Optik最新文献

{"title":"Responsivity enhancement of TiO2 based UV photodetector by antimony doping","authors":"Yusuf Shehu ,&nbsp;Alghareeb Abbas A. M ,&nbsp;Naser M. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Sameen Aslam ,&nbsp;Siti Azrah Mohamad Samsuri ,&nbsp;W. M. Edmund Loh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The excellent photoelectric properties, high stability, and low-cost fabrication have gained TiO₂ tremendous attention as a cutting-edge material for various energy-related applications. However, the bandgap energy in the UV range and the low excited states of TiO₂ have urged researchers to incorporate different dopant elements to optimize its properties. We demonstrated the effect of antimony (Sb) incorporation to TiO₂ as UV photodetector using chemical bath deposition technique. The structural, optical, and electrical behaviour of undoped and doped devices (Sb:TiO₂) were analyzed. Under UV irradiation at a wavelength of 365 nm and a power intensity of 130 μW, we achieved remarkable enhancement in device sensitivity. Compared to an undoped device (TiO₂-Ns/PSi/Ag), the doped device (Sb:TiO₂-Ns/PSi/Ag) demonstrated superior photoresponse and performance. The device exhibited Schottky characteristics within a voltage range of -5V to 5 V, demonstrating strong responsiveness and excellent electrical behaviour. <em>I-V</em> analysis at bias voltages of 3 V, and 5 V revealed outstanding responsivity and sensitivity. The best optimized performance device (Sb:TiO₂-Ns/PSi/Ag) demonstrate highest photodetector parameters of responsivity as 23.5 A/W, quantum efficiency as ∼8 × 10³%, sensitivity as 685.71 %, gain as 7.86, detectivity as 1.97 × 10¹² Jones, and NEP as 9.0 × 10^–14 W compared to that of the undoped TiO₂ device (TiO₂-Ns/PSi/Ag) with responsivity of 15.4 A/W, quantum efficiency as 5.22 × 10³%, sensitivity as 420.81 %, gain as 5.21 detectivity as 1.25 × 10¹² Jones, and NEP as 1.42 × 10^–13 W, as a results of Sb incorporation to TiO₂ both under UV light illumination (wavelength 365 nm and power intensity of 130 <em>μW</em>) at 5 V bias voltage. These findings underscore the significant impact of Sb doping on TiO₂ for photodetection, leading to enhanced photo-responsivity and sensitivity compared to conventional TiO₂-based devices, thereby establishing Sb:TiO₂ structures as promising candidates for UV sensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 172188"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance specific recipe for nano-Co3O4 based electrochromic electrodes: Optimizing color modulation parameters","authors":"Nikita Ahlawat ,&nbsp;Bhumika Sahu ,&nbsp;Love Bansal ,&nbsp;Deb Kumar Rath ,&nbsp;Subin Kaladi Chondath ,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of smart windows requires highly efficient electrochromic electrodes with fast response time and high optical modulation hence material synthesis parameters need to be optimized to get a material to give best possible performance. In this work, a set of Co₃O₄ films was prepared by electrodeposition in a constant current mode where the concentration of NaNO₃ and annealing temperatures were kept as variables. All the Co₃O₄ films exhibited noticeable bias induced color modulation from yellow to brown, which is characterized using bias-dependent in-situ transmission spectroscopy. An optical-modulation of 64 % (at 650 nm) could get observed for the Co₃O₄ films prepared using 0.05 M NaNO₃ and annealed at 250 °C. A very fast response time of 2.2 s/1 s for switching from colored to bleached state and vice versa. The coloration efficiency was 58.9 cm²/C for Co₃O₄ films synthesized using 0.05 M NaNO₃ and annealed at 150 °C, due to the electrode's highly porous nature. These enhancements make cobalt oxide electrodes a suitable choice as an anodic electrode for designing solid-state electrochromic devices in real-life applications. A recipe for designing a performance based electrochromic smart film has been obtained based on the correlation between the deposition parameter and their electrochromic performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 172174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Noise-like pulses in a Thulium-doped mode-locked fiber laser based on a non-linear absorbing loop mirror","authors":"Shubhranil Maity ,&nbsp;Uttam Kumar Samanta ,&nbsp;Sourav Das Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Debasis Pal ,&nbsp;Atasi Pal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonlinear loop mirrors are widely used as an artificial saturable absorber to design passive mode-locked fiber lasers. Theoretical estimation shows that the nonlinear absorbing loop mirror (NAbLM) in ‘figure-8’ architecture can provide higher modulation depth and generate a larger extinction ratio over other conventional loop mirrors. The transmissivity of both the NAbLM and non-linear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) has been calculated and compared. Accordingly, a mode-locked Thulium fiber laser at around 2 µm has been designed using an NAbLM-based laser cavity. In the stable state, square-shaped broadband noise-like pulses of 3 ns at a repetition rate of 1.77 MHz have been obtained with a pulse energy of 141 nJ.