Ocean Modelling最新文献

{"title":"Application of Gaussian beam superposition method in the Wavefront model for internal tides","authors":"Zijian Cui ,&nbsp;Tao Ding ,&nbsp;Beifeng Zhou ,&nbsp;Chujin Liang ,&nbsp;Weifang Jin ,&nbsp;Feilong Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modern remote sensing techniques can now systematically extract coherent internal tidal signals (mode-1 and mode-2) from global sea surface height measurements. This capability arises from the accumulation of multi-source satellite altimetry data. However, the steady-state internal tides constructed by this method have limitations. They cannot fully characterize how dynamic oceanographic environmental variations influence internal tides. In realistic oceanic conditions, stratification and background currents significantly modulate the phase velocity and amplitude of internal tides. This modulation significantly enhances the energy proportion of incoherent internal tides. This study proposes applying the Gaussian beam superposition method to the Wavefront model to improve its capability in calculating internal tide energy evolution within complex oceanic environments, with validation provided by two sets of mooring observations from the northern South China Sea. The developed approach demonstrates potential for modeling time-varying patterns in global internal tide energy distribution under varying stratification and background current conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 102641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three decades of interannual variability in modeled primary production in the Peruvian Upwelling Region (1993–2022)","authors":"Rodrigo Mogollón ,&nbsp;François Colas ,&nbsp;Vincent Echevin ,&nbsp;Jorge Tam ,&nbsp;Dante Espinoza-Morriberón","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores three decades (1993–2022) of interannual variability in primary production (PP) using a coupled physical–biogeochemical model. A long-term positive trend in the vertically-integrated PP was found in both the central and northern domains, exceeding 6 mol C m⁻² yr⁻¹ per decade, highlighting an increasing contribution of these regions to overall productivity. Over the study period, the region produced a cumulative 8.6 billion metric tons of carbon, underscoring its substantial role as a carbon sink despite its relatively small spatial extent. Interannual climatic events strongly modulated PP. Negative PP anomalies during El Niño events and positive PP anomalies during La Niña phases were primarily constrained within the first 10 m depths. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that biological drivers, particularly chlorophyll concentration and phytoplankton biomass, dominated PP variability, accounting for over 95% of the explained variance. Physical factors, such as light availability, temperature, played secondary but significant roles during extreme events, modulating PP alongside biological processes. Overall, the findings reveal a resilient yet highly dynamic system, with long-term increases in productivity counterbalanced by episodic disruptions tied to interannual climatic variability. These results emphasize the importance of biological drivers in sustaining productivity and provide valuable insights into the factors shaping the variability and trends in this highly productive marine ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 102669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of islands on the cross-shelf transport among the Pearl River Estuary, its adjacent coast and inner shelf","authors":"Pengpeng Hu ,&nbsp;Guang Zhang ,&nbsp;Suan Hu ,&nbsp;Xiuquan Zhu ,&nbsp;Heng Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenping Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cross-shelf transport is crucial for material exchange in the estuary-coast-shelf continuum. This study employs the Coupled Ocean-Atmospheric-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system to quantify the cross-shelf transport and investigate the influence of islands on the cross-shelf transport between the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), the adjacent coast and the inner shelf. A budget-based method is applied to calculate the cross-shelf volume transport across key interfaces: the estuary-coast interface (the exit between Lantau Island and Macau at the PRE mouth) and the coast-inner shelf interface (25 m isobath). The results show that the Lantau-Macau exit serves as a key transport gateway for estuary-coast exchange, with a net offshore transport of 1.97 × 10³ m³ s⁻¹ in the dry season and 2.61 × 10³ m³ s⁻¹ in the wet season, respectively. The dynamical analysis shows that, at the estuary-coast interface, the islands strengthen the onshore horizontal advection, increasing the net onshore transport by 41.37 % in the dry season, and augment the offshore barotropic gradient, increasing the net offshore transport by 422 % in the wet season. At the coast-inner shelf interface, the cross-shelf transport is onshore at 11.35 × 10³ m³ s⁻¹ during the dry season and offshore at 0.74 × 10³ m³ s⁻¹ during the wet season. During the dry season, the islands enhance both the onshore and offshore transport through increased bottom pressure torque (BPT) and nonlinear advection, respectively, with the two effects nearly balancing each other. However, in the wet season, the islands