Nutrition reviews最新文献

{"title":"Effects of the Curcuminoid and Non-Curcuminoid Compounds of Turmeric on the Gut Microbiome and Inflammation: Potential Use in the Treatment and Prevention of Disease.","authors":"Claire Kacena","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiome is a complex system that directly interacts with and influences many systems in the body. This delicate balance of microbiota plays an important role in health and disease and is highly influenced by lifestyle factors and the surrounding environment. As further research emerges, understanding the full potential of the gut microbiome and the impact of using nutraceuticals to positively influence its function may open the door to greater therapeutic outcomes in the treatment and prevention of disease. Curcumin, a bioactive compound derived from the turmeric rhizome, has been studied in depth for its influence on human health as a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the therapeutic activity of curcumin is limited by its low oral bioavailability. While most available research has primarily focused on the curcuminoid compounds of turmeric, the non-curcuminoid compounds hold promise to offer therapeutic benefits while synergistically enhancing the bioavailability of curcumin and supporting the gut microbiome. This review summarizes current knowledge of the relationship between the gut and the various systems within the body, and how dysbiosis, or disruption in the gut microbial balance, leads to inflammation and increased risk of chronic disease. The review also summarizes recent research that focuses on the bioactivity of both the curcuminoid and non-curcuminoid compounds that comprise the whole turmeric root and their synergistic role in enhancing bioavailability to support a healthy gut microbiome and promising use in the treatment and prevention of disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Ketone Body Metabolism Improves Cardiac Function and Hemodynamics in Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Tingting Lv, Chunyan Liu, Shitian Guo, Menglu Wu, Xiang Wang, Ziyi Zhang, Jiedong Zhou, Yiying Yao, Zeyu Shen, Juntao Yang, Shijia Sun, Zheng Liu, Jufang Chi","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The impacts of elevated ketone body levels on cardiac function and hemodynamics in patients with heart failure (HF) remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The effects of ketone intervention on these parameters in patients with HF were evaluated quantitatively in this meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases for relevant studies published from inception to April 13, 2024. Ketone therapy included ketone ester and β-hydroxybutyrate intervention.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Seven human studies were included for the quantitative analysis.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Our results showed that ketone therapy significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction (standardized mean difference, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.25-0.80]; I2 = 0%), cardiac output (0.84 [95% CI, 0.36-1.32]; I2 = 68%) and stroke volume (0.47 [95% CI, 0.10-0.84]; I2 = 39%), and significantly reduced systemic vascular resistance (-0.92 [95% CI, -1.52 to -0.33]; I2 = 74%) without influencing mean arterial pressure (-0.09 [95% CI: -0.40 to 0.22]; I2 = 0%) in patients with HF. Subgroup analysis revealed that the enhanced cardiac function and favorable hemodynamic effects of ketone therapy were also applicable to individuals without HF.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ketone therapy may significantly improve cardiac systolic function and hemodynamics in patients with HF and in patients without HF, suggesting it may be a promising treatment for patients with HF and also a beneficial medical strategy for patients without HF or healthy individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Lipid Profile in Overweight or Obese Women: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Li Hu, Periyannan Velu, Kousalya Prabahar, Benjamin Hernández-Wolters, Hamed Kord-Varkaneh, Yan Xu","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Previous studies have explored the relationship between vitamin D and lipid profile in individuals with obesity or overweight women, but the results have been inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to assess the effect of vitamin D on lipid profile in women who are overweight or obese.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A meticulous search strategy was used across the Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to June 2024.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>RCT studies administering vitamin D to overweight or obese women were extracted. A random-effects model was applied to compute the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CIs of the intervention on each variable.</p><p><strong>Data analyses: </strong>Thirteen eligible publications with 16 arms focused on low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), 16 arms on high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 18 arms on total cholesterol (TC), and 18 arms on triglycerides (TG) were included in the final quantitative analysis. Vitamin D supplementation resulted in significant reductions in TG (WMD: -6.13 mg/dL; 95% CI: -8.99 to -3.28; P = .000) and TC (WMD: -4.45 mg/dL; 95% CI: -7.06 to -1.83; P = .001), as well as a significant increase in HDL-C concentrations (WMD: 1.54 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.57 to 2.52; P = .002). Stratified analysis indicated a greater reduction in TG levels in studies with a mean baseline TG concentration ≥150 mg/dL (WMD: -23.58 mg/dL) and when vitamin D was administered for ≤26 weeks (WMD: -11.44 mg/dL).