Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Unsupervised Dynamic Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Reporting of Immunotherapy-Related Symptoms in Cancer Patients.","authors":"Anna Kristina Stauffacher, Louise von Stockar, Hans-Friedrich Witschel, Stefanie Hayoz, Ulf Petrausch, Thomas Schmid, Andreas Jakob, Gerd A Kullak-Ublick, Andreas Trojan","doi":"10.1159/000546026","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The use of electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) in patients has been demonstrated to improve patient care and symptom management in curative and palliative settings. We examined the electronic and dynamic reporting of wellbeing, symptoms, and cognition in unsupervised patients with solid cancers of bladder, breast, and lung in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and metastatic therapy settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment were provided a mobile smartphone app for standardized and structured reporting on wellbeing and symptoms according to the CTCAE criteria, as well as cognitive test and vital parameters. Data of 11 patients were available for descriptive analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The eleven patients presented here entered a total of 9,624 symptom ratings and rated their wellbeing 2,983 times. Patients recorded a median number of symptom entries of 453 (IQR 109-1401). 49 different symptoms were reported in total with a median of 8 per patient (IQR 4-15). Of the 24 symptoms that were frequently shared among multiple patients, all are considered clinically relevant and associated with immunotherapeutic interventions. The most commonly patient-reported symptoms were fatigue (82%), diarrhea (45%), limb and muscle pain (45%), sleep problems (45%), and dyspnea (36%). Overall, symptoms severity was reported at grades between 0.1 (very mild) and 9.0 (very severe), at a mean grade of 2.6. The most severely rated unique entry was for limb and muscle pain; edema of limbs showed the highest mean rating (5.9). The median duration of app use was 195 days (IQR 108-472). The descriptive analysis showed a general trend of patients with higher grade symptoms reporting a lower grade of wellbeing but no clear association with cognitive performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Unsupervised patients showed high app usage adherence and frequency of data entries, which was comparable to previous reports on supervised patients undergoing immunotherapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Value of the Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, Platelet Score in Metastatic Mesothelioma: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Ozlem Dogan, Yakup Duzkopru, Tulay Eren","doi":"10.1159/000547271","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Malignant mesothelioma is a rare but aggressive cancer with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, Platelet (HALP) score, reflecting inflammation and nutritional status, is a potential prognostic marker in various cancers. Our study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the HALP score in mesothelioma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 68 metastatic mesothelioma patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2023. Clinical and laboratory data were collected, and HALP scores were calculated at the time of metastasis. Patients were divided into HALP-low and HALP-high groups based on the median HALP score. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and prognostic factors were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median HALP score was 24.85. The median OS for the entire cohort was 11.59 months. Patients with low HALP scores had significantly worse OS (7.81 months) compared to those with high HALP scores (16.36 months) (p = 0.01). Similarly, median PFS was significantly shorter in the HALP-low group (7.29 months) compared to the HALP-high group (12.12 months) (p = 0.02). In multivariate analysis, low HALP score (p = 0.02) and de novo metastatic disease (p = 0.01) remained independent prognostic factors for OS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that the HALP score is an independent prognostic biomarker in metastatic mesothelioma. Low HALP scores are associated with worse OS and PFS. Given its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, the HALP score may be a valuable tool for risk stratification and treatment decision-making in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Chemotherapy Combined with Anlotinib in Advanced Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Primary Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Yonghong Li, Yirui Liu, Yi Peng, Jing Tang, Xiaobing Li","doi":"10.1159/000546834","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination therapy with chemotherapy and anlotinib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR mutations who exhibit primary resistant to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical data were collected from patients with advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations and exhibiting primary resistance to EGFR-TKI, who were treated with a combination of chemotherapy and anlotinib. The primary endpoints were overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate, overall survival (OS), and treatment-related adverse events (AEs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 34 patients with advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations and exhibiting primary resistance to EGFR-TKI were enrolled. The ORR and DCR for the treatment with chemotherapy plus anlotinib were 32.35% and 64.71%, respectively. The median PFS and OS were 5 months and 9 months, respectively. Compared to patients with EGFR exon 19 deletion mutations, those with EGFR exon 21 L858R mutations derived greater benefit from the treatment (mPFS = 