Oncology最新文献

{"title":"A Comparative Study of Surgery versus Radiation Therapy on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Patients with Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Zijian Shen, Guogang Gao, Chuanping Liu, Ge Yu","doi":"10.1159/000543164","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lung cancer continues to be a substantial issue in public health, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is also an important cause of death in NSCLC patients. There is a lack of studies comparing the effects of surgery and radiation therapy on the risk of CVD mortality in patients with early stage NSCLC. This study planned to compare the effects of surgery alone and radiation therapy alone on the risk of CVD mortality in patients with early stage NSCLC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cohort study, the data of 32,896 participants with NSCLC at stage I or stage II in 2010-2015 were retrieved from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database. The primary endpoint of this study was CVD mortality, indicating patients died of CVDs and the follow-up was ended in 2020. Univariable Cox regression model was applied to identify covariates. The associations of surgery or radiation therapy with CVD mortality in in patients with early stage NSCLC were evaluated via univariable and multivariable Cox regression models and Fine-Gray competitive risk model. Hazards ratio (HR) and confidence interval (CI) were computed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median follow-up time was 48.00 (17.00, 60.00) months. There were 854 (6.45%) participants died of CVD in the radiation therapy group and 729 (5.35%) participants died of CVD in the surgery group. After adjusting for confounding factors, the elevated risk of CVD mortality in patients with early stage NSCLC was observed in patients receiving radiation therapy compared to those receiving surgery (HR = 2.33, 95% CI: 2.02-2.69). In the competing risk model, the risk of CVD mortality in patients with early stage NSCLC was also increased in patients receiving radiation therapy (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.2.6-1.55). In the PSM group, the risk of CVD mortality in patients with early stage NSCLC was also increased in patients who underwent radiation therapy (HR = 2.62, 95% CI: 2.12-3.24). Subgroup analysis also revealed that radiation therapy was correlated with increased risk of CVD mortality in NSCLC patients with tumor size ≥50 mm or <50 mm, the original primary site in the left or right, histologic types of squamous cell NSCLC or adenocarcinoma NSCLC, stage I and II, and patients ≥65 years or <65 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Radiation therapy was associated with elevated risk of CVD mortality compared to surgery in patients with early stage NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Mirogabalin Therapy for Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (MICHEL Study): A Pilot Study.","authors":"Aya Sawa, Hiroko Bando, Riko Sato, Tomohei Matsuo, Mai Okazaki, Sachie Hashimoto, Akiko Iguchi-Manaka, Hisato Hara","doi":"10.1159/000543798","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a frequent adverse event without an established, standard treatment. As mirogabalin is a gabapentinoid confirmed useful for diabetic, peripheral neuropathic pain, we examined the efficacy of mirogabalin for CIPN using quantitative sensory and pain analytical devices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a single-arm, open-label, prospective study conducted at the University of Tsukuba Hospital between April 2022 to April 2024. Patients with grade 2 or higher CIPN during weekly paclitaxel treatment for primary breast cancer were enrolled and received mirogabalin orally for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for peripheral neuropathy. Patient Neurotoxicity Questionnaire (PNQ) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group-Neurotoxicity (FACT/GOG-NTX) scores were obtained, and PainVision was used as an objective CIPN evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 20 patients were enrolled. The median VAS score before starting mirogabalin was 13.50 for the hands and 25.00 for the feet. After 4 weeks of treatment, there was significant worsening in the hands (VAS score of 37.00) but no significant difference was observed for the feet. There were no significant differences in PNQ of the limbs between before and 4 weeks after the mirogabalin treatment, although the mean of the Neurotoxicity Subscale of FACT/GOG-NTX significantly worsened. Median PainVision scores for feet also significantly worsened from 50.30 to 89.40, but no significant change was observed for hands. PainVision feet score changes negatively correlated with FACT/GOG-NTX total scores. In the patient satisfaction survey, 14 patients (70%) were satisfied with mirogabalin and 15 patients (75%) wanted to continue.