strengthen the Joint Effect of Baroclinity And Relief (JEBAR), counteracting the advection and making BPT-driven onshore transport to become dominant, thereby enhancing onshore transport by 63 % at this interface. This study has implications for land-ocean interaction research and effective coastal management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 102634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the impact of meteorological factors on sea-level variability in the northwestern Arabian gulf: A case study using deep learning and advanced statistical models for enhanced forecasting","authors":"Abather J.B. Alhallaf ,&nbsp;Javier Vilcáez ,&nbsp;Ye Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates how incorporating meteorological variables affects the predictive accuracy of sea-level variability (SLV) models in the northwestern Arabian Gulf, utilizing SARIMAX, LSTM, and CNN&amp;LSTM models. The analysis indicates that the total monthly meteorological contributions, as a proportion of overall tidal influences on SLV, reach their peak in summer, with July and August exhibiting the highest total monthly weights, aligning with previous studies. Air Temperature (AT) is the principal parameter influencing SLV, accounting for a maximum of 28.35% in August, highlighting climate change's persistence on sea level. The models consistently identify Atmospheric Pressure (AP) as a consistent contributor with a minor negative effect; Wind Speed (WS), Wind Direction (WD), and Gust Speed (GS) exhibit mixed effects depending on the month. The LSTM and CNN&amp;LSTM models also indicate that some factors inversely affect sea-level changes. This study highlights the significance of integrating metrological factors into sea-level forecasting models in the northwestern Arabian Gulf to enhance flood prediction. It has potential applications in disaster preparedness and the execution of coastal flooding mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 102648"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin sea surface temperature diagnostics in a regional ocean model","authors":"Jie Yu ,&nbsp;David D. Flagg ,&nbsp;Tommy G. Jensen ,&nbsp;Tim J. Campbell ,&nbsp;Qing Wang ,&nbsp;Denny P. Alappattu","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2026.102681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2026.102681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a recent study to implement and test schemes for diagnostic calculations of skin sea surface temperature in the Navy’s Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM). This includes three schemes for estimating the cool anomaly in the viscous sublayer (i.e., the ocean skin), and a fourth scheme that adds an estimate of a warm anomaly in the solar radiation-driven, thermally stratified diurnal layer at near-surface depths. Applications of these schemes are made, and their performances are evaluated against field measurements from the Coupled Air-Sea Processes and Electromagnetic Ducting Research East campaign (CASPER-East), showing overall good agreements. The statistics of the model-observation comparisons are similar and do not indicate any systematic bias towards any scheme, but differences in the model performances are noticeable and vary depending on the surface wind and solar conditions. To understand the discrepancies among the schemes, inter-model comparisons are analyzed based on the conditions of surface wind stress and solar radiation flux. The issues associated with making the warm-layer correction are discussed, in particular, including the sensitivity of the diagnostic warm-layer anomaly to the layer thickness specified <em>a priori</em>, and the risk of double-counting the effect of solar radiation penetration when using the high-resolution NCOM temperature fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 102681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal solitary waves with different density distribution approximation schemes in background shear currents","authors":"Zhuoyue Li ,&nbsp;Haibao Hu ,&nbsp;Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Zhan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhongliang Xie ,&nbsp;Peng Du","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The density distribution scheme determines the characteristics of internal solitary waves (ISWs). Based on three typical density distributions, ISWs are modeled in two-layer, three-layer, and continuous-density systems, while also considering the effect of background shear currents. ISWs are generated using high-level Green–Naghdi (HLGN) and Dubreil-Jacotin-Long (DJL) theories, which serve as initial conditions for the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flume. In all systems, linear background shear currents can significantly affect the ISW properties, such as wave profiles, induced velocity, propagation speed, and energy distribution. Positive-vorticity background shear currents pycnocline thinning, whereas negative-vorticity currents result in thickening. The ISW shear strength is evaluated by the average rate of change of horizontal velocity at the pycnocline. In the two-layer system, positive-vorticity currents reduce the ISW shear effect, whereas the opposite occurs with negative-vorticity currents. The conclusions for the three-layer and continuous-density systems are in contrast to those of the two-layer system. This indicates that consideration or neglect of the pycnocline thickness may lead to opposite conclusions regarding the effects of background shear currents on the ISW shear effect. Furthermore, the influence of the nonlinear background shear currents is discussed. For most properties, the effects of nonlinear currents are consistent with those of linear currents, although they are generally weak.