Nutrition reviews最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Combined Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements and Malaria Preventive Treatment during Pregnancy on Malaria, Maternal Nutrition, and Birth Outcomes: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Panam Parikh, Mamane Zeilani, Alice Pieret, Souheila Abbeddou","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria and malnutrition adversely affect maternal and neonatal health in Sub-Saharan Africa. While intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) is widely used to reduce malaria incidence, the potential additional benefits of combining it with lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) remain unclear. The objective of this review was to systematically summarize the evidence on the effects of LNS in combination with IPTp on malaria incidence, maternal nutritional status, and birth outcomes. A comprehensive search of 4 databases-MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and CENTRAL-and the gray literature via GOOGLE Scholar-was conducted in January 2024, and updated in July 2024. The review followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines and included studies assessing LNS and IPTp for outcomes related to malaria, nutritional status, or birth outcomes. The review identified 17 studies, focused on 5 main trials: 2 with small-quantity LNS (SQ-LNS), 2 with balanced energy-protein (BEP), and 1 trial with large-quantity LNS (LQ-LNS). LNS supplementation did not significantly affect malaria incidence, anemia, or nutritional status. However, some studies reported improvements in birth outcomes, particularly among specific subgroups and those with baseline undernutrition. Variability in study methodologies and supplementation protocols influenced these findings. While LNS and IPTp show potential for improving selected birth outcomes, the evidence for their effect on malaria incidence or maternal anemia remains inconclusive. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of LNS and IPTp among vulnerable groups of women in malaria-endemic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Approaches for Managing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Jingyuan Tan, Sherry E Morgan, Charlene W Compher, Kate Townsend Creasy","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing public health concern, influencing pregnancy outcomes and long-term health for pregnant people and infants.1-3 Effective dietary management of GDM is critical for preventing complications.4 This narrative review evaluates the effectiveness of various dietary interventions in managing GDM, including Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), low glycemic index, plant-based, Mediterranean, and energy-restricted diets. The review assesses the results from 14 published studies, including randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. The DASH diet was associated with significant benefits in reducing HbA1c levels, improving lipid profiles, and decreasing the rates of cesarean sections and macrosomia. Low glycemic index diets improved postprandial glucose levels and reduced insulin requirements, though findings regarding overall glycemic control and pregnancy outcomes were conflicting. Plant-based diets were associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammation, offering substantial maternal and neonatal health benefits. The Mediterranean diet was associated with reduced GDM incidence and improved metabolic health. Energy-restricted diets did not outperform standard care GDM diets that were focused on balanced macronutrient intake to meet nutritional needs of the pregnant person and fetus. These findings highlight the importance of dietary composition and quality in GDM management. Among the diets assessed, DASH appears most effective for glycemic control and improved pregnancy outcomes. Although the Mediterranean diet shares features with DASH, evidence for its efficacy in treating GDM is limited. Low glycemic index and plant-based diets also show promise in glycemic control. Further research is needed to establish standardized dietary guidelines for GDM management. High-quality studies, particularly randomized controlled trials comparing dietary patterns, are essential to optimize nutritional guidance for individuals with or at risk of GDM.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Fermented Dairy on Gastrointestinal Health and Associated Biomarkers.","authors":"Glory Bui, Maria L Marco","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this narrative review, we examined observational and randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of fermented dairy foods, including yogurt, fermented milk, kefir, and cheese, on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and/or GI biomarkers of health. Studies that recorded GI symptoms such as intestinal discomfort, flatulence, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and constipation were included. GI health biomarkers encompassed measurements of intestinal integrity or permeability (eg, endotoxemia, zonulin, 2-arachidonoylglycerol), immune responses (eg, TNFα, IL-6, high-sensitivity CRP [hs-CRP], IFNγ, IL-1β, CCL5, TGFβ, IL-10, secretory IgA, α- and β-defensin, and LL-37), fecal microbiota, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Studies on probiotic-containing fermented dairy foods were included if the primary focus was the fermented dairy food, not specific probiotic strains. Thirty-seven reports met the inclusion criteria and encompassed studies on healthy children, healthy adults, or individuals with underlying conditions. Twenty-one of these studies included fermented dairy products with probiotic strains. No study reported a harmful impact of fermented dairy on gut health. Ten studies reported no benefit of fermented dairy on GI symptoms or immune biomarkers compared with milk or when no dairy was consumed. The remaining studies described significant changes in one or more gut symptoms or biomarkers with fermented dairy intake. Improvements in GI symptoms, such as abdominal pain or discomfort, flatulence, constipation, and IBS severity, were found in most studies for which such symptoms were assessed. Reductions in intestinal inflammatory markers, specifically serum TNFα levels, were found to be associated with fermented dairy intake. In several trials, significant alterations to the gut microbiota or increased levels of fecal SCFAs following fermented dairy intake were measured, but not all of those studies incorporated clinically relevant outcomes. New investigations evaluating the impact of fermented dairy on gut health should build upon the findings of these prior studies, considering target populations, underlying health conditions, and relevant gut health end points.