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although mirogabalin was not wholly effective for CIPN caused by paclitaxel treatment in breast cancer patients, the satisfaction survey suggests some patient-perceived benefits which cannot be detected by conventional evaluation methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The current status of tumor markers as biomarkers in the era of immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: alpha-fetoprotein alone is not sufficient.","authors":"Atsushi Hiraoka, Masatoshi Kudo, Toshifumi Tada, Takeshi Hatanaka, Satoru Kakizaki, Kazuya Kariyama, Hideko Ohama, Kunihiko Tsuji, Toru Ishikawa, Koichi Takaguchi, Ei Itobayashi, Hidenori Toyoda, Tomomitsu Matono, Yutaka Yata, Chikara Ogawa, Atsushi Naganuma, Joji Tani, Masanori Atsukawa, Takashi Nishimura, Kazuto Tajiri, Kazuhito Kawata, Hisashi Kosaka, Hidekatsu Kuroda, Masashi Hirooka, Hiroki Nishikawa, Fujimasa Tada, Shinichiro Nakamura, Yuki Kanayama, Kazuhiro Nouso, Hironori Tanaka, Kazunari Tanaka, Michitaka Imai, Akemi Tsutsui, Takuya Nagano, Tomoko Aoki, Yuichi Koshiyama, Asahiro Morishita, Norio Itokawa, Tomomi Okubo, Taeang Arai, Shinya Fukunishi, Hidenao Noritake, Yoshiko Nakamura, Osamu Yoshida, Hirayuki Enomoto, Masaki Kaibori, Yoichi Hiasa, Takashi Kumada","doi":"10.1159/000543405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000543405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Rapid development of systemic treatments has resulted in improved prognosis for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) patients. Since immune therapy shows a favorable therapeutic efficacy, use of tumor markers as biomarkers for monitoring treatment response is necessary. This study aimed to elucidate changes in positive rates of 3 available tumor markers in Japan, including alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), and lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3) in uHCC patients treated with systemic therapies over time.</p><p><strong>Material/methods: </strong>From 2009 to 2023, 1470 uHCC patients with data of tumor markers before starting treatment were enrolled. The positivity cut-off value for AFP was 20 ng/mL, for AFP-L3 was 10%, and for DCP was 40 mAU/mL. After dividing the 15 years examined into three periods of five years each (period I, II, III), clinical features of the enrolled patients were evaluated, retrospectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The percentage of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B patients who received systemic therapy increased from period I to III (27.7%, 38.5%, 46.6%, respectively, P<0.001), which was also seen for HCC patients with a non-viral etiology (alcohol and others) (29.9%, 39.7%, 49.6%, respectively P<0.001). Positive rates for AFP (67.8%, 62.1%, 50.8%, respectively) and DCP (84.1%, 80.5%, 72.7%, respectively) were decreased (each P<0.001), while the AFP-L3 rate did not show a significant change (54.4%, 57.7%, 51.9%, respectively P=0.390). Among the AFP-negative patients, the rate of positive for DCP or AFP-L3 was increased (24.4%, 28.1%, 35.4%, respectively, P=0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on introduction of systemic treatment in an early stage and increasing numbers of HCC cases with a non-viral etiology, the positive rate of AFP level has been declining. Thus, determination of DCP and AFP-L3 in addition to AFP as markers should be more actively utilized in clinical practice, as well as clinical trials for monitoring and evaluating treatment response in this era of combination immunotherapy as a powerful treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Chemotherapy (Anthracyclin, Cyclophosphamide following Docetaxel Regimen) on Sleep, Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life in Patients with Breast Cancer.","authors":"Suhyun Ju, Youn Joo Jung, Seungju Lee, Seok Kyeong Kang, Miri Ryu, Jee Yeon Kim, Kyung Jin Nam, Kyeyoun Lee, Ji Hyeon Joo, Youngkyung Jeon, Jae Joon Kim, Ji Hoon Kim, Su Bong Nam, Mi Sook Yun, Hyun Yul Kim","doi":"10.1159/000543730","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chemotherapy can cause sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, and decreased quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to compare sleep, anxiety, depression, and QoL during chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer to provide appropriate treatment at the appropriate time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study included patients with breast cancer who received chemotherapy at Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital. We used three self-reporting questionnaires regarding quality of sleep (QoS), anxiety, depression, and QoL. QoL was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, anxiety using the Beck Anxiety Inventory, depression using the Beck Depression Inventory, and QoL using the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form. Patients were assessed before, after, and during chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 55 patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 49 completed three self-reporting questionnaires. Anxiety, depression, QoS, and QoL varied during the study. Anxiety, depression, and QoL scores were lowest at the end of chemotherapy (p < 0.005). However, QoS scores were lowest at the beginning of chemotherapy (p < 0.005). Cancer subtype (triple-negative vs. luminal type), T stage, type of breast surgery (breast-conserving surgery vs. mastectomy), and chemotherapy type (adjuvant vs. neoadjuvant) did not show a relationship with QoL, anxiety, depression, or QoS; however, age exhibited differences in all four areas. Patients aged >50 years experienced more sleep disturbances, anxiety, depression, and a decreased QoL. In addition, anxiety was increased during chemotherapy in patients with lymph node metastasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with breast cancer experience sleep disturbances, anxiety, depression, and low QoL during chemotherapy. During chemotherapy, these symptoms are often overlooked owing to the side effects of chemotherapy. Proper treatment and emotional support will help patients improve their QoL, anxiety, depression, and QoL.