Nutrition reviews最新文献

{"title":"Energy Expenditure in Chronic Kidney Disease: Affecting Factors and Evaluation Methods.","authors":"Kezban Şahin, Nilüfer Acar Tek","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic health problem whose prevalence is increasing. Nutrition and nutrition-related factors, one of the modifiable risk factors for CKD, are of primary importance. The key to planning optimal nutritional therapy is accurately determining energy requirements and total energy expenditure. Many health problems can accompany CKD, such as protein-energy malnutrition, sarcopenia, etc, and increase the mortality rate. This study aims to present the specific factors affecting energy expenditure specific to CKD in line with the current literature, to discuss the methods used to determine energy expenditure, and to examine these methods according to groups receiving and not receiving renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and renal transplantation).</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Plant Versus Animal Protein on Muscle Mass, Strength, Physical Performance, and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Rachel J Reid-McCann, Sarah F Brennan, Nicola A Ward, Danielle Logan, Michelle C McKinley, Claire T McEvoy","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Dietary protein is recommended for sarcopenia-a debilitating condition of age-related loss of muscle mass and strength that affects 27% of older adults. The effects of protein on muscle health may depend on protein quality.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim was to synthesize randomized controlled trial (RCT) data comparing plant with animal protein for muscle health.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Forty-three eligible RCTs were sourced from Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Four reviewers (R.J.R.-M., S.F.B., N.A.W., D.L.) extracted data from RCTs (study setting, population, intervention characteristics, outcomes, summary statistics) and conducted quality assessment using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Standardized mean differences (SMDs) (95% CIs) were combined using a random-effects meta-analysis and forest plots were generated. I2 statistics were calculated to test for statistical heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thirty RCTs (70%) were eligible for meta-analysis and all examined muscle mass outcomes. Compared with animal protein, plant protein resulted in lower muscle mass following the intervention (SMD = -0.20; 95% CI: -0.37, -0.03; P = .02), with stronger effects in younger (<60 years; SMD = -0.20; 95% CI: -0.37, -0.03; P = .02) than in older (≥60 years; SMD = -0.05; 95% CI: -0.32, 0.23; P = .74) adults. There was no pooled effect difference between soy and milk protein for muscle mass (SMD = -0.02; 95% CI: -0.20, 0.16; P = .80) (n = 17 RCTs), yet animal protein improved muscle mass compared with non-soy plant proteins (rice, chia, oat, and potato; SMD = -0.58; 95% CI: -1.06, -0.09; P = .02) (n = 5 RCTs) and plant-based diets (SMD = -0.51; 95% CI: -0.91, -0.11; P = .01) (n = 7 RCTs). No significant difference was found between plant or animal protein for muscle strength (n = 14 RCTs) or physical performance (n = 5 RCTs). No trials examined sarcopenia as an outcome. Animal protein may have a small beneficial effect over non-soy plant protein for muscle mass; however, research into a wider range of plant proteins and diets is needed.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020188658.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of and factors associated with formula feeding among mothers with infants 0-6 months of age in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Zenebe Abebe Gebreegziabher, Birhan Ewunu Semagn, Agmasie Damtew Walle, Werkneh Melkie Tilahun, Mahider Awoke Belay, Wubet Tazeb Wondie, Gezahagn Demsu Gedefaw, Tadesse Mamo Dejene, Fitsum Zekarias Mohammed","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Inconsistent results have been reported regarding the prevalence of and factors associated with formula feeding in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of and factors associated with formula feeding among mothers with infants 0-6 months of age in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A comprehensive systematic search was conducted across 3 databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and ScienceDirect) and the Google Scholar search engine to identify relevant studies published up to April 2, 2024.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>After assessing the quality of each study using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies, data were independently extracted by 2 authors using pre-designed forms in an Excel spreadsheet. Any disagreements were resolved through discussion and consultation with additional authors.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Statistical heterogeneity across studies was assessed using the I2 statistic. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the proportions, due to high heterogeneity, while a fixed-effect meta-analysis was used to pool associated factors with low heterogeneity. A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the potential impact of outlier studies on the overall estimates. Five studies, with a combined sample size of 2344 participants, were included. The pooled prevalence of formula feeding was 34.0% (95% CI: 23.0%, 44.0%). Factors significantly associated with formula feeding included cesarean delivery (POR [pooled odds ratio] = 4.72, 95% CI: 3.32, 6.71) compared with vaginal delivery, a positive attitude toward formula feeding (POR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.45, 3.53) compared with a negative attitude, initiation of breastfeeding more than 1 hour after delivery (POR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.25, 4.13) compared with initiation within 1 hour, and receiving information about formula feeding from friends or family (POR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.46, 4.20) compared with receiving information from health-care