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to our findings, vitamin D has a significant effect on hypertriglyceridemia in individuals who are overweight or obese. However, vitamin D has no significant effect on LDL-C concentrations in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Food Assistance: A Scoping Review Examining Associations of Nonfood Social Safety Net Programs in the United States With Food Insecurity and Nutrition Outcomes.","authors":"Emily W Duffy, Mary Kathryn Poole, David Gonzalez, Joshua Petimar, Eliza W Kinsey, Paul R Shafer, Carrie Baldwin-SoRelle, Anna E Austin","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae216","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To conduct a scoping review to summarize the state of the evidence on associations between participation in nonfood social safety net programs (eg, income assistance, housing assistance) in the United States and food- and nutrition insecurity-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Food and nutrition insecurity are persistent public health challenges in the United States that increase chronic disease risk and exacerbate health disparities. Several food assistance programs enhance food and nutrition security. Nonfood social safety net programs, however, may also improve these outcomes by relieving households' financial strain. Understanding the scope of research on nonfood social safety net programs' associations with not only food insecurity but also nutrition insecurity is needed to understand their potential to reduce the burden of diet-related chronic disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed articles. Articles were included if they were published between 1995 and 2023; conducted in the United States; available in English; included a dependent variable of food- and/or nutrition insecurity-related measures; and included an independent variable of participation in a federally funded, nonfood social safety net program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Included articles (n = 65) reported on studies that examined 10 unique social safety net programs; 8 studies examined program interactions. Twenty studies focused on COVID-19 pandemic-era programs. Fifty-eight studies used food insecurity, food insufficiency, or food hardship as outcomes, and 11 studies used nutrition insecurity-related outcomes. Overall, results suggest that participation in nonfood social safety net programs is associated with reductions in food insecurity. Current evidence for an association between program participation and nutrition insecurity-related outcomes is limited.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Further research is warranted on the association between nonfood social safety net programs and nutrition insecurity; potential interactions between social safety net programs; associations between the expiration of pandemic-era programs and food and nutrition insecurity; and how program impacts might differ among populations with persistent disparities in food and nutrition insecurity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substitutes for Industrial Trans Fats in Packaged Foods: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Beatriz Vasconcellos de Barros, Mariana Vieira Dos Santos Kraemer, Elisa Milano, Greyce Luci Bernardo, Maria Cecília Cury Chaddad, Paula Lazzarin Uggioni, Rossana Pacheco da Costa Proença, Ana Carolina Fernandes","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The World Health Organization recommended the global elimination of industrial trans fats by 2023, leading to a decrease in their use in packaged foods. Nevertheless, a gap remains in the scientific literature regarding the ingredients adopted as substitutes by the food industry. This study aimed to map evidence on substitutes for industrial trans fats in packaged foods, discussing their possible designation in the ingredients lists. For this, a scoping review was conducted according to recommendations from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Systematic searches were performed in 6 databases using terms related to industrial trans fats, identification of possible substitutes, and trans fats exemption. The search retrieved 5072 articles. Of these, 233 (152 original articles and 81 review studies) were included in the scoping review. A total of 87 different raw materials were cited as trans fats substitutes in the selected studies, with palm stearin being the most frequent. The processing methods were categorized in 8 groups, with interesterification being the most cited (46% of studies). Food items belonging to 15 food groups were found to contain trans fats substitutes, mainly margarine, shortenings, and spreads. From the collected data, it was estimated that there are at least 690 distinct terms for referring to industrial trans fats substitutes in the ingredients list. Despite the extensive body of research on the subject, the Codex Alimentarius guidelines and some national labeling regulations do not address the reporting of such materials in the ingredients lists. Furthermore, there is limited understanding of the short- and long-term effects of novel technological ingredients on human health. The disclosure of industrial processes to modify oils and fats, as well as the raw materials used, is suggested to be made mandatory in the ingredients list, aiming to safeguard consumers' right to information and enhance monitoring efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Probiotics and Diet Management in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.","authors":"Yupeng Lei, Xuemei Sun, Tiechao Ruan, Wenting Lu, Bixin Deng, Ruixi Zhou, Dezhi Mu","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The efficacy of probiotics and diet management in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is controversial, and their relative effectiveness remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotics, diet management, and their combination on IBS.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched from inception to July 10, 2023, for relevant studies, including symptom relief, IBS-symptom severity score (-SSS), and IBS-quality of life measure (-QOL).