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Multiple Primary Malignancies: A Retrospective Study of 106 Cases.","authors":"Yifei Li, Liuxing Feng, Chundong Lin, Lupeng Wu","doi":"10.1159/000543799","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Multiple primary malignancies (MPMs) are a rare scenario, particularly in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Research addressing MPM patients with HCC is limited. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study to explore the clinical features and outcomes of MPM patients involving HCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed records of patients diagnosed with HCC from January 2013 to October 2023 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University. HCC patients with extrahepatic tumors were identified. Their clinical characteristics and survival data were further analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1,556 patients with HCC, 106 (6.8%) were identified with EHPM, of which 29 were synchronous and 77 were metachronous. A total of 96 patients had double primary cancers, and 10 patients had triple primary cancers. The most common EHPMs were lung cancer (15%), followed by colorectal tumors and stomach cancer. Compared with the synchronous group, the curative treatment rate of HCC and EHPM in the metachronous group is higher. During follow-up period, 29 patients died, of which 20 (69%) died from HCC-related causes. The median overall survival (OS) time was 88 months, with 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year cumulative survival rates of 92.4%, 88%, 82.5%, and 69.6%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year HCC-specific OS (HOS) rates were 81.8%, 75.8%, and 71.9%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that Child-Pugh class (B-C), HCC tumor size >5 cm, non-radical treatment for HCC or EHPM, HCC recurrence, BCLC staging (C-D), and synchronous appearance were significantly associated with shorter OS and HOS. Factors such as Childs class, tumor size, treatment modality, and synchronous presentation were identified as independent predictors of OS through Cox analysis. Childs class, tumor size, non-radical treatment, BCLC staging, and HCC recurrence were found to be independent factors affecting HOS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The occurrence of extrahepatic primary tumors is not rare, underscoring the importance for oncologists being alert to the development of secondary tumor development in HCC patients. However, the co-occurrence of other primary tumors alongside HCC does not appear to worsen patient prognosis. Notably, curative resection, where feasible, emerges as a vital factor in extending patient survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Real-World Pharmacovigilance Analysis for Demethylation Drug: Findings from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting Database.","authors":"Shupeng Chen, Jie Liu, Yao Gao, Nana Tang, Yingjian Zeng","doi":"10.1159/000543519","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The real-world safety profiles of the demethylating agents azacitidine and decitabine remain inadequately characterized despite their widespread clinical use. Both drugs are extensively employed for the treatment of hematologic malignancies such as myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. This study aimed to evaluate their adverse event profiles by leveraging data from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All adverse drug event (ADE) data related to azacitidine and decitabine were collected from the FAERS database from its inception through the second quarter of 2024 (Q2). After standardizing the data, four disproportionality methods were applied to evaluate the association between azacitidine, decitabine, and ADEs. The Weibull shape parameter was used to analyze the time-to-onset curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 15,538 ADEs where azacitidine was the primary suspect drug, a total of 439 preferred terms (PTs) and 2 system organ classes (SOCs) showed significant disproportionality across all four algorithms. These SOCs included infections and infestations (n = 7,328, ROR 3.78) and blood and lymphatic system disorders (n = 5,613, ROR 8.92). Compared with the azacitidine label, 52 previously unreported ADEs were identified at the PT level. Among the 3,064 ADEs where decitabine was the primary suspect drug, a total of 200 PTs and two SOCs exhibited significant disproportionality across all four algorithms. These SOCs included blood and lymphatic system disorders (n = 1,284, ROR 6.53) and surgical and medical procedures (n = 571, ROR 3.41). Compared with the decitabine label, 29 previously unreported ADEs were identified at the PT level. Furthermore, the Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) algorithm