professionals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of formula feeding in Ethiopia is significant. Cesarean delivery, a positive attitude toward formula feeding, late initiation of breastfeeding, and receiving formula feeding-related information from friends and family were positively associated with formula feeding. Given these findings, the authors recommend that public health interventions in Ethiopia target these key determinants to decrease the high prevalence of formula feeding practices observed in the country. Strategies addressing factors such as promoting vaginal delivery, improving attitudes toward breastfeeding, encouraging early breastfeeding initiation, and limiting the influence of social networks on formula-feeding decisions may be beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-Analysis of Palmitoylethanolamide in Pain Management: Addressing Literature Gaps and Enhancing Understanding.","authors":"Isabel Viña, Miguel López-Moreno","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Chronic pain is a debilitating condition that affects a significant proportion of the population. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a naturally occurring fatty acid amide derived from omega-7 fatty acids, has emerged as a safe and effective alternative for pain management and exerts its effects by interacting with the endocannabinoid system, modulating inflammation, and regulating immune responses.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>A comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of PEA in alleviating pain across various pathologies, considering the nociceptive, neuropathic, or nociplastic nature of pain.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A systematic search was conducted of 4 databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Collaboration Library.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Randomized clinical trials were selected for analysis. This meta-analysis included 18 studies involving 1196 patients.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Continuous variables were assessed using a standard mean difference (SMD). Heterogeneity was evaluated using the χ2 test and I2 statistics. Pain was significantly reduced in the PEA group at 6 weeks (SMD, -0.9; 95% CI, -1.60 to -0.31), 8 weeks (SMD, -0.98; 95% CI, -1.61 to -0.36), and 24-26 weeks (SMD, -1.16; 95% CI, -2.15 to -0.17). Quality of life, including pain-related items, was significantly higher in the PEA group (SMD, -0.61; 95% CI, -0.93 to -0.30). Significant differences in favor of PEA were observed at 4 (SMD, -0.36; 95% CI, -0.65 to -0.07) and 8 weeks (SMD, -0.66; 95% CI, -1.15 to -0.17). Palmitoylethanolamide was effective for all pain types: nociceptive (SMD, -0.74; 95% CI, -1.42 to -0.06), neuropathic (SMD, -0.97; 95% CI, -1.54 to -0.39), and nociplastic (SMD, -0.59; 95% CI, -1.15 to -0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This meta-analysis confirmed that PEA effectively reduces pain and enhances quality of life, with significant benefits observed within 4-6 weeks of treatment. Palmitoylethanolamide is a promising alternative to chronic opioid analgesics, potentially reducing the risk of opioid abuse and dependency.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42024550546.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Total and Partial Meal Replacements on Factors Related to Glucose Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Niloofar Sadat Maddahi, Mohammad Hassan Sohouli, Elma Izze da Silva Magalhães, Neda Ezoddin, Azadeh Nadjarzadeh","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Although some evidence shows the beneficial effects of meal replacements (MRs) on glucose metabolism as one of the main factors of diabetes, there are still no comprehensive findings in this field.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated the effects of total and partial MRs on fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in this comprehensive study and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>To find pertinent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to March 2024, databases including PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase were searched.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>This study included all RCTs investigating the effects of MRs on factors related to glucose metabolism. The pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CIs were computed using the random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>The findings from 52 studies indicated significant reductions in FBS (WMD: -3.10 mg/dL; 95% CI: -4.99, -1.20; P < .001), insulin (WMD: -1.79 μU/mL; 95% CI: -3.51, -0.08; P = .40), HOMA-IR (WMD: -0.86; 95% CI: -1.68, -0.04; P = .040), and HbA1c (WMD: -0.24%; 95% CI: -0.35%, -0.13%; P < .001) levels following MR consumption compared with the control group. The findings obtained from the subgroup analysis showed that MRs cause a greater decrease in FBS, insulin, and HOMA-IR in the >50-years age group compared with those aged ≤50 years and also during interventions ≤24 weeks compared with >24 weeks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, it appears that MRs, along with other lifestyle factors, can lead to significant improvements in glucose metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence and Determinants of Undernutrition Among Infants and Children Aged 6 Months to 5 Years in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Systematic Scoping Review.","authors":"Francis P Riwa, Kate Odgers-Jewell, Mark A Jones, Andrew A Mushi","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among infants and children aged 6 months to 5 years in sub-Saharan African countries.