IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172302

Tanveer Qayyum, Tariq Shah

{"title":"Hybrid image encryption algorithm based on Galois fields and chaotic structures","authors":"Tanveer Qayyum, Tariq Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Almost every industry relies heavily on images, including the medical field, video conferencing, weather forecasting, the military, and most social media applications. Attackers can hack and obtain sensitive data that is not encrypted or has inadequate security due to the widespread use of modern technology. Securely transmitting secret images through an unreliable network necessitates using a solid image cryptosystem. This paper presents a novel image encryption algorithm that synergistically combines the mathematical robustness of Galois fields with the dynamic complexity of Allee’s effect-influenced logistic maps. The proposed method leverages the properties of Galois fields to enhance cryptographic security and operational efficiency. At the same time, the Allee’s effect, integrated into logistic maps, introduces a new dimension of chaotic behaviour that intensifies encryption unpredictability. Our approach begins with an image preprocessing phase using Galois field transformations to disperse pixel values uniformly. Elements of <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>F</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> are applied to Allee’s effect with a logistic map to obtain substitution boxes of high non-linearity. These boxes are used for substitution and permutation purposes. A two-dimensional logistic map generates the key for the bitwise XOR operation. Comparative analyses with existing encryption techniques demonstrate that our algorithm offers superior resistance to common cryptographic attacks, including statistical, differential, and brute-force attacks. Experimental results highlight the algorithm’s capability to maintain image quality and integrity post-decryption, making it a viable solution for secure image transmission in diverse applications. Integrating Galois fields and Allee’s effect in logistic maps establishes a robust framework for advancing image encryption methodologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 172302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ensemble knowledge distillation for collaborative pseudo-label refinement in unsupervised domain adaptation for person re-identification 面向人再识别的无监督领域自适应协同伪标签精化集成知识蒸馏

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172303

Sidharth Samanta , Debasish Jena , Suvendu Rup

{"title":"Ensemble knowledge distillation for collaborative pseudo-label refinement in unsupervised domain adaptation for person re-identification","authors":"Sidharth Samanta , Debasish Jena , Suvendu Rup","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In open-world person re-identification, obtaining annotated ground truth for every deployment environment is infeasible which necessitates the exploration of unsupervised domain adaptation methods. The Pseudo-label guided approaches leverage clustering methodologies for the generation of pseudo-labels to facilitate model retraining on the unlabeled target domain. However, the robustness of these methodological approaches is vulnerable in the presence of label noise, which is generated due to the domain shift, specifically, the interplay of intra-domain similarity within the source domain and the inter-domain dissimilarity between the source and target domains. This study introduces a novel learning scheme to enhance the robustness of such cross-domain re-identification models by minimizing the label noise through collaborative refinement utilizing the amalgamation of multiple teacher outputs and subsequent network training with the refined pseudo-labels. To obtain diverse perspectives, domain-adapted teacher networks of varying types and sizes are employed, and subsequently, their outcomes are amalgamated through a dynamic averaging method to yield a refined representation. A comprehensive set of ablation studies systematically analyzes the contributions of each component, highlighting the vital roles of clustering, knowledge distillation, collaborative refinement, and optimal ensemble size. Furthermore, the proposed model undergoes rigorous evaluation on widely used datasets, such as Market1501, DukeMTMC, and MSMT17, demonstrating superior performance compared to existing state-of-the-art methods. The mean Average Precision (mAP) and Rank-1 (R1) scores showcase notable improvements, with results indicating an enhanced performance in Duke to Market (mAP: 81.04, R1: 90.84) and Market to Duke (mAP: 76.24, R1: 86.27) scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 172303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Density matrix reconstruction using a Hong–Ou–Mandel quantum interferometer 用Hong-Ou-Mandel量子干涉仪重建密度矩阵