</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Two investigators independently performed the data extraction and quality assessment.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>A network meta-analysis was performed using a frequentist approach and a random-effects model to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% CI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-four articles were eligible for this study. In relieving IBS symptoms, compared with a sham diet, a low-fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyols (low-FODMAP) diet (RR: 3.22; 95% CI: 1.70-6.26) and low-FODMAP diet combined with probiotics (RR: 17.79; 95% CI: 3.27-112.54) significantly relieved IBS symptoms. The control group showed significantly lower effectiveness than the probiotics group (RR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.32-0.69). According to the surface under the cumulative rank curve (SUCRA), a low-FODMAP diet combined with probiotics (80.4%) had the best effect in relieving IBS symptoms, followed by a low-FODMAP diet (70.8%), probiotics (65.1%), and a gluten-free diet (54.3%). In reducing the total IBS-SSS, the low-FODMAP diet (90.5%) was the most effective, followed by the low-FODMAP diet combined with probiotics (76.6%), probiotics alone (62.3%), and gluten-free diet (28.3%). In reducing total IBS-QOL, probiotics (72.1%) ranked first, followed by gluten-free (57.0%) and low-FODMAP (56.9%) diets. Probiotics (34.9%) were associated with the lowest risk of adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A low-FODMAP diet combined with probiotics is most effective in relieving IBS symptoms. A low-FODMAP diet is the most recommended diet for alleviating IBS severity, and probiotics were associated with improving the QOL of patients with IBS, with the fewest adverse events.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42024499113.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143040065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appetite Self-Regulation in Childhood: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Model of Processes and Mechanisms With Implications for Research and Practice.","authors":"Catherine G Russell, Alan Russell","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the present narrative review was to propose a unifying generalized conceptual model of mechanisms and processes in appetite self-regulation (ASR) in childhood. Appetite self-regulation, along with other domains of self-regulation, develops across childhood and contributes to energy intake and balance, diet quality, weight, and therefore long-term health outcomes. There have been efforts to conceptualize and measure components of ASR and associated processes/mechanisms, but, at present, there is no unifying conceptualization of ASR in childhood. A search of key databases supplemented by snowballing was undertaken for definitions/conceptions and theoretical models of ASR with a focus on children. An interpretive synthesis approach was used to identify themes from the definitions and models. The themes formed the basis of the proposed unifying generalized model of ASR in childhood, which is the main contribution of the article. At the center of the model is bottom-up reactivity to food, food cues and hunger, satiation and satiety signals, together with top-down regulatory control. An additional contribution is the proposed 5 interacting and overlapping domains (biological, hedonics, cognitive, behavioral, and traits) that function in and influence both bottom-up reactivity and top-down regulation. The domains also contribute to ASR outcomes of enactment and competence. External contextual and intrapersonal factors are conceived as impacting the domains and the bottom-up, top-down processes. The relevance of the model for explanations of ASR phenomena in childhood and children's food choice and diet quality, as well as its implications for research directions and approaches to preventive intervention, including food parenting practices, are discussed. The model provides a framework for researchers and practitioners to support and interpret children's problems and competence in self-directing food choices, energy intake, and nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Declaration of Sweeteners on Food Labels: A Scoping Review of Methodological Issues and Prevalence.","authors":"Elisa Milano, Ana Paula Gines Geraldo, Mariana V S Kraemer, Gastón Ares, Beatriz Vasconcellos de Barros, Maria Cecília Cury Chaddad, Ana Carolina Fernandes, Greyce Luci Bernardo, Paula Lazzarin Uggioni, Rossana Pacheco da Costa Proença","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently published a guideline that recommends against the use of nonsugar sweeteners. Food labels are a key source of information for consumers, to enable them to make informed decisions regarding the consumption of food additives. However, discrepancies in the concepts and categorizations of sweeteners in labeling recommendations and regulations may influence the results of studies on the prevalence of sweeteners in foods. This study aimed to analyze the scientific literature related to the declaration of sweeteners on food labels. Focus was placed on methodological issues related to data collection and analysis, including the categorization of sweeteners, as well as on the reported prevalence of sweetener declaration on food labels. A scoping review was conducted based on a search for terms related to sweeteners, food labeling, and packaged foods. Nine studies, published between 2012 and 2022, were included. Variability among studies was observed in terms of data collection methods, approaches for identifying the sweeteners declared on food labels, the criteria for categorizing sweeteners, and the definitions underlying the categorization. Moreover, there was a lack of standardization in the bibliographic sources consulted in formulating the categorization, and failure to report specific sources, leading to heterogeneity in the substances regarded as sweeteners. The prevalence of the declaration of sweeteners in food labeling ranged from less than 1% to 43.6%. The findings of the present work emphasize the need to standardize the methodologies used for the identification of sweeteners declared on food labels and the criteria for their categorization.