Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Clinicopathological Characteristics and Perioperative Treatment of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Zhi Ji, Lila Zhu, Xia Wang, Hongli Li, Jingjing Duan, Le Zhang, Ting Deng, Rui Liu, Yi Ba","doi":"10.1159/000542369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000542369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Itroduction: The clinicopathological characteristics and efficacy of perioperative treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) were investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinicopathological characteristics and perioperative treatment outcomes of patients with EBVaGC who underwent radical gastrectomy in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital from September 2016 to May 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed and Cox regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study cohort included 128 patients with EBVaGC. Histologically, 126 (98.4%) patients had adenocarcinoma and only 2 (1.6%) had adenosquamous carcinoma. In addition, 18 (14.1%) had nerve invasion and 29 (22.7%) had vascular invasion. Notably, 41 (32.0%) patients had tumors in the proximal stomach and 69 (53.9%) had no lymph node metastasis. Proficient mismatch repair was confirmed in all 104 patients with available results. Overall, 16 (12.5%) patients received neoadjuvant therapy, 81 (63.3%) received adjuvant therapy, and 10 (7.8%) received perioperative immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy. In total, 22 patients experienced disease progression or had died. The 3-year DFS rate was 75.0%. DFS was relatively poorer for patients with advanced tumor (T) stage, lymph node (N) stage, disease stage, and vascular invasion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EBVaGC had unique clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. Advanced T, N, and disease stages, in addition to vascular invasion, were predictive of poorer DFS. However, the efficacy of perioperative treatment of EBVaGC remains uncertain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Evaluation of Conversion Therapy Following Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy or Immunotherapy in Patients with Advanced or Transarterial Chemoembolization Unsuitable Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma-A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Li-Fu Kuo, Wen-Chun Liu, Ming-Feng Li, Fu-Huan Huang, Chu-Kuang Chou, Tsung-Hsien Chen, Yi-Tseng Tsai, Ping-I Hsu, Chao-Jen Li, I-Ting Wu, Kun-Feng Tsai","doi":"10.1159/000542291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000542291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with advanced-stage or intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) unsuitable for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) had poor prognoses. Recent advancements in hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated higher tumor response rates, which improved overall survival (OS). HAIC achieves an OS rate of approximately 14.5-15.3 months with a 39.1-42.5% tumor response rate. In comparison, ICIs have a 12-14 month OS rate with a 26-33% tumor response rate. Given these promising responses, this study evaluates the efficacy of conversion therapy with curative intent following HAIC or ICIs, focusing on survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 80 patients with advanced or TACE-unsuitable intermediate HCC. Patients completed two HAIC or four ICI cycles, followed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria imaging. Based on demographics, cirrhosis status, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification (BCLC) stage, treatment responses, and treatment modality, survival impacts were analyzed. OS was compared between HAIC and immunotherapy groups. The effect of conversion therapy with curative intent on survival outcomes was analyzed using a Cox regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 80 patients, 26 achieved positive response (CR/PR) with HAIC or ICIs, and 9 of them subsequently underwent conversion therapy with curative intent. Key prognostic factors included Child-Pugh stage B vs. A (HR=2.21, p=0.041), BCLC stage C vs. B (HR=4.38, p=0.011), and elevated AFP levels (HR=5.02, p&lt;0.001). Positive responders saw substantial survival benefits (HR=0.26, p=0.001). Patients undergoing conversion therapy exhibited significantly enhanced survival. Median OS was 13.58 months with standard therapy, while the curative intent surgery group did not reach the median OS (p=0.002). For CR/PR patients, 48-month survival was 75.0% for the curative surgery group versus 38.0% for standard treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conversion therapy with curative intent following HAIC or ICIs might enhances survival in patients with advanced or TACE-unsuitable intermediate-stage HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Nutrition Index as a Biomarker for Treatment Sensitivity to Chemotherapy and Nivolumab as the First-Line Treatment in Patients with Unresectable Advanced or Recurrent Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Study.","authors":"Nobuhiro Nakazawa, Akihiko Sano, Yuji Kumakura, Toshiki Yamashita, Naritaka Tanaka, Kana Saito, Akiharu Kimura, Kengo Kasuga, Kenji Nakazato, Daisuke Yoshinari, Hisashi Shimizu, Yasunari Ubukata, Hisashi Hosaka, Takuya Shiraishi, Makoto Sakai, Makoto Sohda, Ken Shirabe, Hiroshi Saeki","doi":"10.1159/000541544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000541544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This multicenter study aimed to determine whether the pretreatment prognostic nutrition index (PNI) or a change in the index after two treatment courses could be a biomarker for predicting treatment sensitivity in patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric cancer (GC) treated using chemotherapy and nivolumab as the first-line treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter retrospective study with 104 patients was conducted at 12 institutions. PNI was calculated before treatment and after two courses of treatment in each case. We also focused on changes in PNI from the pretreatment value.