Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.566556
Seth N Lowry, Matthew E Reid, Christopher M Collier
{"title":"Dichroism mapping at terahertz frequencies via polarization-sensitive computational imaging.","authors":"Seth N Lowry, Matthew E Reid, Christopher M Collier","doi":"10.1364/OL.566556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.566556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An efficient terahertz (THz) single pixel computational imaging system is implemented to spatially map the dichroism of an anisotropic fiber distribution in wood. Current terahertz non-destructive evaluation systems have yet to be adopted in industry due to expensive and fragile components or long acquisition times. The demonstrated terahertz single pixel imager involves durable and inexpensive components and simple optical alignment with the ability to efficiently acquire polarization-resolved terahertz images of wood products-vital for wood grain inspection. Polarizing <i>S</i>-cyclic Hadamard mask patterns with dimensions of 17 × 19 are used to spatially encode the 0.29 THz imaging beam. A spruce sample is imaged for azimuthal rotations, providing a comprehensive dichroism analysis. The determined dichroism is within the accuracy of traditional terahertz time-domain spectroscopy systems while avoiding drawbacks of terahertz inspection systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4402-4405"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.562981
Dingwei Chen, Junichi Takahara
{"title":"Enhancement of excitonic absorption in WS<sub>2</sub> mediated by Huygens Si metasurfaces.","authors":"Dingwei Chen, Junichi Takahara","doi":"10.1364/OL.562981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.562981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excitons in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides are essential in optical responses. However, the absorption intensity remains limited at room temperature. This study presents a Huygens Si metasurface (MS) platform to enhance WS<sub>2</sub> excitonic absorption via coherent coupling and degenerate critical coupling (DCC), achieving near-unity total absorption up to 0.90. Different Mie modes contributed to this enhancement, originating from distinct physical effects. Notably, we demonstrated Miexcitons and observed an anticrossing phenomenon between the excitons and electric dipole (ED) mode induced by the coherent coupling. The intensity of the coherent coupling was significantly amplified by the DCC, resulting in an 18-fold increase in WS<sub>2</sub> absorption compared to that on a Si substrate. This platform provides a promising approach for advancing light-exciton interactions and the development of optical devices using 2D semiconductors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4246-4249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intrusion detection-embedded chaotic encryption via hybrid modulation for data center interconnects.","authors":"Wenjun Zeng, Chongfu Zhang, Xinshuai Liang, Jiebing Xia, Yue Lin, Yiting Lin","doi":"10.1364/OL.566608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.566608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We propose a chaotic encryption scheme embedded with intrusion detection to safeguard against unauthorized optical access in data center interconnects (DCIs). A hybrid modulation scheme is designed, combining two different modulation methods to achieve dynamic spectral efficiency by adjusting a segmentation parameter. Furthermore, a chaotic hybrid symbol permutation method is introduced to disrupt the distribution characteristics of the constellation sets. An intrusion detection mechanism based on two-stage constellation same-set ratio testing is proposed, using confidence intervals to distinguish between legitimate and unauthorized signals. Finally, the encrypted 56 Gbaud signal is verified over an 80 km link. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively detect unauthorized optical access and provide adjustable spectral efficiency, thereby enhancing the resistance of DCIs to optical intrusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4450-4453"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.562186
Andrei V Ermolaev, Mathilde Hary, Lev Leybov, Piotr Ryczkowski, Anas Skalli, Daniel Brunner, Goëry Genty, John M Dudley
{"title":"Limits of nonlinear and dispersive fiber propagation for an optical fiber-based extreme learning machine.","authors":"Andrei V Ermolaev, Mathilde Hary, Lev Leybov, Piotr Ryczkowski, Anas Skalli, Daniel Brunner, Goëry Genty, John M Dudley","doi":"10.1364/OL.562186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.562186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation simulation model of an extreme learning machine (ELM) based on optical fiber propagation. Using the MNIST handwritten digit dataset as a benchmark, we study how accuracy depends on propagation dynamics, as well as parameters governing spectral encoding, readout, and noise. For this dataset and with quantum noise limited input, test accuracies of over 91% and 93% are found for propagation in the anomalous and normal dispersion