Open Forum Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir on Short- and Long-term Adverse Outcomes From COVID-19 Among Patients With Kidney Disease: A Propensity Score-Matched Study: Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024 Dec 31;12(1):ofae756. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofae756.","authors":"Stanley A Rubin","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaf480","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 9","pages":"ofaf480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12449218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Shorter Better in Oncology Patients, Too? A Retrospective Cohort Study of Short- Versus Long-Course Antibiotic Therapy for Uncomplicated Infections in Solid Tumor Patients Receiving Care in Ambulatory Oncology Clinics.","authors":"Christen J Arena, Beisan El-Tatari, Kristen Lovric, Sage B Greenlee, Rachel M Kenney, Shirish M Gadgeel, Katelyn Patterson, Anita B Shallal, George J Alangaden, Susan L Davis, Michael P Veve","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf505","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This retrospective cohort study evaluated short- versus long-course antibiotics for uncomplicated infections in ambulatory solid tumor patients. Among 303 patients, outcomes were similar between groups, including infection recurrence, treatment delays, and adverse events. Short-course therapy was not associated with worse outcomes, suggesting it may be a viable alternative.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 9","pages":"ofaf505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Sex-Specific Cutoffs Needed With a Next-Generation Urine Tenofovir Lateral Flow Assay for Antiretroviral Adherence Monitoring?","authors":"Xin Niu, Derin Sevenler, Sandy Dossantos, Mehmet Toner, Rebecca Sandlin, Oraphan Siriprakaisil, Pra-Ornsuda Sukrakanchana, Tim R Cressey, Paul K Drain","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf512","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate point-of-care tools are needed to detect early nonadherence to daily HIV regimens and support timely transitions to long-acting options. Emerging evidence suggests that females may require higher adherence than males to achieve equivalent protection. Our next-generation urine tenofovir assay showed high accuracy across sexes but lower urine drug levels among female participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 9","pages":"ofaf512"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor, Re: The Effect of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir on Short- and Long-term Adverse Outcomes From COVID-19 Among Patients With Kidney Disease: A Propensity Score-Matched Study Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024 Dec 31;12(1):ofae756. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofae756.","authors":"Ian Strohbehn, Meghan Sise","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf481","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf481","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 9","pages":"ofaf481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12449171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep and Rest-Activity Rhythms are Delayed and Less Robust in People Living With HIV.","authors":"Priya V Borker, Stephen F Smagula, Julia Sherman, Alison Morris, Bernard Macatangay, Sanjay R Patel","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf498","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People living with HIV (PLWH) commonly have sleep disturbances, but little is known about their habitual sleep patterns and rest-activity rhythms (RARs). We sought to compare sleep and RAR metrics between people living with and without HIV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult participants with (n = 106) and without HIV (n = 105) underwent evaluation with 14 days of wrist actigraphy. PLWH were virally suppressed and on stable antiretroviral therapy for at least 1 year before evaluation. Sleep duration, timing, regularity, and RAR metrics were derived from actigraphy. Differences in sleep and RAR metrics by HIV status were compared using multivariable regression adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, education, employment, smoking, alcohol, and sleep apnea severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In adjusted analyses, PLWH had later timing of sleep and activity compared with those without HIV (sleep midpoint 38.9 ± 12.7 minutes later, <i>P</i> = .003, acrophase 44.3 ± 13.1 minutes later, <i>P</i> = .0009) and less consolidated nighttime sleep (sleep efficiency 2.4 ± 0.9% lower, <i>P</i> = .007; daytime napping 10.5 ± 3.9 minutes greater, <i>P</i> = .007). In addition, PLWH had less robust rhythms with more variable nightly sleep (standard deviation of nocturnal sleep duration 18.1 ± 5.3 minutes greater, <i>P</i> = .0007; standard deviation of sleep midpoint 26.0 ± 7.8 minutes greater, <i>P</i> = .001), lower RAR peak (relative amplitude 0.07 ± 0.02 lower, <i>P</i> = .002), and less regular rhythm (pseudo-<i>F</i> statistic 858 ± 426 lower, <i>P</i> = .046; interdaily stability 0.06 ± 0.02 lower, <i>P</i> = .003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PLWH have delayed, less consolidated, and less robust sleep and RARs