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Obese or Diabetic Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Shan Xu, Jin'e Li, Jiajun Qiu, Yuying Zhang, Shiqi Yang, Jianping Liu","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Results of previous studies have suggested that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), particularly when accompanied by obesity or diabetes, is linked to glucose metabolism disorders driven by abnormal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. However, the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists (RAs) in this population remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between serum GLP-1 levels and OSAS, as well as the efficacy of GLP-1 RAs in treating OSAS.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>The Cochrane, CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wan Fang databases were searched from inception to October 1, 2024.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>We extracted data from the included studies on serum GLP-1 levels and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), lowest SpO2 (LSpO2) levels, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>A total of 10 studies (1313 participants) were included in this analysis, comprising 4 case-control studies examining the relationship between serum GLP-1 levels and OSAS and 6 randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of GLP-1 RAs in patients with diabetes or obesity complicated by OSAS. Meta-analysis results indicated that compared to the non-OSAS or mild-OSAS individuals, fasting serum GLP-1 levels (mean difference [MD], -1.86 ug/L; 95% CI, -3.58 to -0.13; P = .04; I2 = 72%), and 1-hour postprandial GLP-1 levels (MD, -7.76 µg/L; 95% CI, -9.43 to -6.08; P < .00001; I2 = 49%) were significantly lower in patients with OSAS. Treatment with GLP-1 RA significantly improved the AHI (MD, -16.11 events/h; 95% CI, -26.23 to -5.99; P = .002; I2 = 96%), as well as reducing blood pressure, BMI, and FBG (P <.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with OSAS, serum GLP-1 levels are lower than those of healthy individuals. GLP-1 RAs may significantly reduce AHI in patients with obesity or diabetes. However, given the substantial heterogeneity among studies, the results should be interpreted with caution. Systematic Review Registration:  PROSPERO registration No. CRD42024599675.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Food Insecurity and Adverse Health Outcomes in Adults: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.","authors":"Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian, Farhang Hameed Awlqadr, Sanaz Mehrabani, Kimia Mazinani, Maede Sadat Hosseini, Shirley Hodder, Seyed Mojtaba Ghoreishy, Faramarz Jalili, Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani, Sajjad Moradi","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>An association of food insecurity (FI) with adverse health outcomes (AHOs) has been reported; however, the evidence in this context is still inconclusive.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The certainty and validity of all available meta-analyses were evaluated for the association between FI and AHOs among adults.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A comprehensive systematic search was done of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to August 20, 2024.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Two researchers independently extracted studies data.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Twenty-one meta-analyses were included in this study. Generally, there was a direct association between FI and 22 AHOs (73.3%) in adults, including the risk of being overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.06-1.27); binge eating (OR = 1.99; 95% CI, 1.58-2.51); stress (OR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.24-1.43); anemia (OR = 1.34 95% CI, 1.19-1.50); long sleep duration (OR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03-1.26); suicide attempt (OR = 2.23; 95% CI, 1.81-2.76); obesity (OR = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.24-1.63); diabetes (OR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.32-1.65); hypertension (OR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01-1.43); anxiety (OR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.15-2.25); short sleep duration (OR = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.07-1.21); multimorbidity (OR = 2.17; 95% CI, 1.56-3.03); depression (OR = 2.26; 95% CI, 1.98-2.57); poor sleep quality (OR = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.24-1.70); suicidal ideation (OR = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.48-1.83); having opportunistic infection (OR = 4.09; 95% CI, 2.47-6.78); low CD4 count (OR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.05-1.80); excessive gestational weight gain (OR = 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05-1.30); prepregnancy overweight (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.12-1.54); prepregnancy obesity (OR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.37-1.81); and inadequate gestational weight gain (OR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.21-1.63). We found a significant reverse relation between FI and the risk of complete HIV viral suppression (OR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.61-0.82).