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After two courses of chemotherapy plus nivolumab treatment, the high PNI group had significantly better rates of overall survival (OS) (p = 0.0016) and time to treatment failure (p = 0.0060). Low PNI was an independent prognostic factor predicting both therapeutic sensitivity to chemotherapy plus nivolumab treatment and poorer OS. Furthermore, correlation with low pretreatment PNI transitioning to high after two courses of treatment was not noted in any patient in the progressive disease group (p = 0.0075).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PNI is a score composed of a patient's albumin level and lymphocyte count that can be easily assessed in daily clinical practice. Evaluating it is easy for each treatment; thus, when there is a focus on its transition, PNI could be a very powerful biomarker for predicting treatment sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab on Skeletal Muscle Volume and Cardiac Function in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Hideki Nagumo, Hidenari Nagai, Koji Higai, Takahisa Matsuda, Yoshinori Igarashi","doi":"10.1159/000541674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000541674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pharmacological treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) includes sorafenib and lenvatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which are linked to low serum levels of carnitine and reduced skeletal muscle volume. Nowadays, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atezo/Bev) combination therapy is recommended as the first-line treatment for patients with uHCC. However, the association with decreased muscle mass or cardiac function is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of Atezo/Bev on skeletal muscle volume and cardiac function in patients with uHCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 55 adult Japanese patients with chronic liver diseases and uHCC treated with Atezo/Bev. Patients were divided into three groups according to age: middle, preold, and old. Serum levels of carnitine and cardiac function were measured before and after 3 weeks of treatment. The psoas muscle index (PMI) was measured before and after 6 weeks of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After treatment, the global longitudinal strain was significantly lower in the old group, whereas the PMI and ejection fraction were significantly lower in the preold and old groups. However, no significant difference in serum levels of total carnitine and those fractions with treatment in each group was found. Cardiac function decreased in the preold and old groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When treating patients with uHCC by Atezo/Bev, caution should be taken in preold and old patients because they are vulnerable to decreased skeletal muscle mass and deterioration of cardiac function. Strength training and regular monitoring of cardiac function are encouraged in these groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an Artificial Intelligence System for Distinguishing Malignant from Benign Soft Tissue Tumors Using Contrast-Enhanced MR Images.","authors":"Toru Hirozane, Masahiro Hashimoto, Hasnine Haque, Yuki Arita, Tomoaki Mori, Naofumi Asano, Robert Nakayama, Takeshi Morii, Naobumi Hosogane, Morio Matsumoto, Masaya Nakamura, Masahiro Jinzaki","doi":"10.1159/000542228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000542228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into orthopedics has enhanced the diagnosis of various conditions; however, its use in diagnosing soft-tissue tumors remains limited owing to its complexity. This study aimed to develop and assess an AI-driven diagnostic support system for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based soft-tissue tumor diagnosis, potentially improving accuracy and aiding radiologists and orthopedic surgeons.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Experienced orthopedic oncologists and radiologists annotated 720 images from 77 cases (41 benign and 36 malignant soft-tissue tumors). Eleven tumor subtypes were identified and classified into benign and malignant groups based on histological diagnosis. Utilizing the standard machine learning classifier pipeline, we examined and down-selected imaging protocols and their predominant radiomic features within the tumor's three-dimensional region to differentiate between benign and malignant tumors. Among the scan protocols, contrast-enhanced T1 weighted fat-suppressed images showed the most accurate classification based on radiomics features. We focused on the two-dimensional features from the largest tumor boundary surface and its neighboring slices, leveraging texture-based radiomic and deep convolutional neural network features from a pretrained VGG19 model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The test data comprised 44 contrast-enhanced images (22 benign and 22 malignant soft-tissue tumors) containing six malignant and five benign subtypes distinct from the training data. We compared expert and non-expert human performances against AI by assessing malignancy detection and the time required for classification. The AI model showed comparable accuracy (AUC 0.91) to that of radiologists (AUC 0.83) and orthopedic surgeons (AUC 0.73). Notably, the AI model processed data approximately 400 times faster than its human counterparts, showcasing its capacity to significantly boost diagnostic efficiency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We developed an AI-driven diagnostic support system for MRI-based soft-tissue tumor diagnosis. While additional refinement is necessary for clinical applications, our system has exhibited promising potential in differentiating between benign and malignant soft-tissue tumors based on MRI.