4.0 months vs. 5.0 months, p < 0.05; mOS = 9.0 months vs. 10.0 months, p < 0.05). The common AEs were myelosuppression, hypertension, proteinuria, and hand-foot syndrome. Most AEs were mild and well tolerated. These findings suggest that chemotherapy combined with anlotinib may be a promising strategy to overcome primary resistance to EGFR-TKIs in patients with advanced NSCLC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of chemotherapy and anlotinib appears to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment strategy in patients with advanced NSCLC exhibiting primary resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings and investigate long-term clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio during Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab Therapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Predicts Long-Term Therapeutic Efficacy: A Multicenter Analysis.","authors":"Ryo Sato, Takanori Suzuki, Kentaro Matsuura, Daisuke Kato, Katsumi Hayashi, Kohei Okayama, Fumihiro Okumura, Satoshi Sobue, Atsunori Kusakabe, Izumi Hasegawa, Kiyoto Narita, Tsutomu Mizoshita, Yoshihide Kimura, Hiromu Kondo, Hisayo Kojima, Kazuki Hayashi, Atsushi Ozasa, Hayato Kawamura, Kei Fujiwara, Shunsuke Nojiri, Hiromi Kataoka","doi":"10.1159/000547264","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (ATZ/BEV) is used for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (u-HCC). However, there are few reports investigating the predictors of whether or not disease control can be achieved for long periods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 106 u-HCC patients who were treated with ATZ/BEV as the first-line systemic chemotherapy and were evaluated as nonprogressive disease (non-PD) in their initial assessments. They were divided into two groups: patients who had achieved disease control (non-PD) for more than 6 months, Group-L, and patients who had progressed (PD) within 6 months, Group-S. We investigated the predictors of long-term therapeutic efficacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients in Group-L had significantly lower neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLR) (the ratios of NLR at the start of the second course of ATZ/BEV to their pretreatment levels) than Group-S (p = 0.044), and the optimal cutoff value was 1.129. The patients with an NLR ratio <1.129 had longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than those with an NLR ratio ≥1.129 (median: 16 vs. 6 months, p = 0.016 for PFS; not reached vs. 22 months, p = 0.007 for OS). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that an NLR ratio ≥1.129 was an independent predictor for unfavorable PFS and OS (hazard ratio [HR] 2.03, p = 0.022 for PFS; HR 2.37, p = 0.019 for OS).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In u-HCC patients treated with ATZ/BEV, a lower NLR ratio was associated with a durable response, which led to favorable PFS and OS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upregulated Claudin-18.2 Is a Poor Prognostic Indicator for Rectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Preoperative Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy.","authors":"Chia-Lin Chou, Han-Ping Hsu, Wan-Shan Li, Sung-Wei Lee, Ching-Chieh Yang, Yu-Feng Tian, Cheng-Yi Lin, Hung-Chang Wu, Yow-Ling Shiue, Yu-Hsuan Kuo","doi":"10.1159/000547239","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Claudins are essential for tight junctions, maintaining cell adhesion, regulating intercellular molecule movement, and preserving cellular polarity. Altered claudin expression can lead to dysfunctions, potentially contributing to oncogenesis in epithelial cancers. The role of CLDN18.2 in rectal cancer is not well understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed tissue samples from 343 rectal cancer patients who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) followed by proctectomy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Upregulated CLDN18.2 expression was associated with older age (p = 0.016), higher pre-CCRT tumor N stage (p = 0.014), higher post-CCRT tumor T stage (p = 0.005), more vascular invasion (p = 0.008), and worse tumor regression (p < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed high CLDN18.2 expression correlated with worse disease-free survival (p < 0.0001), local recurrence-free survival (p < 0.0001), and metastasis-free survival (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis indicated high CLDN18.2 expression was associated with inferior disease-specific survival (p < 0.001) and metastasis-free survival (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated CLDN18.2 expression is associated with adverse clinical outcomes and pathological features, yet suggests a more unfavorable treatment response in rectal cancer patients undergoing CCRT, indicating its potential as a biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a General Large Language Model-Based Classification System to Retrieve Information about Oncological Trials.","authors":"Fabio Dennstädt, Paul Windisch, Irina Filchenko, Johannes Zink, Paul Martin Putora, Ahmed Shaheen, Roberto Gaio, Nikola Cihoric, Marie Wosny, Stefanie Aeppli, Max Schmerder, Mohamed Shelan, Janna Hastings","doi":"10.1159/000546946","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The automated classification of clinical trials and key categories within the medical literature is increasingly relevant, particularly in oncology, as the volume of publications and trial reports continues to expand. Large language models (LLMs) may provide new opportunities for automating diverse classification tasks. They could be used for general-purpose text classification, retrieving information about oncological trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A general text classification framework with adaptable prompt, model and categories for the classification was developed. The framework was tested with four datasets comprising nine binary classification questions related to oncological trials. Evaluation was conducted using a locally hosted Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct v0.1-GPTQ model and three cloud-based LLMs: Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct v0.1, Llama3.1-70B-Instruct, and Qwen-2.5-72B.