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite substantial progress over the past 20 years, undernutrition has remained an alarming global challenge. Sub-Saharan Africa is the only region where the prevalence of stunting in children younger than 5 years has significantly increased. This study seeks to update the evidence on the prevalence and determinants of childhood undernutrition in this vulnerable region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic scoping review was conducted following the 2018 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews. Five electronic databases were searched on December 14, 2022, with no date or language restrictions. Primary studies presenting evidence on the prevalence and determinants of childhood undernutrition among infants and children aged 6 months to 5 years were included. Data on the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight, and on determinants of undernutrition were extracted, described, and compared with national survey data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 59 publications from 11 countries were included, with most studies conducted in Ethiopia (n = 38) and Tanzania (n = 7). Stunting prevalence ranged from 8% to 64%, wasting prevalence ranged from 1% to 58%, and the prevalence of underweight ranged from 2% to 63%. The most frequently reported determinants of undernutrition were the child's age (>24 months), male sex, maternal illiteracy, diarrhea or illness in the past 2 weeks, low household socioeconomic status, or living in a larger household (n > 4 members). Overall, 56% of the included studies reported higher stunting prevalence, 60% reported higher wasting prevalence, and 57% reported a higher prevalence of underweight than reported by relevant national surveys.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of childhood undernutrition reported by primary studies is often higher than that reported by national surveys. Several immediate and underlying determinants influence childhood undernutrition. Future research should incorporate the findings from primary research to develop holistic, multistrategy approaches to address childhood undernutrition in sub-Saharan African countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Interventions in Patients With Migraine: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Alberto Roldán-Ruiz, Gabriele Bertotti, Miguel López-Moreno","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuae188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Migraine is a disabling neurological disorder. Diet may be a factor to consider because measures of diet quality have been linked to both frequency and severity of attacks.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the effects of dietary interventions on the clinical symptoms of migraine, quality of life, and body composition of patients with migraine.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>The MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Sciences databases were searched since database inception to February 13, 2024. We included articles on randomized clinical trials that assessed the effect dietary interventions on clinical symptoms of migraines and the quality of life and body composition of individuals with migraine.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Data from the included articles were independently extracted by 2 researchers; another independent reviewer further verified the extractions. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias of selected studies, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale was used to assess the methodological quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight articles were included in this review. Of these, 3 reported on studies that assessed the ketogenic diet (KD), 2 reported on the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and 3 reported on studies of other dietary strategies. Strong evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of the KD and DASH in reducing the frequency of migraine attacks, whereas their efficacy in improving patients' quality of life was supported only by limited evidence. There also is strong evidence regarding the effectiveness of DASH in reducing migraine's severity and patients' body weight. Insufficient evidence was found regarding the effectiveness of the other dietary interventions on all variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The DASH and KD may help reduce migraine frequency and severity. However, more high-quality studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO No. CRD42024516161.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142922391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of breakfast protein intake on muscle mass and strength in adults: a scoping review.","authors":"Inn-Kynn Khaing, Yu Tahara, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, Shigenobu Shibata, Tatsuhiko Kubo","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuad167","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuad167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The distribution of protein intake throughout the day is frequently skewed, with breakfast having the lowest protein intake across all age groups. There is no review that addresses the association between breakfast protein intake and muscle mass and strength.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This scoping review aims to summarize the literature on the relationship between protein intake during breakfast and muscle mass and strength in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Two independent reviewers screened and appraised the articles identified from 3 electronic databases (Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus) that focused on protein intake per meal and its impact on muscle-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 14 763 articles were retrieved from 3 databases, and after the screening process, 15 articles were included for analysis. Approximately 58.8% of findings from 11 studies examining the association between high protein intake during breakfast and muscle mass indicated an increase in muscle mass among participants. Half of 6 studies (50.0%) exploring the relationship between high protein intake at breakfast and muscle strength demonstrated an increase in muscle strength. Consuming high amounts of protein at breakfast or more protein in the morning than in the evening was associated with an increase in the skeletal muscle index and lean body mass.