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrated that prevention and management programs, which alleviate FI among adults, may also improve public health beyond promoting nutritional status.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration No. CRD42024582864.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Through Nutrition in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review of the Literature.","authors":"Domenico Umberto De Rose, Nadia Liotto, Elena Maggiora, Paolo Bini, Simonetta Costa, Francesco Cresi, Laura Morlacchi, Sofia Fiore Spinedi, Camilla Gizzi, Luca Maggio, Luigi Orfeo, Arianna Aceti","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactorial, chronic lung disease affecting preterm infants. Several interventions have been proposed to prevent BPD; a role for specific nutritional practices has also been suggested.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate, by means of a systematic review of the available literature, which nutritional interventions might prevent BPD in preterm infants.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were searched using a predefined PICO/PECO strategy for studies recruiting preterm infants (gestational age <37 weeks), examining nutritional interventions, and reporting on BPD. No study design limitation was applied. Articles were included if written in English and published before March 3, 2024.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>The literature search yielded 1825 results. After screening, removal of duplicates, and retrieval of additional papers by hand-searching, 135 papers were included in the systematic review and categorized according to their main topic (parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition, and nutritional supplements). Study quality assessment was performed using the criteria set out by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Several nutritional interventions appear to reduce the risk of BPD in preterm infants. These include early optimization and balance of fluid, energy, and nutrient intakes through parenteral nutrition, early enteral feeding, and use of own mother's milk in a dose-dependent fashion. The quality of the examined literature was mixed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The available literature suggests that several nutritional interventions could play a role, together with intensive and respiratory care, to minimize the risk of chronic lung disease in preterm infants. However, the evidence for some interventions is inconclusive and deserves additional, well-designed research.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022300524.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-Illness Index-Based Dietary Patterns and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Fanyi Meng, Tao Zhang, Xiangyu Meng, Jiaying Jiang, Jing Yan, Ge Jin, Bangmao Wang, Hailong Cao","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Diet is a modifiable environmental factor believed to play an essential role in the occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dietary patterns could better reflect the effects of interaction of the various dietary components.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the impact of pre-illness index-based dietary patterns on IBD risk.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in 4 medical databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library).</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>A random-effects model was employed to calculate the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% CIs. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to the study design, region, age group, regression model used, and version of the dietary index. Statistical significance was defined as a 2-sided P value of <.05.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>A total of 14 studies were finally included. The meta-analysis revealed that adhering to a Mediterranean dietary pattern was associated with a lower overall risk of IBD (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.47-0.93). Similarly, higher adherence to the \"healthy dietary pattern\" significantly reduced the risk of IBD (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71-0.92). Conversely, a diet with a higher inflammatory potential was linked to an increased risk of Crohn's disease (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.14-1.82). Subgroup analysis suggested that the Mediterranean dietary pattern was not significantly associated with IBD risk among the adult population, and that diets with a high inflammatory potential increased the risk of ulcerative colitis in Asian studies (RR 2.06, 95% CI 1.07-3.96).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pre-illness dietary patterns have a significant influence on IBD development. This meta-analysis found that dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean dietary pattern and the healthy dietary pattern reduce IBD risk in the general population, while pro-inflammatory diets increase it. Moreover, regional and other factors such as age group may further modulate these associations.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration No. CRD42023474588.