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Survival Outcomes in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer after Mastectomy with or without Breast Reconstruction.","authors":"Heng Zhang, Aijie Zhang, Tingting Wei, Hongbo Huang, Ying Huang, Ze Zhang, Yijing Xu, Lingquan Kong, Yunhai Li, Fan Li","doi":"10.1159/000541771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000541771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is ongoing debate about the safety of breast reconstruction for patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) who have undergone total mastectomy (TM). More and more LABC patients are undergoing breast reconstruction after TM, but its long-term survival outcomes remain unclear. This study aims to compare the survival outcomes of LABC patients who underwent breast reconstruction after TM with those who did not, based on a large sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected data for all LABC patients who underwent TM with or without breast reconstruction in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We divided patients into two groups: TM group and total mastectomy with reconstruction (TM+R) group. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to eliminate imbalances of baseline data between the in tow groups. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests, Kaplan-Meier methods, and univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>We identified 39,112 eligible patients (33,169 patients received TM and 5,943 received TM+R), and 8,680 patients were matched after PSM (4,340 patients received TM and 4,340 received TM+R). Patients with middle age, white, married, lived in urban, IIB-IIIA stage, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), pathological grade II-III, hormone receptor positive, and undergone chemotherapy were more likely to receive breast reconstruction. After PSM, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed better OS and BCSS in the TM+R group versus the TM group (OS:P&lt;0.001; BCSS: P=0.008). Multivariate cox regression analysis showed that TM+R significantly improved OS and BCSS (OS: hazard ratio (HR) 0.73, 95% CI [0.68,0.79], P&lt;0.001; BCSS: 95% CI [0.79,0.94], P=0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that patients with old age, white, and hormone receptor positive had better OS and BCSS by TM+R compared to TM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Breast reconstruction after total mastectomy is associated with better OS and BCSS in patients with LABC.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world analysis of the correlation between overall survival and progression-free survival in advanced pancreatic cancer: Results of NAPOLEON-1 and 2 studies.","authors":"Tomonori Araki, Machiko Kawahira, Mototsugu Shimokawa, Taiga Otsuka, Kohei Hayashi, Yuki Sonoda, Takuya Honda, Kazuhiko Nakao, Taro Shibuki, Junichi Nakazawa, Shiho Arima, Masaru Fukahori, Keisuke Miwa, Futa Koga, Yujiro Ueda, Yoshihito Kubotsu, Akitaka Makiyama, Hozumi Shimokawa, Shigeyuki Takeshita, Kazuo Nishikawa, Azusa Komori, Satoshi Otsu, Ayumu Hosokawa, Tatsunori Sakai, Hisanobu Oda, Shuji Arita, Hiroki Taguchi, Kengo Tsuneyoshi, Yasunori Kawaguchi, Toshihiro Fujita, Takahiro Sakae, Kenta Nio, Yasushi Ide, Norio Ureshino, Tsuyoshi Shirakawa, Toshihiko Mizuta, Kenji Mitsugi","doi":"10.1159/000542137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000542137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) improve overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with pancreatic cancer, compared with gemcitabine (GEM). However, whether PFS is a surrogate marker of OS in pancreatic cancer chemotherapy focusing on FOLFIRINOX or GEM plus nab-paclitaxel remains unknown. We aimed to verify whether PFS can be a surrogate marker of OS in prognosis prediction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an integrated analysis of the NAPOLEON study and retrospective cohort of the NAPOLEON-2 study-a multicenter observational study conducted in Japan, using real-world data. The primary and secondary endpoints were OS and PFS, respectively. The correlation between OS and PFS in first- and second-line treatments was assessed using Method of Moments estimation. An analysis was performed in patients with confirmed OS at the end of follow-up. The NAPOLEON-2 cohort included only patients who received 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and nanoliposomal irinotecan (NFF) as second-line treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 479 patients, the correlation between PFS and OS from first- and second-line chemotherapies was calculated in 310 and 225 patients, respectively. The R-squared values for the correlation between PFS and OS from first- and second-line chemotherapies were 0.74 and 0.76, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in first-line treatment between the FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel groups (P=0.92). Therefore, the FOLFIRINOX group may not have shown a stronger correlation than the NFF group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PFS can be a surrogate marker of OS in first- and second-line therapies. Appropriate prognostic estimation might contribute to proper treatment selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue and imaging biomarkers of response to neoadjuvant nivolumab or nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Michael LaPelusa, Shadi Chamseddine, Hop Sanderson Tran Cao, Lianchun Xiao, Elshad Hasanov, Priya Bhosale, Hesham M Amin, Yehia I Mohamed, Betul Gok Yavuz, Yara Sakr, Li Xu, Ian Hu, Sunyoung S Lee, Divya Sakamuri, Sonali Jindal, Van Nguyen, Michael A Curran, Ryan Sun, Asif Rashid, Dan Gabriel Duda, Padmanee Sharma, Aliya Qayyum, Ahmed Omar Kaseb","doi":"10.1159/000541250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000541250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Perioperative immunotherapy has shown promise in some patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study examined tissue and imaging biomarkers associated with pathologic response in a phase II clinical trial in patients with resectable HCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analysis included 18 patients with biopsy-proven resectable HCC treated with neoadjuvant nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab alone in a phase II clinical trial at MD Anderson Cancer Center (NCT03222076). Liver MRE (to measure tissue fibrosis) and biopsies (to evaluate immune activation markers) were obtained serially pretreatment and after completing neoadjuvant immunotherapy. A major pathologic response (MPR) was defined as tumor necrosis of more than 70%. Data comparing patients with MPR versus those without was summarized using descriptive statistics and compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with MPR after neoadjuvant immunotherapy tended to have larger tumors (mean 9.52 vs. 4.99 centimeters; p = 0.050). They had a significant reduction in tumor size post-treatment (14.67% reduction vs. 9.15% increase in size; p = 0.042) and a non-significant decrease in serum AFP (-24.20% vs -14.00%; p = 0.085). Further, patients with MPR had a greater increase in intratumoral expression levels of CD8 (26.92% vs -0.04%; p = 0.026), Granzyme B (15.56% vs -2.24%; p = 0.011), and PD-1 (20.17% vs 0.40%; p = 0.048) but not PD-L1 (7.69% vs 0.57%; p = 0.26). Tumor and liver fibrosis were comparable before and after neoadjuvant therapy in patients with MPR versus non-responders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Changes in tumor size and immune cell infiltration and activation are candidate predictive markers of pathologic response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with resectable HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poor Tolerability of Lenvatinib in Elderly Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Disease Progression following First-Line Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab: A Multicenter Study.","authors":"Daisuke Kato, Takanori Suzuki, Kentaro Matsuura, Kohei Okayama, Fumihiro Okumura, Yoshihito Nagura, Satoshi Sobue, Katsumi Hayashi, Atsunori Kusakabe, Izumi Hasegawa, Sho Matoya, Tsutomu Mizoshita, Yoshihide Kimura, Hiromu Kondo, Atsushi Ozasa, Hayato Kawamura, Kei Fujiwara, Shunsuke Nojiri, Hiromi Kataoka","doi":"10.1159/000541455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000541455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We investigated the effectiveness of lenvatinib (LEN) after disease progression following first-line treatment with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and ten HCC patients treated with Atez/Bev as first-line systemic chemotherapy were enrolled and underwent dynamic computerized tomography/magnetic resonance imaging to determine the treatment response. We evaluated the treatment efficacy and prognosis after second-line LEN treatment, especially in elderly patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 110 study patients, 88 patients (80%) were determined to have progressive disease (PD) during the observation periods, and 40 patients received second-line LEN therapy. The 40 patients included 13 patients who were unable to continue LEN until the initial evaluation due to adverse events (AE). The 27 patients who were able to continue LEN therapy (Group A) were significantly younger at initiation of Atez/Bev than those who could not continue (71 vs. 77 years old, p = 0.013). Comparing the OS and PFS between Group A and 44 patients that included 13 patients who were unable to continue LEN and 31 patients did not receive the second-line treatment (Group B), the former had significantly better OS than Group B (31.1 vs. 17.8 months, p = 0.035).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The tolerability of second-line LEN therapy was lower in elderly patients, and the OS from the start of Atez/Bev therapy was different depending on the tolerability of second-line LEN therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of immune-related gene signature model for predicting lung cancer survival and response to immunotherapy.","authors":"Wenrong Lin, XiaoJun Cai, YiJin Lin, Weikun Su, Guibin Weng, Lin Chen, Jianming Ding, Yibin Cai","doi":"10.1159/000541990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000541990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies have shown that immune-related genes play a crucial role in tumor development and treatment. However, the specific roles and potential value of these genes in lung cancer patients are still not fully understood. Therefore, this study aims to establish a novel risk model based on immune-related genes for evaluating the prognostic risk and response to immune therapy in lung cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Gene expression and clinical data of lung cancer patients were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, while immune-related genes were obtained from the ImmPort database. A risk signature model was developed using univariate Cox analysis and LASSO regression analysis. The prognostic value of the model and its response to immunotherapy were analyzed by survival analysis, immune infiltration analysis and immunotherapy response analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We have developed a risk signature model based on eight key immune-related genes, which can classify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. The prognosis of the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group and was validated in multiple GEO datasets. The mutation frequency was lower in the low-risk group compared to the high-risk group (TP53: 55% vs 65%; TTN: 52% vs 60%; CSMD3: 34% vs 45%). Futhermore,  CD274 expression was lower in the low-risk patients, and the high-risk patients in the IMvigor210 cohort had lower survival. Immune infiltration analyses showed that the high-risk group was negatively correlated with the infiltration level of B cells, CD4+ T cells, and NK cells. Importantly, patients in the low-risk group exhibit significantly lower TIDE scores, suggesting that they are more responsive to immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study has established a novel and robust immune-related gene risk model that can assist in evaluating the prognostic risk and immune therapy response of lung cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}