revealed that the highest IC025 values for both azacitidine and decitabine were concentrated in SOCs related to benign, malignant, and unspecified tumors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, using the FAERS database, we compared the real-world safety profiles of two demethylating agents, azacitidine and decitabine. The results indicate that adverse drug reactions related to these two agents are concentrated in the hematologic, respiratory, circulatory, and digestive systems, as well as in neoplasms of unspecified nature, warranting close clinical attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of TYMS Polymorphism rs3819102 as a Prognostic Marker for Nonsmoking Lung Cancer Patients of the Han Ethnicity in China.","authors":"Wei Du, Chang Xu, Zhiyuan Cheng, Zhenyu Sun, Shicheng Guo, Qiang Li, Yuanlin Song, Bo Shen, Yang Bao, Junjie Wu","doi":"10.1159/000542660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000542660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>With high incidence and mortality rates, lung cancer is now one of the most common cancers in the world. The 5-year survival rate of lung cancer patients is very low, and predicting the prognosis of lung cancer patients and using it to develop treatment strategies and interventions is important for prolonging the survival time of patients. Folate metabolism involves various aspects such as methylation of DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, etc. Disorders of folate metabolism are closely related to cardiovascular diseases, immunodeficiencies, tumors, etc., and TYMS is a key enzyme in the folate metabolic pathway. We investigated and analyzed the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism rs3819102 synergistic clinical features in the TYMS and prognosis in lung cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 888 Han Chinese patients with primary lung cancer were recruited between January and November 2009 (10 months), including Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Naval Military Medical university (Second Military Medical University) and Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences of Fudan University. Of these, 49 were excluded due to incomplete data collected for various reasons. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, and written informed consent was obtained from all participating subjects. This study does not include minors. Genomic DNA was extracted from patient blood samples using the Qiagen Blood Kit (Qiagen, Chatsworth, California) and genotyped using SNPscan technology. The association between TYMS polymorphism rs3819102 and prognostic was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis, log-rank test, and Cox proportional-hazards model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the Han nationality nonsmoking patients in China, compared with AA + AG genotype, the GG genotype (GG vs. AA + AG: adjusted hazard ratio = 1.69, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-2.83, p = 0.048401) of rs3819102 conferred a worse prognosis. TYMS rs3819102 A > G mutation shortened lung cancer patients' survival and worse prognosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TYMS rs3819102 may be a prognostic factor for deterioration in lung cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Expression of Tetraspanin CD63 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Yasunori Matsumoto, Ryota Otsuka, Yuri Nishioka, Takeshi Toyozumi, Nobufumi Sekino, Tadashi Shiraishi, Koichiro Okada, Toshiki Kamata, Shinichiro Iida, Hiroki Morishita, Tenshi Makiyama, Masanari Yamada, Hisahiro Matsubara","doi":"10.1159/000543800","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has one of the poorest cancer prognosis rates; there is an urgent need to develop new drug therapies and biomarkers. CD63, a tetraspanin protein and well-known exosomal marker, is implicated in cancer progression; however, the significance of CD63 expression in ESCC remains unclear. Herein, we report the significance of CD63 expression by analyzing ESCC patient samples and ESCC cell lines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ESCC patient samples (n = 86) were evaluated for CD63 expression by immunostaining; univariate and multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards were used to evaluate CD63 expression and clinicopathological features as prognostic factors for survival. For in vitro analysis, CD63 knockdown was performed in human ESCC cell lines (TE2 and TE15) using siRNA, and changes in proliferative potential. The gene expression change was also analyzed by microarray and gene set enrichment analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall survival was significantly worse in the CD63 high group (p = 0.031, log-rank test). Five-year overall survival univariate analysis identified positive lymph nodes, pStage 3 or higher, and CD63 high expression as poor prognostic factors, while multivariate analysis showed that CD63 high expression was an independent poor prognostic factor (p = 0.009, HR 2.56, 95% CI: 1.269-5.167). CD63 knockdown in ESCC cell lines resulted in a phenotype of decreased proliferative potential. CD63 knockdown increased the expression of genes involved in cell adhesion and suppressed the expression of genes