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Taste Disorders and Malnutrition in Older Adults: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Silvia Bauer, Vit Blanar, Jan Pospichal, Doris Eglseer, Marie Chrastecka","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Taste disorders and malnutrition are both age-related conditions that, individually, may have negative consequences but which are also probably associated with each other, making the consequences even worse. This scoping review was performed to systematically map and synthesize the existing evidence on the association between taste disorders and malnutrition in older adults. Four electronic literature databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science) were searched. Title and abstract screening as well as full-text screening was performed by 2 authors independently. Studies of older adults (aged ≥65 years) in diverse settings that described the association between taste disorders and malnutrition were included based on the Population Concept Context framework. A standardized data extraction template enabled the recording of information about general study characteristics, methods used to assess taste disorders and malnutrition, and estimates of associations. The literature search yielded 1060 results; after an update search, 40 articles were included in this scoping review. Most of these studies were performed in acute care (50%) or community settings (32.5%). Most applied subjective methods alone to assess taste (47.5%) and used different combinations of parameters to assess malnutrition (67.5%). Most of the studies that applied subjective methods found associations between taste disorders and nutritional intake, and malnutrition risk and unintentional weight loss. Studies that used objective methods to assess taste were only occasionally able to detect an association between taste and malnutrition parameters. Our results suggest subjective and objective assessments may capture different aspects of taste dysfunction. Research in this field is important to increase in-depth knowledge about the complex associations between taste disorders and malnutrition parameters. A greater awareness of the relevance of taste disorders in clinical practice is warranted and may lead to improvements in the identification and subsequent treatment of these disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Research Approaches to Assess Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxation Policy Implementation and Response in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Results From a Scoping Review.","authors":"Payao Phonsuk, Sirinya Phulkerd, Jintana Jankhotkaew, Anne Marie Thow, Penny Farrell","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Implementing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxation policies presents significant challenges in practice, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where resources and capacity are often limited. Expanding the evidence base and knowledge on policy implementation and responses is crucial to identifying key drivers and barriers, as well as developing effective systems for monitoring and evaluation. This study aimed to identify the research approaches used to assess and analyze SSB tax policy implementation and responses at the national level. A scoping review was conducted, drawing on relevant literature from 5 databases-Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Global Health, and CINAHL-covering publications from 2014 to 2023 inclusive. A total of 24 studies were included in the analysis. Two qualitative studies on policy implementation revealed limitations related to data access, with reliance on publicly available information. The remaining 22 studies, focusing on policy responses, primarily used quantitative methods to evaluate the reactions of industry, retailers, and consumers in terms of price adjustments, purchasing behavior, and consumption patterns. While there is substantial documentation on tax design and structure, enforcement dynamics, stakeholder interactions, and the complexities of policy implementation remain underexplored. This review highlights a critical gap in the research on the multifaceted nature of policy implementation and response. Future studies should prioritize these dynamics and adopt innovative methodologies to enhance the effectiveness of SSB taxation policies and public health interventions in LMICs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144675398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Inorganic Nitrate on Endothelial Function: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Begum Celik, Esther Muriuki, Gunter G C Kuhnle, Jeremy P E Spencer, Charlotte E Mills","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuaf132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaf132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Inorganic nitrate is an exogenous source of nitric oxide, an established regulator of vascular homeostasis via the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway. Here, we evaluate the impact of inorganic nitrate on endothelial function, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>A systematic review of the existing literature and meta-analysis was performed. Trials testing inorganic nitrate compared with a control were selected and the change in forearm endothelial function (as assessed by flow-mediated dilatation [FMD]) were included.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>The following databases were searched: Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus.</p><p><strong>Data extraction and analysis: </strong>Standardized mean differences in %FMD were pooled using a random-effects model and 13 studies were included in the analysis. Quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Inorganic nitrate was associated with improved Δ%FMD compared with the control; the standardized mean difference was 1.48% (95% CI: 0.70%-2.27%; P < 0.01); high heterogeneity (I2 = 98.2%) was observed. The significant effect observed remained irrespective of dose (±600 mg nitrate), duration (acute or chronic consumption), health status (± health conditions), and type of nitrate (dietary or nondietary). Notably, acute studies had a greater FMD response than chronic studies (1.93% [95% CI: 0.71%-3.15%] vs 0.90% [95% CI: 0.48%-1.31%]). More than half of the studies reviewed showed low risk of bias; the rest of the studies were classified as \"some concern\" due to lack of information about randomization process and lack of prespecified analysis plans.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results show that, from a modest number of included trials, inorganic nitrate consumption improves FMD response by more than 1%, a clinically relevant magnitude for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020191832.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}