Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Hypo-Fractionated versus Standard Fractionation Radiotherapy in Frail and Elderly Patients with Central Nervous System Solitary Fibrous Tumors.","authors":"Ory Haisraely, Marcia Jaffe, Alisa Taliansky, Zvi R Cohen, Yaakov R Lawerence","doi":"10.1159/000543847","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Central nervous system solitary fibrous tumors (cSFTs) are rare, accounting for less than 1% of central nervous system tumors. Treatment guidelines are limited, especially for frail or elderly patients. Gross total resection followed by radiotherapy is recommended for higher grade cases, but the role of hypofractionated (HF) radiotherapy versus standard fractionation (SF) in this population remains unclear. This study evaluates outcomes of HF compared to SF in frail patients with cSFT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of 51 frail patients (age >65, Karnofsky performance status [KPS] <80) with cSFT treated from 2015 to 2023 was performed. Patients received either HF (21 patients) or SF (30 patients). Data extracted included demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical outcomes, radiation regimens, and oncologic outcomes. Descriptive and survival analyses were conducted using the Kaplan-Meier methods, with multivariable analysis via Cox regression models to assess factors influencing local control and overall survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median follow-up was 19 months (11-55 months). HF regimens varied from 35-48 Gy in 10-15 fractions, while SF was predominantly 54-60 Gy in 28-30 fractions. Local control was achieved in 76.2% of HF and 80% of SF patients (p = 0.154). No statistical difference in overall survival was observed between HF (18 months) and SF (18 months, p = 0.54). Higher tumor grade (HR = 3.5, p = 0.021) and incomplete resection (HR = 0.72, p = 0.035) negatively impacted local control. KPS ≤50 was associated with reduced survival (HR = 2.3, p = 0.035).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HF radiotherapy appears feasible and safe for frail patients with cSFT, providing comparable outcomes to SF. The reduced treatment burden of HF may benefit patients with limited performance status. Further research is needed to guide optimal treatment approaches for this unique population. HF vs. SF radiotherapy in frail and elderly patients with cSFTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143503040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Core-Binding Factor Rearrangements: A 10-Year Cancer Center Experience.","authors":"Shehab Fareed, Dina Sameh Soliman, Abdulrahman F Al-Mashdali, Amna Gameil, Yahya Mulikandathil, Awni Alshurafa, ElMustafa Abdalla, Abdallah Fadul, Sarah Aldali, Deena Mudawi, Kaplana Singh, Feryal Ibrahim, Anas Hamad, Honar Cherif, Mohamed Yassin","doi":"10.1159/000544049","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Core-binding factor-acute myeloid leukemia (CBF-AML) is characterized by t(8;21) or inv(16)/t(16;16) chromosomal rearrangements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study of 71 CBF-AML cases from Qatar's National Center for Cancer Care and Research (2013-2022), we analyzed clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort was predominantly male (76%) with a median age of 40 years, and 96% were de novo AML. The t(8;21) translocation was more frequent (69%) than inv(16)/t(16;16). Patients under 40 years showed higher white blood cell counts and blast percentages. Standard \"3 + 7\" induction chemotherapy (used in 69% of cases) achieved remission in 67% of patients. Median overall survival was 81% at 37 months, with median progression-free survival of 34 months. No significant survival differences were observed based on FLT3-ITD status, translocation type, complex karyotype, KIT mutation status, or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (performed in 19% of patients), though patients under 60 years demonstrated better survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights CBF-AML heterogeneity and challenges established prognostic markers, suggesting a need for risk stratification reassessment, treatment strategy optimization, ELN guideline implementation, and continuous molecular monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stage I Non-Seminomatous Testicular Cancer: Long-Term Follow-Up with Surveillance Approach Post-Orchiectomy.","authors":"Jorge Martínez-Cedillo, Diego A Díaz-García, César Infante-González, Beatriz Mota-Vega, David Heredia, Alejandro Cabrera-Urbina, Miguel Ángel Álvarez Avitia, Nora Sobrevilla, Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Ríos, Juan W Zinser-Sierra","doi":"10.1159/000544105","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adjuvant treatment for patients with stage I non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs) could be active surveillance (AS), chemotherapy, or retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. AS is the preferred option in most cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term survival and prognostic factors in our population with AS approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected information from patients with stage I NSGCT of the testis in medical records from 1995 to 2016. Patients had negative serum tumor markers and imaging of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis with no evidence of metastasis. At relapse, if occurs, patients were treated with chemotherapy, surgery, or both. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival. Relationships with outcomes were analyzed using multivariable Cox regression and log-rank analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 457 patients were included. The median age at diagnosis was 25 years. The median follow-up was 65.3 months (range 12-270 months). Relapses were detected in 92 (20%) patients with a median time to recurrence of 7.1 months (range 1.1-123 months). Retroperitoneal lymph nodes were the most common site of relapsed (41.3%), and most patients presented biochemical and imaging recurrence (67.4%). Vascular invasion (VI) was significantly associated with recurrence (HR 2.38 [95% CI: 1.24-4.56], p = 0.008) in the multivariate analysis and rete testis invasion in the univariate analysis (p = 0.027). After salvage treatment, 83 (91.1%) patients were disease free. The overall survival was 98.25% at 20 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AS is an effective non-adapted risk-based approach in patients with stage I NSGCT. Almost 100% are alive at 20 years. Nearly all relapses were cured with salvage therapy. Toxicity related to adjuvant treatments, as well as overtreatment, could be avoided.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning and Radiomics for Gastric Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis: Automated Segmentation and Multi-Machine Learning Study from Two Centers.","authors":"Hui Shang, Yue Fang, Yuyang Zhao, Nan Mi, Zhendong Cao, Yi Zheng","doi":"10.1159/000544179","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The objective of this study was to develop an automated method for segmenting spleen computed tomography (CT) images using a deep learning model. This approach is intended to address the limitations of manual segmentation, which is known to be susceptible to interobserver variability. Subsequently, a prediction model of gastric cancer (GC) lymph node metastasis was constructed in conjunction with radiomics and deep learning features, and a nomogram was generated to explore the clinical guiding significance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled 284 patients with pathologically confirmed GC from two centers. We employed a deep learning model, U-Mamba, to obtain fully automatic segmentation of the spleen CT images. Subsequently, radiomics features and deep learning features were extracted from the entire spleen CT images, and significant features were identified through dimensionality reduction. The clinical features, radiomic features, and deep learning features were organized and integrated, and five machine learning methods were employed to develop 15 predictive models. Ultimately, the model exhibiting superior performance was presented in the form of a nomogram.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12 radiomics features, 17 deep learning features, and 2 clinical features were deemed valuable. The DRC model demonstrated superior discriminative capacity relative to other models. A nomogram was constructed based on the logistic clinical model to facilitate the usage and verification of the clinical model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Radiomics and deep learning features derived from automated spleen segmentation to construct a nomogram demonstrate efficacy in predicting lymph node metastasis in GC. Concurrently, fully automated segmentation provides a novel and reproducible approach for radiomics research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and Risk Factors of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-related Pneumonitis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Linhong Cui, Kunxiang Cheng, Mingxin Cui, Xiaomei Li","doi":"10.1159/000543556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000543556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (ICI-P) is a life-threatening complication, limiting immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) clinical application in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). But risk factors for developing ICI-P have not been well defined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed a retrospective analysis method. Following approval from the Ethics Committee of Chinese PLA General Hospital, we retrieved patient information on NSCLC registered in the hospital's PRIDE workstation, selecting patients who received treatment with ICIs from January 1, 2018 to September 30, 2023. Complete medical records of patients were collected and verified. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent high-risk factors for the occurrence of ICI-P.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 753 patients with NSCLC who received treatment with ICIs were included, with mean age of (63±9.5) years. 102 patients diagnosed with ICI-P were identified, resulting in an incidence rate of 13.5%. Development of ICI-P was independently associated with history of interstitial lung disease (ILD) (OR, 3.85; CI, 1.99-7.46; P<0.001), prior thoracic radiotherapy (OR, 2.65; CI, 1.56-4.48; P<0.001), concurrent thoracic radiotherapy (OR, 3.56; CI, 1.69-7.47; P<0.001) and treatment with programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors compared with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors (OR, 3.54; CI, 1.05-11.98; P=0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Independent risk factors for ICI-P occurrence included the history of ILD, previous chest radiotherapy, concurrent chest radiotherapy, and the use of PD-1 inhibitors (compared to non-PD-1 inhibitors). Specialty assessment of ILD before treatment and cautious use of ICIs in radiotherapy patients, represent feasible strategies to prevent the occurrence of ICI-P.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment and Reasons for Choosing Treatment in Breast Cancer Patients Who Underwent Next-Generation Sequencing Test.","authors":"Rumi Nishimura, Kazuki Sudo, Rui Kitadai, Asuka Kawachi, Munehiro Ito, Mai Hoshino, Shosuke Kita, Ayumi Saito, Yuki Kojima, Aiko Maejima, Emi Noguchi, Hitomi S Okuma, Takafumi Koyama, Tatsunori Shimoi, Kan Yonemori","doi":"10.1159/000543732","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is commonly used in clinical practice to decide treatment based on genomic information. This study was performed to optimize the proportion of actionable gene profiling and treatment based on genetic alterations in breast cancer at one of the cancer centers in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with breast cancer who reported NGS results at one of the cancer centers in Japan from August 2019 to December 2023 were retrospectively investigated by reviewing their electronic medical records. Patients were examined using the OncoGuide™ NCC Oncopanel System, FoundationOne® CDx, or FoundationOne® Liquid CDx. The evidence levels for drug recommendation were added for each gene alteration according to the guidelines from three Japanese oncology-related societies. \"Actionable alterations\" were those at evidence levels A-D, including high microsatellite instability and high tumor mutation burden status. \"Patients with recommended drug\" (approved, investigational, and off-label drugs) were defined as those who were selected by the Molecular Tumor Board.