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172278

Vitaly Sukharenko, Roger Dorsinville

{"title":"Density matrix reconstruction using a Hong–Ou–Mandel quantum interferometer","authors":"Vitaly Sukharenko, Roger Dorsinville","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We provide a comprehensive analysis of the reconstruction of the density matrix for entangled photon pairs, utilizing polarization measurements within a Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) interference framework. The purpose of this study is to develop a new efficient approach for quantum state characterization, leveraging quantum interference to reduce wave dispersion and utilizing the maximum likelihood method for density matrix reconstruction. The model involves projecting the entangled photons onto a set of sixteen unique polarization states, enabling the observation of detailed quantum interference patterns. We use these patterns to reconstruct the density matrix, revealing the system’s quantum state and degree of entanglement. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in accurately characterizing the quantum state of light, while leveraging quantum interference to reduce wave dispersion and improve signal quality and resolution. Our study underscores the effectiveness of this method in accurately characterizing the quantum state of light and highlights the essential role of precise density matrix reconstruction in a Hong–Ou–Mandel interferometer without the use of polarizers. The methodology and results presented lay a strong foundation for further research, with implications for improving measurement accuracy and exploring more complex quantum systems in various quantum information applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 172278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Precision in polymer fiber analysis: Evaluating advanced algorithms for phase map extraction in necking and inclined fiber conditions in dynamic fibers studies 聚合物纤维分析的精度：评价动态纤维研究中颈缩和倾斜纤维条件下相图提取的先进算法

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172291

M.A. El-Bakary, T.Z.N. Sokkar, N.H. El-Omda, A.M. Ali, E.Z. Omar

{"title":"Precision in polymer fiber analysis: Evaluating advanced algorithms for phase map extraction in necking and inclined fiber conditions in dynamic fibers studies","authors":"M.A. El-Bakary, T.Z.N. Sokkar, N.H. El-Omda, A.M. Ali, E.Z. Omar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper uniquely addresses the challenges of analyzing complex interference patterns of fibers undergoing necking and vibration-induced inclination which are a common issues in real-world dynamic studies. Three advanced fringe pattern analysis algorithms, two-dimensional Fourier transform (2D FT), four-shot phase-shifting interferometry (PSI), and one-dimensional continuous wavelet transform (1D CWT), were employed for extracting phase information and measuring optical characteristics of polypropylene (PP) fibers with these challenges. For necking challenge, the algorithms were evaluated on their ability to accurately demodulate phase maps across different regions of necked fiber using the contour line technique. Results demonstrate that the 1D CWT method significantly outperforms the other techniques, exhibiting superior accuracy in phase extraction for all necked regions. Using the 1D CWT approach, 3D birefringence computations are presented, revealing the molecular orientation in different zones of necked PP fibers. For vibration-induced inclination challenge, the effectiveness of each algorithm was assessed based on how precisely it could extract stable phase information from identical fringe patterns at various inclination angles. Here, Unlike 2D FT and PSI, the 1D CWT algorithm effectively handles non-parallel fringes and is more robust to noise and irregularities. So, the 1D CWT approach is recommended for extracting the phase map data of necked and inclined fibers conditions. The findings have important implications for enhancing the characterization and analysis of polymeric materials in various applications</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 172291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Normalized differential cross section for measurement of refractive ray distribution and focusing quality of a spherical lens: A probability model 球面透镜折射率分布和聚焦质量测量的归一化微分截面：一个概率模型