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The system consistently produced valid responses with the local Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct model and the Llama3.1-70B-Instruct model. It achieved a response validity rate of 99.70% and 99.88% for the cloud-based Mixtral and Qwen models, respectively. Across all models, the framework achieved an overall accuracy of >94%, precision of >92%, recall of >90%, and an F1-score of >92%. Question-specific accuracy ranged from 86.33% to 99.83% for the local Mixtral model, 85.49%-99.83% for the cloud-based Mixtral model, 90.50%-99.83% for the Llama3.1 model, and 77.13%-99.83% for the Qwen model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The LLM-based classification framework exhibits robust accuracy and adaptability across various oncological trial classification tasks. While there remain some challenges such as strong prompt dependence and high computational and hardware demands, LLMs will play a crucial role in automating the classification of oncological trials and literature as the technology continues to advance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FDG-PET/CT and CT Compared for Evaluation of Tumor Response to First-Line Immunotherapy and Prediction of Prognosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients.","authors":"Kazuhiro Kitajima, Kosuke Matsuda, Toshiyuki Minami, Akifumi Nakamura, Kozo Kuribayashi, Soichiro Funaki, Takashi Kijima, Koichiro Yamakado","doi":"10.1159/000546339","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Immunotherapy-modified Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (imPERCIST) using FDG-PET/CT and immune-related Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (irRECIST) using CT were compared for evaluation of response, prognosis prediction, and effect on patient management in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with first-line immunotherapy, or immunotherapy and chemotherapy combined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-three patients (26 males, median 68.0 years old) with histologically NSCLC without EGFR/ALK/KRAS alterations underwent pembrolizumab treatment only or immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy. FDG-PET/CT and diagnostic CT scanning was performed at the baseline and after two to four cycles (2 in 8, 3 in 12, 4 in 13 patients). Findings for therapeutic response obtained with imPERCIST and irRECIST were compared. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were examined using log-rank and Cox methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>imPERCIST indicated that 10 patients had complete metabolic response (CMR), eight partial metabolic response (PMR), three stable metabolic disease (SMD), and 12 progressive metabolic disease (PMD), while irRECIST showed that two had complete response (CR), 14 PR, nine SD, and eight PD, indicating substantial concordance (κ = 0.615). Twenty-eight patients showed progression and 18 died from NSCLC after a median 16.2 months. Patients showing response based on imPERCIST and irRECIST (CMR/PMR, CR/PR, respectively) showed significantly longer PFS and OS than nonresponders (SMD/PMD, SD/PD, respectively) (imPERCIST: p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0001, respectively; irRECIST: p = 0.0018 and p = 0.011, respectively). imPERCIST resulted in a change of management in 12 of the 33 patients (36.3%) with an additional effect on patient management in 4 patients (12.1%) evaluated by irRECIST.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For evaluation of NSCLC patients for tumor response and patient management following first-line immunotherapy or that combined with chemotherapy, and predicting prognosis, both FDG-PET/CT and CT findings are accurate, with FDG-PET/CT being superior.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Obesity on Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Receiving Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy.","authors":"Jia Yi Tan, Yong Hao Yeo, Hermon Kha Kin Wong, Shatha Elemian, Marwa Mir, Qi Xuan Ang, Arya Mariam Roy, Daniel Ezekwudo, Hamid S Shaaban","doi":"10.1159/000545933","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Obesity has been associated with poorer outcomes in conventional cancer therapies. However, its impact on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate how obesity affects in-hospital outcomes in patients with DLBCL receiving CAR-T therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the National Readmission Database (NRD), we included adults' age ≥18 with DLBCL who received CAR-T therapy between 2018 and 2020. We performed propensity score matching (caliper of 0.2, 1:1 ratio) and adjusted the following confounding variables: age, comorbidities, and social factors including smoking, alcohol use, and illicit drug use. Data analysis was conducted using R studio software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,874 patients with DLBCL who received CAR-T therapy (9.1% with obesity and 90.9% without) were included in the study. After propensity score matching, there were 160 patients with obesity (50.0%, 59.7 ± 12.2 years of age, 41.9% female) and 160 patients without obesity (50.0%, 58.6 ± 13.0 years of age, 41.3% female). Patients with obesity had significantly higher rates of early mortality (10.6% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.03) and non-home discharge (18.8% vs. 8.1%, p = 0.01) compared to those without obesity. There were no significant differences in 30-day readmission (18.1% vs. 21.3%, p = 0.48).