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 172158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and performance analysis of a D-shaped polymer optical fiber SPR sensor for selective detection of cadmium ions","authors":"Ankit Mishra ,&nbsp;Rajiv Maurya ,&nbsp;Abhishek Upadhyay ,&nbsp;Gaurav Sharma ,&nbsp;Pushpender Kumar Gangwar ,&nbsp;Vivekanand Mishra ,&nbsp;Vivek Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article explores the theoretical optimization and performance analysis of a surface plasmon resonance sensor utilizing a single-mode D-shaped polymer optical fiber for the detection of cadmium ions. In this structure, a sensing layer made of polyvinylpyrrolidone is employed over metal to protect it from environmental chemical reactions and selective sensing application of cadmium ions. Numerical investigations of the proposed structure have been carried out employing the finite element method. By optimizing the thickness of the metal, residual cladding, and sensing layer, the sensitivity and detection accuracy of the surface plasmon resonance sensor are estimated. The proposed sensor can detect the cadmium ions of concentration ranging from 0.5 ppm to 1000 ppm. The highest sensitivity (1500 nm/RIU), detection accuracy (29.6921), and figure of merit (64.4640 /RIU) of proposed sensors is observed at 1 ppm concentration of cadmium ions. Despite some variation, the detection accuracy and figure of merit remain high across all considered concentrations of cadmium ions, indicating the reliable performance of the sensor. Its optimal performance at lower concentrations is particularly beneficial for early detection and continuous monitoring of cadmium contamination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 172161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced study of structural and optical characteristics of nanocrystalline coomassie brilliant blue G-250 for optoelectronic device optimization","authors":"M.S. Moqbel ,&nbsp;A.H. Ammar ,&nbsp;Al-Shimaa Badran ,&nbsp;A.A.M. Farag","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the structural and optical properties of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 (CBBG) using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and spectroscopic techniques. XRD analysis of both powder and thin film samples reveals distinct structural features: the powder exhibits a polycrystalline structure with strong diffraction peaks corresponding to cubic lattice planes, while the thin film shows a mix of crystalline orientations within an amorphous matrix. The Williamson-Hall relation is applied to determine average crystallite sizes, yielding 85.5 nm for the powder and 71.8 nm for the thin film, indicating their nanocrystalline nature. Microstrain analysis also reveals compressive strain within the thin film. These structural insights are critical for understanding CBBG's mechanical and optical properties, vital for biochemical and optoelectronic applications. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations with the B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p) basis set were used to optimize the molecular geometry and analyze HOMO-LUMO energies and reactive sites via the MEP map. CBBG shows higher hyperpolarizability than urea, indicating its potential for nonlinear optical applications. Miller indices further support its optoelectronic optimization. The real (ε₁) and imaginary (ε₂) parts of the dielectric constant were analyzed, revealing CBBG thin films exhibit strong polarization and charge displacement, influenced by structural disorder. Additionally, the volume and surface energy loss functions (VELF and SELF) highlight significant internal energy dissipation, emphasizing CBBG's potential for optoelectronic devices. The complex optical conductivity analysis reveals key absorption and dispersion behaviors essential for advanced photonic and electronic device design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 172147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting optical properties of NiO films fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering: A machine learning approach","authors":"Ahmet Gürkan Yüksek ,&nbsp;Sabit Horoz ,&nbsp;İsmail Altuntaş ,&nbsp;İlkay Demi̇r ,&nbsp;Ebru Ş. Tüzemen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>NiO films with different thicknesses (100, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 400 nm) were grown on glass substrates using the RF Magnetron sputtering method and their optical transmittance properties were analysed with a spectrophotometer. An innovative aspect of this work was the application of machine learning techniques used to derive new insights from experimental data. Four different machine learning algorithms -ANFIS, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR)- were tested. While the models were trained using films of different thicknesses, a randomly selected 75 % of the whole dataset was used for model testing and the remaining 25 % of the films were used for testing the models. Among these, ANN and GPR models were found to be the most successful models. Using these models, the energy band gaps were estimated at 1 nm intervals and the values ranged from approximately 3.50 eV to 3.76 eV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 172155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of the whispering-gallery modes in