involved in granule secretion. CD63 also shown to affect nuclear import, protein complex localization, and ERBB signaling pathways. In conclusion, CD63 affects gene expression in ESCC, and high tissue expression of CD63 predicts poor prognosis in ESCC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Marketing Safety of Temozolomide: A Pharmacovigilance Study Based on the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System.","authors":"Yuhao Lin, Muling Deng, Siqi Xu, Chuanben Chen, Jianming Ding","doi":"10.1159/000542989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000542989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Temozolomide (TMZ) is a widely used chemotherapy agent for the treatment of malignant gliomas and other brain tumors. Despite its established therapeutic benefits, there is an ongoing need to understand better its safety profile, particularly in real-world clinical settings. This study aimed to identify critical adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with TMZ by utilizing the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, thereby providing valuable safety insights for clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized the reported odds ratio, proportional reporting ratio, Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network, and Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean as primary algorithms for disproportionality analysis. Adverse events (AEs) were classified as ADRs only upon meeting the criteria set by all four algorithms. To ensure the accuracy of our results, we meticulously excluded any AEs deemed unrelated to TMZ.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From October 2003 to September 2023, a total of 10,502,538 case reports and 9,073 cases explicitly attributed to TMZ were retrieved from the FAERS database. After applying our filters, 116 ADRs, each with a corresponding Preferred Term (PT), were identified across 18 System Organ Classes (SOCs). The identified ADRs associated with TMZ primarily involved bone marrow suppression, hepatotoxicity, and various infections, notably Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Furthermore, our analysis identified valuable ADRs not listed in the drug label, including congenital, familial, and genetic disorders at the SOC level, as well as unexpected ADRs at the PT level, such as seizures, pulmonary embolism, and sepsis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This real-world pharmacovigilance study has identified significant and previously unreported ADRs associated with TMZ. Further research for validation and resolution is urgently needed to guide the clinical application of TMZ, ensuring the safety and efficacy of its use in treating brain tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing and Validating Models for Predicting Gleason Grade Group Upgrading following Radical Prostatectomy in Localized Prostate Cancer: A Comparison between Machine Learning Algorithms and Conventional Logistic Regression.","authors":"Qian Gui, Xin Wang, Dandan Wu, Yonglian Guo","doi":"10.1159/000543492","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The occurrence of Gleason grade group upgrading (GGU) significantly impacts treatment strategy developments. We aimed to develop an optimal predictive model to assess the risk of GGU in patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa), by comparing traditional logistic regression (LR) with seven machine learning algorithms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective collection of clinical data was conducted on patients who underwent radical prostatectomy at Wuhan Central Hospital (January 2017 to December 2023, n = 177) and Jiangxi Cancer Hospital (July 2019 to February 2024, n = 87). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was employed to filter the clinical characteristics of patients. Subsequently, models were conducted using multivariate LR, along with seven diverse machine learning algorithms: extreme gradient boosting, decision tree, multilayer perceptron, naive Bayes, K-nearest neighbors, random forest, and support vector machine. By employing the receiver operating characteristic curves, accuracy, brier score, recall, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA), we compared the predictive capabilities and clinical utility of eight models to identify the optimal one.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the evaluation of eight models, the LR model demonstrated superior performance. In the modeling set, it achieved an area under curve (AUC) of 0.826 (95% CI: 0.808-0.845), accuracy of 0.765, and a brier score of 0.167. In the validation set, it kept good results with an AUC of 0.819 (95% CI: 0.758-0.880), accuracy of 0.725, and a brier score of 0.180. The calibration curves, brier score, and DCA also demonstrated the excellent calibration and net benefit of the LR model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>After conducting a comprehensive multi-model comparison, we concluded that the LR model was optimal for predicting GGU, which was confirmed by external validation. Our study also revealed percent free prostate-specific antigen density as a predictive factor for GGU, offering a novel approach for managing localized PCa patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}