regimes, respectively. Our results also suggest that quantum noise on the input pulses introduces an intrinsic penalty to ELM performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4166-4169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Size-dependent photon scattering effects in AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet LEDs with varied length-to-width ratios.","authors":"Liu Wang, Yuling Wu, Chunshuang Chu, KangKai Tian, Xuecheng Wei, Jianchang Yan, Yonghui Zhang, Zi-Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1364/OL.565827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.565827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, we investigate systematically the effect of the mesa L/W ratio on the optical performance of DUV LEDs. The results indicate that as the L/W ratio increases, the large-sized DUV LEDs achieve a higher LEE, whereas the small-sized DUV LEDs exhibit a lower LEE. The abnormal phenomenon can be attributed to the fact that the different scattering mechanisms occur for large and small chips at varying L/W ratios. For large-sized chips, when the L/W ratio increases, the amount of light propagating to the incline sidewall and directly reflected into the escape cone of the bottom out-light plane increases, thereby enhancing the bottom LEE. In addition, the increased sapphire sidewall area leads to more light escaping through the sapphire side, which increases the LEE from the chip side. For small-sized chips, some light escapes from the side of the sapphire at a low L/W ratio. However, when the L/W ratio increases, this portion of the light is directly reflected by the inclined sidewall of the mesa and eventually absorbed by GaN and the top metal, resulting in decreased LEE. These findings can provide essential geometry design principles for DUV LEDs of various sizes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4270-4273"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.565291
Chaojun Shi, Meng Liang, Lei Wang, Yunlong Liu, Wenjun Wang, Shuhong Li
{"title":"Symmetric waveguide structure improves the amplified spontaneous emission characteristics of BUBD-1 molecules.","authors":"Chaojun Shi, Meng Liang, Lei Wang, Yunlong Liu, Wenjun Wang, Shuhong Li","doi":"10.1364/OL.565291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.565291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Symmetric waveguides (SWGs) and asymmetric waveguides (AWGs) with CBP/BUBD-1 blend filmsas the light-emitting layer were prepared. The upper and lower cladding were PMMA and PEDOT:PSS films with/without silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), and the effects of different waveguide modes on the luminescence and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) properties of CBP/BUBD-1 blend films were studied. Among the SWG structures containing Ag NPs, the CBP/BUBD-1 blend film obtained the strongest ASE characteristics, achieving an ASE threshold of 0.5 µJ/pulse and a net gain factor of 22.88 cm<sup>-1</sup>. The results show that the SWG structure limits the transmission of light in the waveguide, and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect on the surface of Ag NPs enhances the luminescence of the blend film, and the synergistic effect of the two enhances the ASE performance of the blend film.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4266-4269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.562369
Wei Wang, Xiaofang Zhang, Ningjuan Ruan, Jingjing Ge, Zhonghai He
{"title":"Co-phase errors simultaneous detection for optical sparse aperture systems via deep learning.","authors":"Wei Wang, Xiaofang Zhang, Ningjuan Ruan, Jingjing Ge, Zhonghai He","doi":"10.1364/OL.562369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.562369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the sparse structure of the optical sparse aperture systems, co-phasing is crucial for achieving high resolution. In practice, tip-tilt errors affect the piston error, necessitating step-by-step detection, reducing efficiency, and most existing methods focus on detecting single-type co-phase error. In this Letter, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, piston and tip-tilt errors simultaneous detection method using both the object-independent feature map (FM) related to optical transfer function (OTF) and deep learning. Firstly, we theoretically derived the relationship between the OTF and co-phase errors, demonstrating that tip-tilt errors detection is unaffected by piston error, while obtaining piston error requires prior error separation. Secondly, we employ a separation network to obtain a separated FM containing only piston error from the original FM, thereby eliminating interference from tip-tilt errors and enabling accurate detection. Finally, by integrating the original and separated FMs as inputs to our proposed detection network, piston and tip-tilt errors can be detected simultaneously. Once trained, the networks require only a single original FM input. Simulations demonstrate that our proposed method achieves high detection accuracy and robust performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4426-4429"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing the performance of MgO:PPLN-based optical parametric oscillators with variable-temperature wavelength tuning using a 405 nm laser.","authors":"Chongyang Xu, Bangyan Hu, Kun Zhang, Yifan Chen, Hongquan Yao, Bing Wu, Jingyi Ge, Xinjie Lv, Jian Ning, Gang Zhao, Shining Zhu","doi":"10.1364/OL.564432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.564432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, we significantly and comprehensively enhanced the performance of the optical parametric oscillator (OPO) utilizing temperature elevation for precise wavelength adjustment assisted by a 405 nm laser. This approach works because the irradiation of the MgO:PPLN crystal with a 405 nm laser can alleviate the cavity mode mismatch caused by the pyroelectric-induced photorefractive effect in the crystal, thereby improving the performance of the OPO. The linewidths of the signal and idler light have been narrowed, exhibiting a small spectral bandwidth. The beam quality of the signal light has been significantly improved. The root mean square power fluctuation of the idler light has been reduced to below 1%, and the conversion efficiency has also increased to varying degrees. These results indicate a comprehensive enhancement of the OPO performance. This type of OPO, which maintains high robustness after precise wavelength tuning, is expected to find widespread applications in areas such as gas detection, photocatalysis, and communications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4462-4465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.566920
Hao Cheng, Ruolong Lin, Ran An, Jiaxuan Wang, Yuting Ren, Shilong Li, Xiangming Kong, Xuesong Duan, Hongyu Xing, Wenjiang Ye
{"title":"Field-induced 1D/2D switchable grating based on a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal.","authors":"Hao Cheng, Ruolong Lin, Ran An, Jiaxuan Wang, Yuting Ren, Shilong Li, Xiangming Kong, Xuesong Duan, Hongyu Xing, Wenjiang Ye","doi":"10.1364/OL.566920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.566920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This letter proposes a 1D/2D switchable grating that is fabricated by injecting a mixture of polymer and liquid crystal (LC) into a LC cell with in-plane switching (IPS) electrodes and using a photomask for polymer-induced phase separation. The switching between 1D and 2D gratings is achieved through an external electric field. In the absence of an external electric field, a 1D polymer dispersed LC (PDLC) grating is presented; under the presence of an external electric field, the PDLC grating couples with the IPS electrode to form a 2D grating. It features a low driving voltage, low saturation voltage, and fast response. It is worth noting that since the 1D/2D switchable grating is composed of two independent gratings coupled together, it is not limited by the period and angle of conventional 2D gratings. The period size and fringe direction of the two gratings can be adjusted by replacing the IPS electrode or PDLC grating, thereby forming diverse diffraction patterns, which has great potential in photonics applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4218-4221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optics lettersPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1364/OL.565864
Changjin Son, Samuel Peana, Owen Matthiessen, Artem Kryvobok, Alexander Senichev, Alexandra Boltasseva, Vladimir M Shalaev, Maria Chekhova
{"title":"Generation of photon pairs through spontaneous four-wave mixing in subwavelength nonlinear films.","authors":"Changjin Son, Samuel Peana, Owen Matthiessen, Artem Kryvobok, Alexander Senichev, Alexandra Boltasseva, Vladimir M Shalaev, Maria Chekhova","doi":"10.1364/OL.565864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.565864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pairs of entangled photons are crucial for photonic quantum technologies. The demand for integrability and multi-functionality suggests \"flat\" platforms-ultrathin layers and metasurfaces-as sources of photon pairs. Despite the success in the demonstration of spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) from such sources, there are almost no works on spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM)-an alternative process to generate photon pairs. Meanwhile, SFWM can be implemented in any nanostructures, including ones made of isotropic materials, which are easier to fabricate than crystalline SPDC sources. Here, we investigate photon pair generation through SFWM in subwavelength films of amorphous silicon nitride (SiN) with varying nitrogen content. For all samples, we demonstrate two-photon quantum correlations, indicated by the normalized second-order correlation function <i>g</i><sup>(2)</sup>(0): it exceeds 2 and decays as the pump power increases. By observing two-photon interference between SFWM from the SiN films and the fused silica (FS) substrate, we find the third-order susceptibilities of films with different nitrogen content.</p>","PeriodicalId":19540,"journal":{"name":"Optics letters","volume":"50 13","pages":"4434-4437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}