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 106 patients, 54 were tested using the NCC Oncopanel System and 50 using FoundationOne CDx. The most frequent alterations were TP53 mutations (52.8%) and PIK3CA mutations (31.1%). Of the 56 patients (52.8%) with recommended drugs, 11 (10.4%) received genome-matched therapy and only three (2.8%) participated in clinical trials. The most common reason for not receiving genome-matched therapy was patient refusal for personal reasons, although clinical trials were available (18 patients).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The top reasons for patients not receiving the recommended genome-matched therapy were factors related to the patient, including a number of prior treatments higher than what was allowed by the eligibility criteria of the clinical trials, and poor physical condition. Most patients received four or more regimens of cytotoxic chemotherapy before NGS. NGS is only available at the late phase of treatment in Japan, which would constitute a problem for the treatment of breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathologic Spectrum and Clinical Management of Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Sarcomas.","authors":"Anna K Stenzl, Carolin Mogler, Amir Bolooki, Felix Johnson, Olivia Jeleff-Wölfler, Ulrich Strassen, Benedikt G Hofauer","doi":"10.1159/000543016","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sarcomas are rare mesenchymal malignancies (<1% of all cancer types), with 5-15% occurring in the head and neck. Common types include osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. They often recur and have poor survival rates. Treatment involves surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy, utilizing a multidisciplinary approach. This study aimed to overview sarcomas at our hospital and illustrated the interdisciplinary management of pharyngeal and laryngeal cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center study provides a comprehensive analysis of head and neck sarcomas (HNS) and examines interdisciplinary treatment approaches for pharyngeal and laryngeal sarcomas in patients treated at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Technical University of Munich, from 2007 to 2022. The study encompasses data on age, gender, histopathological diagnoses, treatment modalities, follow-up, and outcomes, with an emphasis on histopathological findings and collaborative therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-seven cases of HNS were identified (2007-2022). Among these, 11 were pharyngeal or laryngeal sarcomas. All pharyngeal sarcomas underwent primary resection with reconstruction based on tumor location and extent. In laryngeal sarcomas, 3 required laryngectomy, 1 had a hemilaryngectomy, and 1 patient opted for primary radiochemotherapy over laryngopharyngectomy. Adjuvant radiotherapy was given in 5 cases, and radiochemotherapy in 3. Diagnoses included a range of soft tissue and bone sarcomas, such as liposarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. During the study period, 4 patients survived, 5 patients were noted as deceased, and survival data for 2 patients remain unavailable. Patients exhibited an average survival of 7.6 (±10.4) years. The survival times within this limited patient population exhibit significant variation. Histologically, a wide spectrum of low and high-grade soft tissue and bone sarcomas were diagnosed including liposarcoma, synovial sarcoma, Ewing, osteosarcoma, or chondrosarcoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HNS are rare and challenging to treat. Surgery is the primary treatment, with postoperative radiotherapy recommended for incomplete resections or high-risk subtypes. Advanced surgical techniques and reconstruction allow for radical resections while preserving function. Incorporating genetic insights and better sarcoma classification can further optimize treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Survival of Node-Positive Breast Cancer with Complete Nodal Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Treated with Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Alone: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Yunfeng Ding, Wanbo Wu, Xiaofeng Ni, Zhanwei Wang","doi":"10.1159/000543662","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There exist concerns regarding the use of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy alone in node-positive breast cancer patients who have a clinical/radiological complete response in the axilla and are negative on histopathology after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). We hereby conducted a meta-analysis examining 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of such patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, the Cochrane CENTRAL Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched up to July 30, 2024, for studies reporting survival data. OS and DFS were pooled in a meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on the location of the study, pre-NACT node assessment, and SLN mapping technique. Random-effects meta-regression was conducted for the following moderators: age, initial T3-4, initial N2-3, breast-conserving surgery, breast pathological complete response (pCR), number of