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Protein consumption at breakfast revealed potential benefits in increasing muscle mass across 5 studies involving an elderly population and 2 studies encompassing middle-aged women and young men in our review. However, the relationship between protein intake at breakfast and muscle strength remains unclear. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are required to examine whether adults can preserve skeletal muscle health outcomes by consuming higher amounts of protein at breakfast.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"175-199"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139465598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of a ketogenic diet on inflammation-related markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Jiawei Ji, Danial Fotros, Mohammad Hassan Sohouli, Periyannan Velu, Somaye Fatahi, Yinghao Liu","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuad175","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuad175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Despite the important role of inflammation-related factors on the occurrence of chronic diseases, there is still conflicting evidence about the effects of the ketogenic diet (KD) on these factors.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In order to obtain a better viewpoint, this study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of a KD on inflammation-related markers.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>To find pertinent randomized controlled trials up to August 2023, databases including PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>This study included all randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of a KD on C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 levels. Pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were achieved by random-effects model analysis for the best estimation of outcomes.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>Forty-four studies were included in this article. The pooled findings showed that a KD has an effect on lowering TNF-α (WMD: -0.32 pg/mL; 95% CI: -0.55, -0.09; P = 0.007) and IL-6 (WMD: -0.27 pg/mL; 95% CI: -0.52, -0.02; P = 0.036) compared with control groups. However, no significant effect was reported for others inflammation marker-related levels. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that, in trials following the KD for ≤8 weeks and in people aged ≤50 years, the reduction in TNF-α levels was significantly higher than in other groups. In addition, in people with a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2 compared to a body mass index ≤30 kg/m2, IL-6 levels decreased to a greater extent after receiving the KD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Consequently, adherence to a KD appears to improve some markers associated with inflammation, including TNF-α and IL-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"40-58"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139465883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the physiological factors relating to energy balance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a scoping review.","authors":"Kay Nguo, Margaret McGowan, Stephanie Cowan, Zoe Davidson, Stephanie Pirotta, Aimee L Dordevic, Helena Teede, Maryam Hajishafiee, Mikaeli Carmichael, Lisa J Moran","doi":"10.1093/nutrit/nuad169","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nutrit/nuad169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) occurs in 8%-13% of reproductive-aged women and is associated with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological dysfunction. Overweight and obesity are prevalent and exacerbate the features of PCOS. The aim of this review is to evaluate the extent of evidence examining the physiological factors affecting energy homeostasis, which may impact weight gain, weight loss, and weight maintenance in PCOS, and identify research gaps and recommendations for future research. Literature searches using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, AMED, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were conducted up to June 22, 2022. Abstracts, non-English-language articles, and reviews were excluded. A total of n = 78 (n = 55 energy intake and n = 23 energy expenditure) primary research papers were included. Papers with multiple outcomes of interest were counted as separate studies. Energy-intake studies (n = 89) focussed on assessing food, nutrient, or supplements stimuli and were grouped into the outcomes of gastrointestinal appetite hormones (n = 43), adipokines (n = 34), subjective appetite (n = 9), functional brain imaging (n = 3), and neuropeptides (n = 0). Energy-expenditure studies (n = 29) were grouped into total energy expenditure (n = 1), resting energy expenditure (n = 15), meal-induced thermogenesis (n = 3), nutrient oxidation (n = 5), and metabolic flexibility (n = 5). Across both energy-intake and -expenditure papers, 60% of the studies compared outcome responses in women with PCOS with a control group. Results were inconsistent, with 57% reporting no differences and 43% reporting altered responses in PCOS compared with controls, including blunted appetite hormone responses, metabolic inflexibility, and reduced energy expenditure. The authors identified that there is inconsistent, yet preliminary, evidence of possible altered physiological factors, which may impact energy balance and weight management. Further work is needed to act on the identified clinical and research gaps to support women with PCOS and health professionals in informing and achieving realistic weight-management goals for women with PCOS.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>The protocol was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework on February 16, 2021 (https://osf.io/9jnsm).</p>","PeriodicalId":19469,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition reviews","volume":" ","pages":"160-174"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11632379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139723498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}