compared with those without HIV, suggesting intrinsic differences in circadian rhythms. Future research should evaluate the impact of these abnormalities on long-term health outcomes in PLWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 9","pages":"ofaf498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12402686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Cross-Reactive Neutralizing Antibodies Induction Against H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b by Prior Seasonal Influenza Immunization in Retail Workers.","authors":"Andrea Arroyave, Henintsoa Rabezanahary, Aude Wantchecon, Vonintsoa Lalaina Rahajamanana, Ahmed Sahli, Mathieu Thériault, Denis Boudreau, Caroline Gilbert, Sylvie Trottier, Mariana Baz","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf463","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated whether immunity from seasonal influenza induces cross-reactive antibodies against recent avian and bovine H5N1 strains in serum from retail workers. Despite strong neutralizing activity against seasonal strains, no cross-reactivity against H5N1 was detected, emphasizing the need to assess broader immune responses and targeted vaccines for H5N1 viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 8","pages":"ofaf463"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12365896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144963591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Tongue Swabs for Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Hospitalized Children Under 5 Years of Age.","authors":"Sanjay G Lala, Christopher Ealand, Ziyaad Dangor, Khuthadzo Hlongwane, Minja Milovanovic, Kathleen Car, Alison van der Nest, Tannah Cleak, Olivia Jacobs, Astika Sewcharran, Serene Keenan, Gary Reubenson, Pattamukkil Abraham, Mulisa Mudau, Jonathan E Golub, Neil Martinson, Bavesh Kana","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf474","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis remains difficult in children under 5 years of age (under-5s), who have high TB morbidity and mortality rates. In a high-burden TB setting, we investigated the diagnostic characteristics of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra testing of tongue swabs (TS-XU) collected from under-5s.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a masked, prospective, observational study, tongue swabs were collected from enrolled hospitalized under-5s deemed high risk for TB disease who were categorized into 1 of the following: confirmed, unconfirmed, or unlikely TB.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 201 enrolled under-5s, 11 (5.5%) had confirmed TB, 53 (26.4%) unconfirmed TB, and 137 (68.2%) unlikely TB. TS-XU testing reported \"<i>Mtb</i> detected\" in 116 (57.7%) of 201 under-5s: positive results were \"trace\" (90/116, 77.6%), \"very low\" (21/116, 18.1%), and \"low\" or \"medium\" (4/116 [3.4%] and 1/116 [0.8%], respectively). There were no \"high\" TS-XU results. When trace results were presumed negative, TS-XU sensitivity was 17.2% (95% CI, 7.9%-26.4%) and specificity 89.1% (95% CI, 83.8%-94.3%), and TS-XU detected <i>Mtb</i> in 15 (10.9%) of 137 children with unlikely TB. Our data showed that TS-XU, in addition to routine TB testing, increased TB detection rates by 19.2%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the difficulty of interpreting trace-positive results, TS-XU testing increased TB detection rates in hospitalized under-5s with presumptive TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 9","pages":"ofaf474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12396590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144963601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin Lesions and Personal Protective Equipment in Health Care Workers From Lima, Peru, During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Carolina Coombes-Perez, Paula Arribas-Garcia, Amira Llerena-Delgado, Manuel Armando Del Solar-Chacaltana, Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf509","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care workers (HCWs) relied on personal protective equipment (PPE) to mitigate COVID-19 infections. However, prolonged use of PPE led to a risk of developing skin lesions (SLs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we evaluated the frequency, characteristics, and factors associated with SLs while using PPE. We surveyed 190 HCWs in 2 hospitals in Lima, Peru, between September 2020 and May 2021 using a convenience sampling method. Eligible participants were hospital personnel actively working on-site and using PPE. The questionnaire focused on reporting SLs related to PPE use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The frequency of SLs among our sample of HCWs was 77%. The most frequent SLs were erythema (44%), comedones (18%), and erosions (15%), located most frequently on the nasal bridge (62%) and cheeks (28%). Of the surveyed HCWs, 39% reported using some form of prevention method to avoid SLs, with adhesive tape or bandages being the most common (58%). Working in the intensive care unit (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.60; 95% CI, 1.11-2.29), working >12 hours per day (aPR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.11-2.41), and experiencing burning sensations (aPR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05-1.55) or dryness (aPR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.02-1.90) on the skin were associated with a higher likelihood of having SLs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By documenting the frequency of SL in our sample of HCWs while using PPE, we underscore the need for continuous biosafety monitoring to improve occupational well-being among HCWs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 9","pages":"ofaf509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12461874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 5-Year Epidemiological Study of Monomicrobial Enterococcal Bloodstream Infection in a Population-Based Cohort.","authors":"David R Bayless, Larry M Baddour, Brian D Lahr, Grace A Hagan, Jenny J Cao, Daniel C DeSimone","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf506","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incidence, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics of enterococcal bloodstream infection (BSI) have not previously been studied on a population-based level in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized the Expanded Rochester Epidemiology Project medical records linkage system to conduct a contemporary 5-year, retrospective, population-based study of monomicrobial enterococcal (ME) BSI among adult residents of 8 counties in southeast Minnesota from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 109 cases of ME-BSI were identified. The overall age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate was 6.7 per 100 000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 5.4-7.9). Multivariable analysis revealed that male sex (<i>P</i> < .001) and older age (<i>P</i> < .001) were each independently associated with increased incidence, whereas no temporal association was demonstrated (year effect, <i>P</i> = .475). The median age of incident cases was 76.8 years (interquartile range, 65.0-83.3). Urinary tract source was the most common presumed source (42.2%), and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> was the predominant (83.5%) pathogen. Overall, 14.4% of patients met modified Duke criteria for definite infective endocarditis. Cumulative mortality was 28.4% at 12 weeks and 43.1% at 1 year.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this population-based study, ME-BSI was significantly associated with older age and male sex. There was a high rate of mortality at 12 weeks and 1 year, with ∼1 out of 7 cases complicated by definite infective endocarditis. These findings underscore the importance of ongoing investigation of this syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 9","pages":"ofaf506"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Outcomes Following <i>Candida</i> Bloodstream Infection in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Devices.","authors":"Armaghan-E-Rehman Mansoor, Gayathri Krishnan, Julio C Zuniga-Moya, Benjamin Papadopoulus, Andrej Spec, Ige George","doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf504","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ofid/ofaf504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Candida bloodstream infections (BSI) carry a high risk of adverse outcomes. Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are increasingly used to manage end-stage heart failure; however, they carry a risk of infection. This study evaluates the impact of LVAD presence on outcomes in patients with <i>Candida</i> BSI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1233 patients with <i>Candida</i> BSI admitted to a tertiary hospital between January 2010 and December 2021 were retrospectively included, with 39 having an LVAD at the time of infection. Demographics, microbiologic data, and clinical factors associated with <i>Candida</i> BSI were recorded. Risk factors for <i>Candida</i> BSI and 30 and 90-day mortality were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with <i>Candida</i> BSI in the LVAD cohort were more likely male (77% vs 54%, <i>P</i> = .01) versus the non-LVAD group, and more frequently had central venous access before infection (67% vs 46% <i>P</i> = .01). Rates of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were higher in the LVAD group (39% vs 0.4%, <i>P</i> < .0001). <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> was the most common species in patients with LVAD (38% in LVAD vs 16%), compared to <i>Candida albicans</i> in the non-LVAD cohort (24% in LVAD vs 39%). HeartMate2 was the most common LVAD (21 patients, 54%). There was no difference in all-cause 30-day (30.7% vs 34.5%, <i>P</i> = .62) and 90-day mortality between the LVAD and non-LVAD cohorts (38.4% vs 40.7%, <i>P</i> = .77). In an adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, LVAD presence also did not impact 90-day mortality (hazard ratio, 1.12 [95% confidence interval, 0.70-1.77; <i>P</i> = .62]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with <i>Candida</i> BSI, presence of an LVAD did not impact 30- or 90-day mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19517,"journal":{"name":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 9","pages":"ofaf504"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12461839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}