we present watt-level single-frequency (SF) mid-infrared (MIR) laser generation directly from a fiber oscillator, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Based on the high-gain ~2.8 μm Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped fluoride fiber platform, a unidirectional ring cavity has been employed to eliminate the detrimental spatial hole burning effect, thereby suppressing, to some extent, mode hopping and multi-longitudinal-mode behaviors, while a germanium etalon and a diffraction grating are incorporated into the cavity to realize single longitudinal mode selection based on their combined filtering effects. Ultimately, stable SF lasing at 2.79 μm with a maximum power of 1.16 W has been achieved, exhibiting a linewidth narrower than 500 kHz. This work highlights the great potential of the fluoride fiber ring oscillator for generating high-power SF MIR laser.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 19","pages":"6249-6252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.572825
Tong Li, Yaping Liu, Zhiqun Yang, Zhanhua Huang, Lin Zhang
{"title":"Low-loss, gap-filling, nested, anti-resonant nodeless fiber in the ultraviolet band.","authors":"Tong Li, Yaping Liu, Zhiqun Yang, Zhanhua Huang, Lin Zhang","doi":"10.1364/OL.572825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.572825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We propose what we believe to be a novel low-loss, gap-filling, nested, anti-resonant nodeless fiber (GF-NANF) designed for ultraviolet (UV) applications. The GF-NANF achieves loss reduction by integrating nested tubes and gap-filling structures. Our results show that the GF-NANF reduces confinement loss by four orders of magnitude to 2.29 × 10<sup>-5 </sup>dB/m, and propagation loss by two orders of magnitude to 1.64 × 10<sup>-2 </sup>dB/m, at 355 nm, when compared to an ARF of the same design that lacks both gap-filling cladding tubes and nested cladding tubes. Additionally, the fiber shows simulated low bending losses of 1.01 × 10<sup>-4 </sup>dB/m at a 10-cm bending radius and 1.40 × 10<sup>-3 </sup>dB/m at 5 cm, representing a reduction by approximately three orders of magnitude compared to the NANF without gap-filling tubes. Notably, at a bending radius of 10 cm, the GF-NANF maintains quite low bending losses below 1.2 × 10<sup>-4 </sup>dB/m across all bending orientations from 0° to 360°, significantly lower than that of structures without gap-filling tubes, exhibiting its suitability for UV optical systems requiring high efficiency and operation flexibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 19","pages":"6157-6160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.574719
Chunshuang Chu, Longyu Wang, Yan Li, Yonghui Zhang, Ke Jiang, Xiaojuan Sun, Dabing Li, Zi-Hui Zhang
{"title":"Investigating the impact of substrate defects on Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/GaN-based ultraviolet photodetector by designing a common-connected electrode.","authors":"Chunshuang Chu, Longyu Wang, Yan Li, Yonghui Zhang, Ke Jiang, Xiaojuan Sun, Dabing Li, Zi-Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1364/OL.574719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.574719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/GaN hybrid ultraviolet (UV) photodetector (PD) has photon-carriers generated in the Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> region and transported in the GaN layer. In this work, by designing Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/GaN UV PD with a gate metal on the Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> surface, common-connected with the cathode on the GaN layer, we have revealed that the impact of substrate defects in the GaN region on the photo-generated carrier transport is significant for Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/GaN UV PD. As a result, we have observed asymmetric current in terms of the anode bias of different polarities. According to our measurement, the photocurrent of 8.81 × 10<sup>-5</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>/2.34 × 10<sup>-5</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>, the responsivity of 6.65 A/W/1.16 A/W, the rise time of 1.07 s/1.14 s, and the fall time of 1.16 s/1.35 s are achieved at the anode bias of -6 V/+6 V, respectively. When the anode is biased positively, the poorer performances are well attributed to the substrate defects, such that Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/GaN UV PD pushes the photo-generated carriers deep into the more defected GaN substrate region. This observation is further proven by the developed physical models.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 19","pages":"5957-5960"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.575004
Hongmei Guo, Rong Huang, Yulu Sun, Yurong Cao, Yong-Hong Ye
{"title":"Imaging properties of microsphere-assisted microscopy under transmitted illumination.","authors":"Hongmei Guo, Rong Huang, Yulu Sun, Yurong Cao, Yong-Hong Ye","doi":"10.1364/OL.575004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.575004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microsphere-assisted microscopy (MAM) is a label-free super-resolution imaging technique based on traditional optical microscopy, but the current research usually chooses reflected illumination (RI). In this work, the effects of microsphere size, refractive index, and immersion environment on the imaging properties of MAM in imaging a 300-nm-period grating sample under transmitted illumination (TI) are systematically investigated. The experimental results reveal that under TI, microspheres with a smaller size exhibit higher resolution, and microspheres with a higher refractive index show higher magnification in imaging. Under three immersion conditions (in the air, partial immersion, and full immersion in an SU-8 film), lower refractive index SiO<sub>2</sub> microspheres (partial immersion) and higher refractive index BaTiO<sub>3</sub> glass microspheres (full immersion) can obtain higher contrast and resolution in imaging. Despite the difference in illumination modes, the imaging properties of MAM under TI and RI are similar. Specifically, the relative refractive index between the microsphere and the surrounding environment affects the magnification, while the contrast is strongly influenced by the interfacial reflection and the relative refractive index between the microsphere and the surrounding medium. The magnification and resolution of MAM are also related to photonic nanojet (PNJ) of the microsphere. When the full width at half-maximum of the PNJ is narrow and the PNJ is close to the surface of the microsphere, it is beneficial for improving resolution. Our findings can help to reveal the underlying mechanisms of MAM and promote its practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 19","pages":"6225-6228"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}