Optik最新文献

{"title":"In vivo localization of larval zebrafish’s cardiac chambers in lightsheet fluorescence microscopy using a customized reward function module-incorporated Deep-Q-Network model for reinforcement learning","authors":"Hao-Hsuan Chung ,&nbsp;Jen-Jee Chen ,&nbsp;Huai-Jen Tsai ,&nbsp;Po-Sheng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating deep learning techniques into optical imaging systems has ramped up the procedures of biomedical investigation and allowed an unprecedented number of ways to acquiring experimental data. This study attempts to apply a Deep-Q Network (DQN)-based reinforcement learning technique to automatically locate the cross section of the ventricular chamber of zebrafish larvae in a light-sheet fluorescence microscopy. Experimentally, a total of 920 cardiac images of zebrafish larvae were acquired, pre-formatted and manually annotated to ensure the maximal utilization and precise interpretation of the data. Subsequently, a YOLOv5 algorithm was used for image recognition, which were implemented as the state of the custom-created environment in reinforcement learning. A reward score can then be derived through the controlling of the motorized moving platform and used to train a positioning model based on the Deep-Q Network (DQN). This reinforcement learning model not only can learn and improve from the past experience, but also optimize its dynamic behavior on the basis of the designs of a reward formula and an architecture of the learning strategy. Such reward feedback system dynamically directs the sample-loaded moving platform toward an image cross-section of larval zebrafish's cardiac chamber with the best contrast and clarity. The training results indicate that the object-searching DQN model is capable of precisely allocating the optimal cross-section of the ventricular chamber, can achieve the task with a success rate of 96 % in 600 training episodes, and has the advantages of efficiency and precision when compared with the Greedy method, a random strategy and a modified reward formula.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 172255"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Backscattering properties of trigonal Ge-Au Janus nanoparticles with different ambient refractive indices in the visible solar spectrum","authors":"Pei Ruan,&nbsp;Yiping He,&nbsp;Qian Yang,&nbsp;Daobin Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the backscattering characteristics in the solar spectrum, the Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) method was employed to simulate backscattering efficiency. For Ge-Au Janus nanoparticles (JNPs), the influence of particle size, environmental medium, and the metal volume ratio on the backscattering efficiency were investigated in this work. It was found that the backscattering peak of Ge-Au-JNPs undergoes a redshift with increasing environmental medium, accompanied by a significant enhancement in peak intensity. Additionally, by adjusting the volume ratio of Ge-Au metal, it was found that the peak of backward scattering efficiency reached a maximum at 652 nm for an ambient refractive index of m= 1.33 and a ratio of 1:4. This indicates that the backscattering properties of Ge-Au Janus nanoparticles are tunable by the surrounding refractive index and the component ratio of the Janus nanoparticles, providing an optimization method for applications such as solar energy harvesting and optical sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 172257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of manganese ion on structural, linear and nonlinear optical properties of magnesium sulphate heptahydrate crystals","authors":"Radhika Rathod ,&nbsp;H. Bhuva ,&nbsp;V.J. Pandya ,&nbsp;Zala Maulik ,&nbsp;Hepi Ladani ,&nbsp;H.O. Jethva","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of manganese ion on the structural, linear and nonlinear optical characteristics of the magnesium sulphate heptahydrate crystals was investigated. The pure and manganese ion doped magnesium sulphate heptahydrate crystals were grown using the solvent evaporation technique at room temperature. The structural analysis suggested change in the structure symmetry from orthorhombic to monoclinic crystal system by manganese ion doping. The optical constants and parameters were evaluated using Shimadzu UV-1700 Phamaspec UV spectrometer and measurements were performed at a wavelength of 200–800 nm. The obtained UV chromatograph was recorded by Shimadzu UV prob 2.6 software. The optical bandgap showed direct transitions which decreased by manganese ion doping, while steepness parameter for direct transitions showed a contrary attitude. Linear and nonlinear refractive index, extinction coefficient, optical density, optical conductivity, optical susceptibility, optical dielectric properties, inter-band transition strength, energy loss functions and nonlinear susceptibility were found to be greatly influenced by manganese ion doping and were also dependent on the incident wave energy. The optical study of the grown crystals was further extended using various optical dispersion models like Wemple-DiDomenico single oscillator model, Sellmeier dispersion relation and Drude model. The effect of Mn doping on the dispersion of second order refractive index, two photon absorption coefficient, Figure of Merit (FOM) and third order optical susceptibility was studied in a wide range of photon wavelength from 250 to 700 nm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 172248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Pd functionalization on optical and hydrogen sensing properties of ZnO: Eu films","authors":"Rajat Nagpal ,&nbsp;Cristian Lupan ,&nbsp;Artur Buzdugan ,&nbsp;Vladislav Ghenea ,&nbsp;Oleg Lupan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>ZnO: Eu films have been functionalized with Pd nanoparticles of sizes (5–15 nm) synthesized by a chemical solution approach. Morphological and optical characterizations were carried out using SEM and transmission spectroscopy. The effects of Pd functionalization on the ZnO: Eu columnar microstructures have been investigated by analysing the photo response, photoresponsivity, external quantum efficiency (EQE), detectivity, and carrier dynamics rate. The Pd functionalized ZnO: Eu films (Pd40/ZnO: Eu) show a higher photo response (∼33), about three times higher compared to bare ZnO: Eu films (∼12.4) at 100 ℃. This can be explained by photocarrier transfer from the ZnO conduction band to the Fermi level of PdO and electron trapping on the sensing surface due to oxygen adsorption. A remarkable EQE and detectivity were found for both sample sets, Pd40/ZnO: Eu (∼930 %, ∼2˟10¹³ Jones) and ZnO: Eu (∼2030 %, ∼1.71˟10¹³ Jones). High UV–visible rejection ratio (R_280 nm/R_443 nm) of ∼82 is found, indicating good spectral selectivity. The effect of irradiance on photoresponsivity and recovery time has also been investigated and shows that increasing irradiance leads to an increase in electron-hole pair generation at a faster rate, contributing to higher photoresponsivity and faster recovery. Pd-functionalization results in higher gas sensing response of ∼15 and improved selectivity to 100 ppm hydrogen at lower operating temperatures for Pd40/ZnO: Eu films. The proposed columnar microstructures may enable advanced photodetector applications at relatively low bias voltage (∼50 mV). In this work, the importance towards Pd functionalization for H₂ gas sensing and UV detection is presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 172247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entangling power for Anti-Jaynes–Cummings Model","authors":"M.Kh. Ismail ,&nbsp;T.M. El-Shahat ,&nbsp;N. Metwally ,&nbsp;A.-S.F. Obada","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The capability of the Anti-Jaynes–Cummings model (AJCM) to generate quantum correlations between finite- and infinite-dimensional subsystems has been investigated. This concept is demonstrated by considering an atom with varying dimensionalities interacting with a cavity mode prepared in different initial states. The findings show that the entangling power of the AJCM, and consequently the generated entanglement, can be maximized when a cavity mode prepared in coherent or squeezed vacuum states interacts locally with a three- or four-dimensional atom. Additionally, increasing the mean photon number inside the cavity enhances both the entangling power and the degree of entanglement between the subsystems. A harmonious relationship is observed between the entangling power and the entanglement measure, with sudden, gradual, and constant behaviors predicted at the same interaction time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 172244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143265499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tilt measurement using multiple reflections Michelson interferometer and single interferogram","authors":"Laxman Mandal,&nbsp;A.R. Ganesan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A Michelson interferometer with a double-sided mirror (DSM) and multiple reflections have been developed to measure small tilt angles in the nanoradian range. This modified interferometer offers a resilient configuration for tilt measurement, exhibiting significantly enhanced sensitivity compared to conventional interferometers. An intensity phase unwrapping method from a single interferogram is presented for quantitative tilt measurement. The method overcomes the requirement of multiple phase-shifted interferograms and the use of phase-shifting optical elements like piezo pushers, polarizers, and retarding wave plates. The presented work details the design of the developed interferometer, the theoretical framework for evaluating tilt, and the experimental results to validate our proposed methodologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 172187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-high-sensitive SPR device composed of CaF2 prism, Ag, graphene, and sensing medium for refractive index detection-artificial neural network training","authors":"Imed Sassi,&nbsp;Mariem Zbidi,&nbsp;Mounir Ben El Hadj Rhouma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current work focuses on a refractive index (RI) biosensor using prism configuration used for various sensing applications. This design is suggested for evaluating the intensities of the reflectance for visible and near infrared wavelength range at fixed incident direction (=80 degree). Different materials used to realize our biosensor, the CaF₂ prism, the silver (Ag), and the graphene. A numerical method based on the electromagnetic theory is employed to compute the reflectance property. Significant results concerning the sensitivity and reflection depth are showed after optimizing some geometrical parameters. The parameters used to examine the biosensor’s performance are the RI sensitivity (S_RI), figure of merit (FoM), and quality factor (QF). The higher values of S_RI, FoM, and QF provided by our suggested structure are 54600 nm/RIU, 151 /RIU^‐1, and 6.29 respectively, when the RI is ranging from 1.33 to 1.39. In this research, for input parameters of our sensor, we predict the sensitivity’s data by using the artificial neural network technique. It is remarked that the latest approach shows a significant results compared to that obtained by the theoretical method. In the context of temperature sensing, our device showed an average temperature sensitivity of 6.99 nm/K, and a maximum, sensitivity of 17.68 nm/K.