Ocean Modelling最新文献

{"title":"Barotropic tides and residual transport in Port Foster (Deception Island, Antarctica)","authors":"Óscar A. Caballero-Martínez ,&nbsp;Carmen Zarzuelo ,&nbsp;Gabriel Navarro ,&nbsp;I. Emma Huertas ,&nbsp;Antonio Tovar-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Eugenio Fraile-Nuez ,&nbsp;Marcos Larrad-Revuelto ,&nbsp;Manuel Díez-Minguito","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Port Foster (Deception Island, Antarctica) is a semi-enclosed flooded caldera, connected to the Southern Ocean through its narrow inlet (Neptune’s Bellows), whereby the water exchange with the Bransfield Strait takes place. This study addresses tidally-induced sea level variations and horizontal currents at intratidal and subtidal time scales in Port Foster, focusing on the inlet. The approach relies on a comprehensive field campaign and simulations performed with a complex computational hydrodynamical model. Tides are synchronous, mesotidal, and mixed, mainly semidiurnal. Phase lags between water levels and horizontal currents are near <span><math><mrow><mi>π</mi><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span>. Therefore, Port Foster is dynamically short regarding tidal propagation. The <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> constituent dominates water levels and currents, with a weak ebb dominance observed. At a tidal scale, peak currents occur in Neptune’s Bellows (with modelled data close to <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>90</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>m</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>-</mtext><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>) with an east–west direction in tidal ellipses, while inside Port Foster, currents are much weaker (<span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>05</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>m</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>-</mtext><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>). The numerical model reveals complex semidiurnal circulation in the inlet, including a counter-clockwise eddy forming during flood periods. This pattern produces different rotation directions of the semidiurnal and diurnal tidal ellipses. At a subtidal scale, residual currents attain values up to <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>10</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>m</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>-</mtext><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> in the inlet. They are negligible elsewhere. The potential residual bedload transport exhibits a pattern similar to that of the residual current. Residual eddies on either side of Neptune’s Bellows, with opposing rotations, indicate limited water exchange between Port Foster and the Bransfield Strait, resulting in a flushing time of approximately 75 days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 102675"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DB-SICNet: A dual-branch model for predicting Arctic sea ice concentration","authors":"Ling Tan ,&nbsp;Jinlong Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenjia Chen ,&nbsp;Jingming Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of global climate warming, the changes in Arctic sea ice have garnered significant attention. Traditional models face challenges in predicting sea ice concentration (SIC) due to the complexity and interdependence of meteorological factors, which make it difficult to quantify their impacts on sea ice variability. Temporal dynamics of sea ice concentration changes are underutilized, while the limitations of single-model predictions worsen the issue. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel dual-branch Arctic sea ice concentration forecasting method, called DB-SICNet. This method integrates OSI-SAF sea ice data and ERA5 meteorological data, employing a multi-scale feature fusion module to extract key features from the meteorological factors. A dynamic temporal weighting mechanism captures periodic variation patterns by assigning weights to data points over time, and the model combines ConvLSTM and UNet in a dual-branch integrate to improve prediction accuracy. Comprehensive experimental evaluations demonstrate that, compared to popular models such as CMIP6 and IceNet, DB-SICNet provides more accurate forecasts of Arctic sea ice coverage for the upcoming month. The study also employs DeepLIFT attribution analysis to identify the critical role of sea surface temperature in the prediction of SIC. The findings of this research can offer robust support for navigation planning and sea ice-related applications in the Arctic region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 102658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tsunami data assimilation and forecast in the Kii Channel using high-frequency radar: Bathymetry effects on the propagation of measurement errors","authors":"Muhammad Irham Sahana ,&nbsp;Ryotaro Fuji ,&nbsp;Hirofumi Hinata","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-frequency (HF) radar