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172288

Wanguo Liu

{"title":"Normalized differential cross section for measurement of refractive ray distribution and focusing quality of a spherical lens: A probability model","authors":"Wanguo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>From the viewpoint of statistical physics, the characteristics of macroscopic matter are dictated by the probability distribution of numerous random micro-states. Drawing a parallel in geometric optics, we consider the focusing effect of a spherical lens as a statistical outcome of a vast number of randomly incident rays. We propose the concept of the normalized differential cross section (NDCS), which we interpret as the probability density for the deflection angle of a random ray, to describe the angular distribution of refracted rays. When an optical screen is positioned behind the lens, the NDCS can provide an analytical solution for the brightness distribution on the screen, allowing for the assessment of the lens's focusing quality. To validate this probability model, we have derived distribution laws and numerical characteristics for the deflection angles of rays passing through a Luneburg lens and a half Maxwell fish-eye lens. The analytical results align perfectly with simulations. Our theory circumvents the cumbersome computation of the diffraction field, particularly for gradient-index (GRIN) lenses, and sets a precedent for employing probability to analyze the distribution of refracted rays and focusing effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 172288"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Full-space orbital angular momentum generation using transmission-reflection-integrated coding metasurface 利用透射-反射-集成编码超表面生成全空间轨道角动量

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172308

Seyed Abolfazl Hosseini, Sahar Solati Masouleh, Mohammad Yazdi

{"title":"Full-space orbital angular momentum generation using transmission-reflection-integrated coding metasurface","authors":"Seyed Abolfazl Hosseini, Sahar Solati Masouleh, Mohammad Yazdi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces an innovative design for transmission-reflection-integrated (TRI) space-coding metasurfaces, capable of generating high-purity orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in the far-field and focusing lenses in the near-field within the same frequency band. The metasurfaces combine reflective and transmissive unit cells—gold patches on Teflon substrates—using a novel spatial coding scheme to create a unified structure. Various arrangements were explored and compared, demonstrating the metasurface's ability to simultaneously reflect and transmit OAM waves with high mode purity (undesired modes below 20 %) and focus waves with a narrow full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of less than 0.37 mm. Simulated at 0.662 THz, the design is adaptable to other frequency bands. The study outlines the design methodology, unit cell specifications, and analytical formulations, validated by full-wave simulations. These results underscore the potential of TRI coding metasurfaces for advanced electromagnetic wave control, with applications in wireless communication and wireless power transfer systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 172308"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced sensitivity in refractive index sensing with open-channel photonic crystal fiber-based plasmonic sensor 开通道光子晶体光纤等离子体传感器对折射率传感灵敏度的提高

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172259

Md. Humayun Kabir, Tanvir Ahmed

{"title":"Enhanced sensitivity in refractive index sensing with open-channel photonic crystal fiber-based plasmonic sensor","authors":"Md. Humayun Kabir, Tanvir Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a highly sensitive plasmonic sensor based on a dual-core hexagonal lattice structure photonic crystal fiber (PCF), capable of detecting a broad spectrum of refractive indices (RIs). The sensor’s performance characteristics are assessed using numerical simulations employing the finite element method. To optimize light-metal interaction, double microchannels are strategically positioned on both sides of the sensor. Plasmons are induced through the application of a thin layer of gold to the inner surfaces of these channels. By employing both amplitude and wavelength interrogation techniques, the suggested sensor exhibits an amplitude sensitivity (AS) of 1915.87 RIU<sup>−1</sup>, a maximum wavelength sensitivity (WS) of 67,000 nm/RIU and a resolution of 1.49 × 10<sup>−6</sup> RIU. It attains a high figure of merit (FOM) of 1914 RIU<sup>−1</sup> and demonstrates the ability to detect RIs between 1.33 and 1.44. An analysis of manufacturing tolerances concerning pitch, gold layer thickness, air-hole diameter, channel depth, and channel size is conducted. Due to its expansive sensing range and exceptional sensitivity, the sensor holds promise for applications in detecting biochemical and biological analytes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 172259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Image encryption using arbitrary modes of Hermite-Gaussian beams 利用赫米特-高斯光束的任意模式进行图像加密