spherical hyperbolic metamaterial cavity based on deep learning","authors":"Shu Liu ,&nbsp;Jingxuan Guo ,&nbsp;Beier Liang ,&nbsp;Yong Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiumei Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microcavity structures with whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) have significant applications in developing advanced optical devices, making them a cornerstone in the field of optics. However, the identification of high-order WGMs remains challenging due to their smaller mode volume and higher optical field density. To address this issue, we construct a dataset of WGMs consisting of 1869 images and evaluate its performance using the YOLO algorithm. Furthermore, architectural modifications are introduced to enhance the algorithm's prediction accuracy, achieving an 8.6 % increase in mAP compared to the baseline. The improved model demonstrates reliable performance in predicting the order of WGMs, providing a valuable approach to solving the recognition challenges associated with complex optical modes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 172178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher harmonic generation arising from the bessel function expansions of the carrier-envelope-phase driven by the femtosecond optical Kerr effect","authors":"Robert R. Alfano ,&nbsp;Shah Faisal B. Mazhar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper expands upon previous reports based on the EM Kerr model-based HHG simulation from the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of the electromagnetic laser light wave based on electronic self-phase modulation (ESPM) from the optical Kerr index. The underpinning mechanism described for generating HHG arises from the CEP of the nonlinear index of refraction, which yields a series of Bessel functions. The envelope of the electric field E(t) of the intense ultrashort light pulses drives the CEP, resulting in many Bessel functions, one of the salient features of HHG. The HHG from the large number of Bessel function modes can produce attosecond pulses and possibly can even produce zeptosecond pulses by Kerr mode-locking among the large number N of Bessel functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 172134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Femtosecond laser direct writing of Fiber Bragg Grating with high-speed and high-resolution scanning technique","authors":"Hun-Kook Choi ,&nbsp;Young-Jun Jung ,&nbsp;Bong-Ahn Yu ,&nbsp;Yeung Lak Lee ,&nbsp;Young-Chul Noh ,&nbsp;Ik-Bu Sohn","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We employed two fabrication methods, a laser scanning system and a phase mask, to produce Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs). A micro-scanning adapter was used to enable high-speed and high-resolution laser focusing inside the optical fiber via a scanner and an objective lens. By continuously moving the fiber-fixed stage while adjusting the scanner repetition speed, micropatterns with various periods were generated. This approach allowed for the detection of FBG signals at multiple wavelengths. Laser direct writing, utilizing a high-speed and high-resolution laser scanning system, facilitated FBG production without the need to remove the fiber coating. This method provided a straightforward way to control the FBG wavelength, signal intensity, and bandwidth by adjusting the scanner and stage movement speeds. The use of femtosecond lasers for FBG fabrication offers the additional advantage of reduced material dependence, enabling FBG production in various optical fibers without requiring additional processing steps compared to conventional methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 172168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic parameters impact on near-infrared optical properties in transparent conducting oxides","authors":"Erqi Yang ,&nbsp;Wanpeng Tang ,&nbsp;Qiujun Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) with enhanced near-infrared (NIR) transparency has intensified, driven by advancements in optoelectronics that require materials balancing optical clarity and conductivity across broader spectra. While substantial research has elucidated the foundational properties of TCOs, the impact of electronic characteristics particularly carrier mobility and concentration on NIR performance remains underexplored. This study employs a numerical approach to systematically analyze how electronic parameters govern TCOs optical properties, with a focus on NIR transparency. Findings indicate that increasing carrier mobility extends NIR transparency by shifting the transmittance cutoff, while variations in concentration and material thickness profoundly affect reflectance and absorbance within the NIR spectrum. For optimal NIR transparency, the study suggests a carrier concentration of approximately 2 × 10²⁰ cm⁻³, film thickness of 200 nm, and enhanced carrier mobility exceeding 100 cm²/V s. The result underscore the potential of electronic tuning to refine TCO properties, offering valuable guidance for developing TCOs with enhanced performance across both visible and NIR ranges, tailored for next-generation optoelectronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 172235"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}