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 172177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A two-stage detection methodology for thyroid cancer using photonic crystal: Logistic regression and artificial neural networks","authors":"Ranjeet Kumar Pathak ,&nbsp;Sumita Mishra ,&nbsp;Sandip Kumar Roy ,&nbsp;Preeta Sharan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer remains a significant health concern affecting many people globally. Recognizing the importance of early identification and treatment of thyroid cancer, we have developed a novel detection method utilizing supervised Machine Learning (ML) techniques, specifically Logistic Regression (LOR) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Our approach leverages Photonic Crystal (PhC) sensors to detect thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer affects the thyroid gland, which is responsible for regulating the body's growth and metabolism through hormone production. The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide, making early and accurate diagnosis crucial for improving patient outcomes. Current detection methods like fine-needle aspiration biopsy and ultrasound have limitations in terms of accuracy, invasiveness, and cost. Thus, we propose the use of PhC sensors, which can detect changes in the Refractive Index (RI) of biological tissues caused by cancerous cells. In our two-stage detection methodology, the first phase uses LOR to classify specimens as benign or malignant based on data from PhC sensors. The second phase employs ANNs to further classify the malignant samples into papillary, follicular, medullary, or anaplastic thyroid cancer. Our research demonstrates the effectiveness of PhC sensors as a cutting-edge method for thyroid cancer detection. We conducted simulations using MEEP with a PhC structure size of 26×24. Subsequently, we compiled a comprehensive dataset through meticulous data sampling and analysis. This dataset was then utilized to implement supervised ML methods, such as LOR and ANNs, for non-invasive thyroid cancer detection. The LOR model achieved an accuracy of 91 %, a sensitivity of 93 %, a precision of 94 %, an F1 score of 90 %, and a specificity of 89 %. Meanwhile, the ANN model attained an accuracy of 82 %, a sensitivity of 77 %, a precision of 85 %, an F1 score of 81 %, and a specificity of 87 %. These results underscore the potential of our innovative approach to significantly enhance the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 172148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave-assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy on aluminum alloy for improved quantitation","authors":"M. Rashad Khan ,&nbsp;S.U. Haq ,&nbsp;Qamar Abbas ,&nbsp;Riaz Khan ,&nbsp;Ali Nadeem","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employed microwave-assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (MW-LIBS) to investigate the sensitivity and reproducibility of emission line intensity, plasma parameters, and analytical measurements. Standard Al-alloys (Xiamen Yichen Technology Co., China) were used due to its wide applications and excellent physical and mechanical properties. The plasmas of these alloys were produced using a fundamental harmonic (1064 nm) of Nd: YAG laser. The plasma emissions were recorded at laser energies (40–260 mJ) and microwave power 400, 800, and 1200 W. The MW setup consists of air-cooled 2.45 GHz microwave source (magnetron), a WR340 waveguide, a 3-stub impedance tuner, and a waveguide-to-coaxial adaptor. A one-meter coaxial cable with a sharpened end served as a near-field antenna. The experimental parameters, such as laser energy, microwave power, and detector gate delay, were optimized for sensitivity and repeatability. At an optimized laser energy of 140 mJ and a microwave peak power of 1200 W, signal enhancement was observed to increase six-fold, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improved five-fold, and the limit of detection (LOD) decreased seven-fold compared to conventional LIBS. The repeatability in emission line intensity, measured in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD), was significantly improved from 36 % to 6 %, 46–18 %, and 27–13 % for Mg, Si, and Cu emission lines, respectively. The improvement in repeatability of emission line intensities led to improved accuracy in predicted concentration measurements based on calibration curves, with percentage deviations of 18–3 % for Mg and 35–11 % for Si.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 172182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving Pauli quantum logic gates with composite solitons of the Manakov system","authors":"U. Al Khawaja","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We show that Pauli quantum logic gates can be achieved with composite solitons of a generalized Manakov system. We first prove that the complex superposition principle applies to the generalized Manakov system where the linear combination of two composite solutions, with complex coefficients, generates a third composite solution. The superposition is then written in terms of a complex rotation matrix that generates the three Pauli matrices for certain values of relative phases. This maps the rotation matrix to rotations of qubits on the Bloch sphere. Possible physical realizations in Bose–Einstein condensates and optical fibers are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 172173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}