has become a promising tool for tsunami forecasting based on assimilation of surface current data. However, the accuracy of HF radar-derived velocity vectors is affected by multiple error sources, including sea surface conditions, ionospheric disturbances, human activities, and inherent measurement errors associated with the beam-crossing angles. If not properly accounted for, these errors can degrade the tsunami forecast accuracy. This study explored the influence of realistic bathymetry on the propagation and amplification of noise-induced (measurement error-induced) tsunamis. These tsunamis caused localized variations in the assimilated and forecasted tsunami heights, particularly through refraction and shoaling. Measurement error assimilation with energy ray tracing has significant implications for tsunami early warning systems: it helps identify regions likely to undergo noise-induced tsunamis originating from radar coverage. By incorporating beam-angle-dependent measurement errors into the optimal interpolation method and considering actual bathymetry, we achieved stable and accurate tsunami forecasts for the Mw 9.0 Nankai Trough earthquake scenario. The method predicted maximum coastal tsunami heights 23–78 min before they arrived at Osaka Bay, with 92 % forecast accuracy and 0.8 % standard deviation across 15 experiments. In addition, careful tuning of the optimal characteristic length (<em>L</em>) in relation to tsunami velocities and observation errors was found to be crucial for balancing the suppression of noise-induced tsunamis and retention of tsunami signals. Both excessively small and large values of <em>L</em> degraded the performance, underscoring the importance of dynamic tuning for operational systems. Future research should focus on optimizing the assimilation parameters by monitoring the measurement error status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 102651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving compound flood modeling skill in coastal transition zones","authors":"Fei Ye ,&nbsp;Y. Joseph Zhang ,&nbsp;Haocheng Yu ,&nbsp;Felicio Cassalho ,&nbsp;Julio Zyserman ,&nbsp;Soroosh Mani ,&nbsp;Saeed Moghimi ,&nbsp;Hyungju Yoo ,&nbsp;Greg Seroka ,&nbsp;Zizang Yang ,&nbsp;Edward Myers","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate simulation of compound flooding in the coastal transition zone requires a fully coupled hydrologic–hydrodynamic modeling system to capture the complex interactions between inland and oceanic floodwaters. Despite recent advances in fully coupled 3D modeling frameworks, significant challenges persist in resolving flow through intricate river networks, especially where small channels are poorly represented due to limitations in digital elevation models (DEMs). This study addresses these challenges by enhancing the model meshing process and evaluating coupling strategies in the lower Mississippi River region, a representative coastal transition zone with a dense and complex river network. We improve a previously developed semi-automatic meshing approach by incorporating the National Hydrography Dataset to ensure clean delineation and connectivity of small channels where DEM uncertainties often cause artificial blockages. We also assess two strategies for integrating hydrologic model outputs into the hydrodynamic domain: (1) a conventional “hand-off” method that imposes freshwater streamflows at the land boundary combined with spatially varying precipitation, and (2) an alternative scheme that distributes hydrologic outputs at every resolved channel within the hydrodynamic mesh. Results show that the enhanced mesh, combined with updated topographic data, substantially reduces domain-wide bias and improves water-level skill at inland USGS stations. The alternative coupling scheme produces results comparable to the base method, providing an extensible framework for potential future development. By improving inland channel resolution and establishing a pathway for deeper coupling with hydrologic models, this work strengthens the scientific foundation and contributes to the operational readiness of compound flood forecasting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 102643"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the tsunami generation potential of major faults in the sicilian channel using 3D numerical modeling","authors":"FX Anjar Tri Laksono ,&nbsp;Manoranjan Mishra ,&nbsp;Fadlin ,&nbsp;János Kovács","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sicilian Channel, part of the central Mediterranean Sea, contains several active fault systems capable of generating tsunamis. Although historical evidence of major tsunami events exists in the region, few numerical studies have explored tsunami generation and coastal impact scenarios associated with these fault zones. This study employs 3D hydrodynamic modelling using Delft3D to simulate tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation resulting from three primary fault structures: the Gela Nappe Thrust Fault (GNTF), the Sciacca Strike-Slip Fault, and the Malta Graben Normal Fault (MGNF). The simulations