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172301

Allarakha Shikder, Naveen K. Nishchal

{"title":"Image encryption using arbitrary modes of Hermite-Gaussian beams","authors":"Allarakha Shikder, Naveen K. Nishchal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, use of structured light beams in information processing has gained considerable interest due to their unique intensity and phase distributions. For encoding, optical encryption techniques utilize the spatial distributions of light. Image/data encryption through phase encoding requires complicated interferometric set-up while polarization encoding needs multiple intensity recordings. Such constraints create difficulties during optical implementation. To address these issues, we propose a method of image encryption that requires single recording of intensity distribution containing different modes of a Hermite-Gaussian (HG) beam. In this scheme, the freedom of independent and random choice of different modes of HG beam for encoding enhances the security. Further, we demonstrate an Arnold transformation-based information-sharing scheme, where the information of the decryption key is not required to be shared with the receiver for decryption. To check the effectiveness of the proposed architecture, various performance measure parameters such as correlation coefficient, mean square error, and peak signal-to-noise ratio between the plaintext and decrypted image have been computed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 172301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Double-phase image encryption using interference concept, devil’s fractional vortex Fresnel lens phase masks, and the gyrator transform 采用干涉概念、魔鬼分数涡菲涅耳透镜相位掩模和旋转器变换的双相位图像加密

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172289

Hukum Singh

{"title":"Double-phase image encryption using interference concept, devil’s fractional vortex Fresnel lens phase masks, and the gyrator transform","authors":"Hukum Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper includes a security analysis based on interference, utilizing the gyrator transform (GT), structured phase masks (SPMs), and a phase key created by a devil’s fractional vortex Fresnel lens (DFVFL) in the middle plane. The DFVFL enhances the cryptosystem's key space. It is constructed by combining the devil’s cantor function, a fractional vortex, and a Fresnel zone plate. Experimentally, such masks are advantageous during decoding because they provide extra parameters. DFVFL are diffractive optical elements (DOEs), which enhances their security as they are extremely difficult to replicate. Additionally, these masks possess multiple keys that store properties within a single mask, enhancing the system’s security parameters. DFVFLs are also significant in generating spiraling waves that carry orbital angular momentum (OAM) and find applications in cryptography, quantum computing, bio-photonics, astronomy, and the design of vortex lens and phase mask systems. The sensitivity to encrypting keys, including the GT rotation angles has been studied. In addition, the performance of the scheme has also been evaluated in terms of RMSE, PSNR, SSIM, key space examination, key-sensitivity analysis, entropy, histogram, 3D mesh, correlation, and attacks involving contamination noise. The proposed technique resists various attacks and enhances security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 172289"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A multifunctional optical MEMS logic device for integration into reprogrammable photonic circuits for artificial intelligence applications 一种多功能光学微机电系统逻辑器件，可集成到人工智能应用的可再编程光子电路中

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172299

Yashar Gholami , Behnam Saghirzadeh Darki , Mehdi Moradi , Kian Jafari , Mohammad Hossein Moaiyeri

{"title":"A multifunctional optical MEMS logic device for integration into reprogrammable photonic circuits for artificial intelligence applications","authors":"Yashar Gholami , Behnam Saghirzadeh Darki , Mehdi Moradi , Kian Jafari , Mohammad Hossein Moaiyeri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a multifunctional optical Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) logic gate that uses an electrostatic comb-drive configuration to perform various logical operations. The proposed device includes a MEMS actuator that converts electrostatic input signals to mechanical displacement. In this design, a microring resonator has been positioned close to a straight waveguide that carries the propagating mode. By adjusting the actuator displacement, the distance between the microring resonator and the waveguide can be varied, causing a change in the transmission spectrum of the waveguide and determining the output logic. This device can perform different logical operations such as NAND, OR, XOR, and NOT operations based on the signals applied to the gate ports, making it ideal for integration into reprogrammable photonic circuits for complex applications such as neural networks. The functional characteristics of the proposed device, including an operating voltage of 30 V, a switching time of 800 ns, and a footprint of 792µm<sup>2</sup>, demonstrate its potential to enable advanced functionalities in PICs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 172299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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