SLN removed, adjuvant radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, and follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen studies with 5,249 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that node-positive breast cancer patients showing nodal pCR after NACT and undergoing only SLN biopsy had a 5-year OS and DFS of 94% (95% CI: 92%, 96%) and 89% (95% CI: 87%, 92%), respectively. There was not much variation in the survival rate on sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Meta-regression showed that OS and DFS were higher in studies with a greater number of patients receiving endocrine therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Breast cancer patients with cN+ who achieve a complete clinical/radiological axillary response after NACT and subsequently become SLN biopsy negative may have high rates of DFS and OS after 5 years. Given the high degree of heterogeneity, results should be interpreted with caution. We do not recommend change in treatment plans given the high risk of bias and large heterogeneity in the patient population included in the studies. Only high-quality large multicentric randomized trials can provide better evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Immune-Related Adverse Events of Pembrolizumab Using FAERS Database.","authors":"Feilong Tan, Li Zhou, Guijiang Huang, Yanhua Li, Wenjie Yin, Hongying Xia","doi":"10.1159/000543520","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pembrolizumab is a PD-1 inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, esophageal cancer and other malignant tumors. The safety profile of pembrolizumab across a broad patient population over an extended timeframe remains unverified. This study aims to investigate the adverse events (AEs) related to pembrolizumab and provide references for its safe and rational clinical use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study used FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data reported from July 2014 to September 2023, Risk estimation was conducted using the proportional reporting ratio (PRR). AEs were classified and analyzed according to the system organ class (SOC) and preferred term (PT) from the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 37,511 AE reports were identified, involving 5,259 PTs and 22 SOCs. Using the PRR method, 931 positive signals were detected. The top 10 risk signals were all immune-related AEs (irAEs) and important medical events (IMEs). The five PTs with the highest signal intensity were immune-mediated hypothyroidism, immune-mediated renal disorder, immune-mediated hepatic disorder, immune-mediated gastritis, and immune-mediated hyperthyroidism. The leading SOCs involved in AE reports were general disorders and administration site conditions, investigations, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders, and injury, poisoning, and procedural complications. The median time to onset of AE was 25 days (interquartile range [IQR] 6-85 days), with the Weibull distribution test indicating an early failure-type curve. Gender and age analysis revealed that women were more likely to develop hypertension, alopecia, headache, hypothyroidism, and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, whereas men were more likely to develop interstitial lung disease, renal impairment, and death. Additionally, neutropenia was more prevalent in patients under 65 years of age, while interstitial lung disease and renal impairment were more common in patients aged 65 and above.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Significant age- and gender-related differences were observed in AE signals with pembrolizumab, particularly for irAEs. Clinical attention should be directed toward the potential occurrence of irAEs at the initial stages of drug administration, with appropriate measures implemented as necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden Resources for Cancer Patients: Interactions between Spirituality, Religiosity, and Selected Factors Influencing Patient's Self-Care.","authors":"Sebastian Ruhe, Helmut Orawa, Jutta Hübner, Jens Büntzel","doi":"10.1159/000543312","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Religiosity and spirituality (SpR) can be vital in helping people face life's challenges. While spiritual care (SpC) is used in palliative care, this study explores effects for cancer patient's self-care (SC) in earlier stages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using validated instruments, we surveyed patients about SpR (SpNQ-20, GrAw-7, SpREUK), and factors of SC: well-being (WHO-5, L-1), self-efficacy (ASKU), ability to change (PIAC), as well as lay etiology and the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Data were analyzed using SPSS according to a three-step plan with descriptive methods, Spearman correlations, and mediation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 108 patients (41 female, 63 males, four no data) with a median age of 66 years (range 30-89). Welch tests show a less well-being, self-efficacy and ability to change in our study population (p < 0.05) compared to non-cancer controls. The Mann-Whitney U test documented that patients who described themselves as spiritual and/or religious (S/R+) had a higher level of well-being and CAM use (p < 0.05) compared to those who did not. S/R self-categorization had no impact on PIAC and ASKU. Perceptual spirituality (GrAw-7) correlates with all factors of SC (p < 0.05): WHO-5 (rs = 0.25), PIAC (rs = 0.25), ASKU (rs = 0.30), L-1 (rs = 0.35), and CAM use (rs = 0.39, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis demonstrates that the impact of spirituality on SC (CAM use) is mediated by religiosity, GrAw-7, and spiritual needs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spirituality and hidden spiritual needs are a valuable resource. By integrating SpC early in the treatment, we can create support ways and improve SC, well-being, and coping.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}