indicate that tsunami wave heights along the southern coast of Sicily may reach up to 6 m, with inundation distances ranging from 23 to 144 m, depending on fault parameters and local bathymetric/topographic settings. These findings underscore the critical influence of regional bathymetry and fault source mechanisms in shaping tsunami behavior in semi-enclosed basins like the Sicilian Channel. This work contributes to the understanding of wave dynamics and coastal response in tectonically active marine environments, offering valuable insights for tsunami hazard assessment and early warning system planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 102625"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the effects of sea level rise on ocean waves and surge events along the victorian coast","authors":"Rui Li ,&nbsp;Huy Quang Tran ,&nbsp;Jak McCarroll ,&nbsp;Alexander V. Babanin","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates nonlinear surges and extreme wind-wave patterns off the coast of Victoria by simulating sea level rise (SLR) scenarios of 0.5, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.4 meters alongside a 31-year hindcast (1990–2020) using the validated SCHISM-WWMIII coupled wave-circulation model. Model simulations were compared with observational data, confirming the accuracy of the results. Our findings indicate that sea levels along the Victorian coast have been rising at a rate of 1.46 × 10^⁻² cm/year, while wave heights in the Southern Ocean have also increased over time. However, the rate of wave height increase is lower along the Victorian coast compared to the Southern Ocean. Due to island blocking, mean wave heights in Bass Strait remain lower than those in the Southern Ocean, yet extreme water levels in the strait exceed those in the open ocean. The impact of SLR is most pronounced in the waters south of Tasmania, where maximum elevations exceed 1.2 meters under the 1.0-meter SLR scenario. SLR contributes to higher mean water levels and increased wave heights off the coast of Victoria, underscoring the complex interactions between rising sea levels and coastal wave dynamics. Wave direction and peak period were also examined, but their changes under SLR scenarios were found to be minimal. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating both SLR and wave dynamics into coastal hazard assessments to better understand future risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 102653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global wave model performance in the vicinity of the Monterey Bay, California","authors":"Agustinus Ribal ,&nbsp;Brian K. Haus ,&nbsp;Stefan Zieger ,&nbsp;Milan Curcic","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate wave modeling is crucial for coastal management, navigation, and marine safety, particularly in complex coastal environments like Monterey Bay. Here, we investigated the performance of a global wave model, specifically the third-generation WAVEWATCH III model, downscaled to Monterey Bay, California, over a two-year period. We employed two different source term packages, namely ST4 and ST6, for wind input. Four distinct grids were generated, with three of them being regular grids and one being unstructured. A two-way nesting approach was applied for three grids, with resolutions in the latitude of 0.5°, 0.2°, and 0.05°, respectively. The fourth grid is unstructured, with maximum and minimum resolutions of 2 km and 0.15 km, respectively. Boundary conditions for the unstructured grids were obtained from the two-way nesting grids. Additionally, the model was forced by CFSv2 wind data with resolutions of 0.2°. This study focuses on the highest-resolution model, which utilizes an unstructured grid. Significant wave heights were validated against data from five NDBC buoys, six CDIP buoys, 22 CLASI buoy locations, eight spotter buoys, and altimeter data. Across all 41 buoy locations and altimeter data, the model exhibits excellent agreement with the measurements in terms of statistical properties. Furthermore, we observed that ST4 outperformed ST6 in terms of scatter index and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, while ST6 exhibited lower RMSE and bias. Regarding computational time, it was found that ST4 runs 25 % slower than ST6. In addition to significant wave height, wind sea, and swell were also compared based on one-dimensional wave spectra. Eleven buoys were used to validate the swell, with both ST4 and ST6 showing similar statistical performance for wind sea while ST6 should be used in swell conditions because it runs faster and gives better results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 102645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional spatiotemporal simulation of tritium discharge from Fukushima","authors":"Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Zhen-Zhong Hu ,&nbsp;Robert H. Richmond ,&nbsp;Jian-Min Zhang ,&nbsp;Chang Zhao ,&nbsp;Shengli Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ALPS treated water has been discharged into the Pacific Ocean since August 2023. This study investigates this