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Fatty Acid Supplementation on Migraine Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Guillermo García-Pérez-de-Sevilla, Ángel González-de-la-Flor","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Migraines are a prevalent neurological condition that significantly impacts the quality of life. Although narrative reviews and clinical trials suggest the potential effects of fatty acid supplementation as a promising approach for migraine prophylaxis, the findings remain inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of fatty acid supplementation on migraine clinical outcomes through a systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using electronic databases including Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL from their inception up to October 7, 2024.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Studies meeting the PICOS criteria were included: adults diagnosed with migraine, dietary supplementation with fatty acids, assessing migraine clinical outcomes, and only randomized controlled trials. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed independently by 2 reviewers using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Meta-analyses were conducted using Review Manager software. A random-effects model was applied to account for heterogeneity among studies. A standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 was interpreted as small, moderate, and large effects, respectively. Six randomized controlled trials, including 407 participants with chronic migraines, were analyzed. Interventions varied, including omega-3 supplementation with or without omega-6 restriction, lasting from 8 to 16 weeks, and 1 trial assessing alpha-lipoic acid. The overall risk of bias was assessed as low. The pooled analysis demonstrated significant reductions in headache intensity (SMD = -1.77; 95% CI: -3.32 to -0.21; P = .03), headache duration (SMD = -0.77; 95% CI: -1.05 to -0.50; P < .00001), headache frequency (SMD = -1.91; 95% CI: -2.61 to -1.21; P < .00001), and HIT-6 score (SMD = -2.44; 95% CI: -4.13 to -0.76; P = .004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis provides moderate evidence that fatty acid supplementation, particularly omega-3, improves migraine clinical outcomes. Additional high-quality, randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings, particularly for the promising effects of alpha-lipoic acid.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42024592084.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Supplementation With Different Specificities of Dietary Fiber on Health-Related Indicators in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Mai Xiang, Li Qiao, Qi Han, Yu Zha, Xuemei Sui, Qirong Wang","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Dietary fiber (DF) exhibits variations in its chemical and physical complexity, as well as in its utilization by the gut microbiota. However, the impact of these differences on the health status of adults with overweight or obesity remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This meta-analysis aimed to explore the varying effects of supplementing with different specificities of DF on the health of adults with overweight or obesity, providing guidance on selecting DF supplementation to improve health status.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>The literature search encompassed 4 electronic databases-PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE-and was conducted between January 1, 2012, and November 10, 2023. Randomized controlled trials comparing DF with placebo treatment, without energy restriction, were included.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Two independent reviewers extracted data using a standardized form, resolving discrepancies through discussion. The data included study characteristics, participant demographics, DF specifications, and outcome measures.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Random-effects models and the generic inverse variance method were used to analyze data, assuming varying outcomes based on DF specificity. Meta-regression assessed the impact of population, duration, and dosage. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's and Begg's tests. The analysis included 34 trials (n = 1804) examining DF supplementation at 1.5 to 40 g/day for 3 to 16 weeks. DF supplementation significantly reduced glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by 0.13%, fasting insulin by 0.82 μIU/mL, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) by 0.33 in adults with overweight or obesity. Subgroup analyses based on DF specificity revealed differences in effects on HbA1c, fasting insulin, and systolic blood pressure. The low-specificity subgroup showed significant heterogeneity in body weight, body mass index, HbA1c, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR, with a decrease in fasting insulin by 1.09 μIU/mL. The low-to-intermediate-specificity subgroup had reductions in HbA1c by 0.8%, fasting insulin by 2.08 μIU/mL, and HOMA-IR by 0.61. The intermediate-specificity subgroup experienced a 2.85-kg decrease in body weight and a 9.03-mg/dL increase in LDL cholesterol. The mixed subgroup showed an increase in systolic blood pressure by 3.85 mmHg.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Supplementing with different specificities of DF may have distinct effects on health-related indicators in adults with overweight or obesity. Considering individuals' gut microbiota composition and specific health goals is recommended when selecting DF supplementation for adults with overweight or obesity.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023432920.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}