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rates of acute kidney injury, cardiac complications, leukopenia, neurotoxicity, pulmonary embolism, and infection were comparable between these two groups. Our findings underscore the need for tailored management strategies to improve outcomes following CAR-T therapy for patients with obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pipeline for the Automatic Identification of Randomized Controlled Oncology Trials and Assignment of Tumor Entities Using Natural Language Processing.","authors":"Paul Windisch, Fabio Dennstädt, Carole Koechli, Robert Förster, Christina Schröder, Daniel M Aebersold, Daniel R Zwahlen","doi":"10.1159/000546970","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Most tools trying to automatically extract information from medical publications are domain agnostic and process publications from any field. However, only retrieving trials from dedicated fields could have advantages for further processing of the data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We trained a small transformer model to classify trials into randomized controlled trials (RCTs) versus non-RCTs and oncology publications versus non-oncology publications. In addition, we used two large language models (GPT-4o and GPT-4o mini) for the same task. We assessed the performance of the three models and then developed a simple set of rules to extract the tumor entity from the retrieved oncology RCTs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On the unseen test set consisting of 100 publications, the small transformer achieved an F1 score of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.92-1.00) with a precision of 1.00 and a recall of 0.92 for predicting whether a publication was an RCT. For predicting whether a publication covered an oncology topic, the F1 score was 0.84 (0.77-0.91) with a precision of 0.75 and a recall of 0.95. GPT-4o achieved an F1 score of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.90-0.99) with a precision of 0.89 and a recall of 1.00 for predicting whether a publication was an RCT. For predicting whether a publication covered an oncology topic, the F1 score was 0.91 (0.85-0.97) with a precision of 0.91 and a recall of 0.91. The rule-based system was able to correctly assign every oncology RCT in the test set to a tumor entity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Classifying publications depending on whether they were randomized controlled oncology trials or not was feasible and enabled further processing using more specialized tools such as rule-based systems and potentially dedicated machine learning models.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Factors Influencing Early Detection Practices of Oral Carcinomas by Dentists: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Zoofa Talha, Ishtiaq Ahmad, Aida Uzakova, Mariyam Sarfraz","doi":"10.1159/000546971","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oral cancer (OC) is the second most common type of cancer in Pakistan, and early diagnosis can improve survival rates. However, 75% of these cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage. To reduce the incidence and mortality associated with OC, emphasis should be placed on the detailed screening of the oral cavity by dentists. Prevention and early detection practices are important because they increase 5-year survival and reduce recurrence. This study aimed to assess the early detection practices of OC by dentists and determine the factors influencing their screening practices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1, 2022, to October 31, 2022, among 235 dentists from the public and private sectors of Islamabad, Pakistan. A validated survey questionnaire with 62 closed-ended items was used. The outcome variable \"early detection practices of oral carcinomas\" was measured on a scale of 0-8 based on the steps involved in the screening practices. Knowledge scores related to clinical presentation (0-14) and risk factors (0-16) of OC were generated by assigning one point to each correct response. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to evaluate factors influencing early detection practice scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 81.7% of participants had low knowledge related to clinical presentation (mean score = 7.5, SD = 2.2), and 55.3% had high knowledge (mean score = 10.4, SD = 2.06) related to the risk factors of OCs. The mean score for practices related to the early detection of oral carcinomas was 5.4 (SD = 2.04). The duration since attending professional development courses significantly predicted early detection practice scores (p < 0.001). With increasing duration, the early detection practice scores decreased. Moreover, \"guidelines about OC examinations\" significantly predicted practice scores (higher scores where written guidelines were present) (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study offers new evidence on dentists' early detection practices in Pakistan and factors that influence them supporting future training and policy initiatives. It highlights that the early detection of OC improves prognosis, reduces mortality, and minimizes treatment costs. These results emphasize regular professional development courses for the early detection of OC among dentists. This indicates that early detection practices are better in facilities with written guidelines, further emphasizing the need for comprehensive educational materials and training of dentists to improve screening practices. Healthcare authorities should put efforts into implementing a continuous dental education system tailored to the needs of dentists in Pakistan.</p>","PeriodicalId":19497,"journal":{"name":"Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12263130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}