discharge using a newly developed three-dimensional dispersion model that incorporates migration, diffusion, and decay processes of radionuclides. A simulation over ten years is conducted using reanalyzed oceanographic data. The results indicate that tritium released from Fukushima primarily disperses eastward along the 35°N latitude line. In later stages, local concentration peaks emerge in the northeastern Pacific, exceeding those in the northwest Pacific. For the vertical distribution, the tritium is generally reduced greatly with depth, but displays maximum values at subsurface layer (∼50m) in some regions. The concentration reaches a steady state over time, defined as the characteristic concentration, whose spatial distribution and attainment time are detailed. For major fishing grounds in the Pacific Ocean, the Hokkaido area shows the highest tritium levels, followed by Hawaii, California, Zhoushan, the Korean Peninsula, Mexico, the Philippines, Alaska, and Peru in descending order. Critically, simulated tritium concentrations in most North Pacific regions (∼0.01 Bq/m³) remain orders of magnitude below natural background levels (∼50 Bq/m³). This research elucidates three-dimensional radionuclide dispersion mechanisms in global oceans, providing a quantitative methodology for future marine emergency response and contributing to long-term marine conservation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 102652"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of driving forces in sediment transport processes in an upwelling-driven continental shelf","authors":"Marili Viitak ,&nbsp;Rita Nolasco ,&nbsp;Nicolás Villacieros-Robineau ,&nbsp;Paulo A. Silva ,&nbsp;Carmen G. Castro ,&nbsp;Jesús Dubert","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sediment transport in the continental shelf regions affects many interdisciplinary problems, including ecological and social issues. Understanding the underlying processes influencing sediment transport is essential for coastal management, distribution of nutrients, pollutants and abundance of benthic flora and fauna, which can impact the entire food chain in the marine ecosystem. The present work aims to enhance our understanding of the spatial and temporal variability of sediment transport in the upwelling affected continental shelves. A state-of-the-art 3D oceanic numerical model CROCO (v1.0) was used to simulate the suspended sediment transport on NW Iberian Peninsula continental shelf, considering an entire annual cycle from November 2008 to December 2009. The sediment transport patterns were influenced by the seasonality of the shelf current and wave dynamics. While low sediment movement was observed during spring and summer, considerable transport could be seen from mid-autumn and winter, associated with storms. The shelf circulation, mainly driven in response to atmospheric forcing, determined the transport direction, while wave energy regulated the re-suspended sediment mass. Storm-driven upwelling and downwelling events predominantly promoted sediment transport southward and northward through the bottom boundary layer, respectively. The morphological features of the shelf and the frontal dynamics between the oceanic and fresh water in the mid-and inner shelf, modulated by upwelling and downwelling, shaped the suspended sediment transport across and along the water column. In the northern region of the study area, the simulated shelf-scale near-bottom eddies induced transport pathways to the open ocean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 102620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time wave model error correction via coupled neural networks and WAM under extreme weather","authors":"Aiyue Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Li ,&nbsp;Dongliang Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate forecasts of wave parameters, especially significant wave height, are essential for maritime operations, yet predicting wave heights during extreme weather remains difficult due to rapid error growth in numerical models. This study presents a real-time error correction framework that couples a spatiotemporal attention-based neural network with the WAM wave model. The correction network is trained using CFOSAT satellite observations and dynamically coupled with WAM via a Fortran–Python interface. Applied to 114 typhoon events in the Northwest Pacific, the system reduces significant wave height (SWH) root mean square error (RMSE) by 24.6 % and increases the structural similarity index (SSIM) by 26.3 %, compared to WAM predictions made with default tuning parameters. Validation across 32 tropical cyclones with diverse intensities in the Gulf of Mexico shows strong generalization, achieving up to a 47 % reduction in RMSE and enhancing wave spectral accuracy by &gt;30 %. These results highlight the robustness and scalability of this hybrid AI-physics framework, demonstrating its practical value for real-time wave forecasting during extreme weather events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 102600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}