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 102644"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of tidal currents and sea ice on wave dynamics in Cook Inlet, Alaska","authors":"Martin Henke ,&nbsp;Zhaoqing Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cook Inlet, Alaska is a unique tidal estuary with extreme tidal regimes and the presence of seasonal ice coverage. In this study, the wave dynamics of Cook Inlet are explored through analysis of in-situ wave observations and spectral wave model simulations. The analysis first assesses the wave climate from an existing dataset — showing low-energy wave conditions as a mean state for the upper and lower inlets. Following, wave observations within the inlet are analyzed to reveal modulation by tidal constituents. Finally, a region-specific, ocean circulation coupled, spectral wave model is run over a storm event with current and ice forcings present. This simulation reveals that under extreme wind conditions, large waves can exceed 2 m and 6 m in the upper and lower inlet sections. Simulations results demonstrate that increases in significant wave height up to 1 m are observed due to the effects of wave–current interaction on opposing current gradients. This analysis provides insight into how the tidal phase can amplify or diminish wave energy over large extents of the inlet and the role sea ice plays in limiting regional wave energy. These outcomes demonstrate the combined influence of environmental variables current, water levels, and ice influencing wave dynamics and stress the importance of their implementation in wave modeling frameworks where applicable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 102635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of storm-induced morphological changes on extreme wave runup and overtopping of sandy beaches and dunes","authors":"Mohammad Jamous,&nbsp;Reza Marsooli","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme wave runup and overwash are among the most common natural hazards that threaten coastal regions by causing severe erosion and flooding. Sea level rise is expected to exacerbate these hazards, as deeper water allows for more energetic waves to reach shorelines. Physics-based modeling is a robust approach for quantifying these extreme wave hazards, yet it remains a challenging task due to the presence of various coupled physical processes, including rapid morphological changes and their effects on hydrodynamics and waves. In this work, we propose a modeling framework to simulate erosion, runup, and overwash of sandy beach-dune systems during extreme wave events while accounting for the effects of morphological changes. The framework consists of a hierarchy of hydrodynamic (XBeach-Non-Hydrostatic), morphodynamic (XBeach-Surfbeat), and spectral wave and ocean circulation models (ADCIRC+SWAN) that simulate total water levels, frequency-direction wave spectrum, morphological changes of beach-dune systems, and runup and overwash of individual waves. The framework is applied to Hurricane Sandy to simulate wave hazards at beach-dune systems on the Barrier Islands of New Jersey in the U.S. To demonstrate the importance of morphological changes on wave hazards, we perform simulations under various scenarios of sea level rise. We find that excluding morphological changes results in wave overwash volumes being overestimated at dunes that are not severely eroded during the storm, while underestimated at dunes that are severely eroded. Besides the effects of morphological changes, the results also show a substantial shift in storm impact regimes under future sea level rise scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 102671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A secular sea level hindcast (1900–2015) to investigate extreme surges variability and trends in the North Atlantic","authors":"Julie Cheynel ,&nbsp;Lucia Pineau-Guillou ,&nbsp;Pascal Lazure ,&nbsp;Marta Marcos ,&nbsp;Florent Lyard ,&nbsp;Nicolas Raillard","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Changes in extreme sea levels, combined with the growth of coastal population, are critical factors in evaluating the risks related to coastal flooding. Thus, studying the variability and trends of storm surges, a major contributor to extreme sea levels, becomes essential for coastal protection policies. We developed in the North Atlantic the first hourly surge hindcast covering the full 20th century (1900–2015) on a 0.1°grid, and called ClimEx hindcast. We validated the hindcast against 34 long-term tide gauges. The model shows overall very good performance for surges (Root Mean Square Error of 9.3 cm on average), and good performance for extreme surges, despite an overall underestimation. To investigate the variability and trends in storm surges, we performed a non-stationary extreme value analysis on modeled and observed storm surges. The seasonality of storm surges is highly dependent on the area. The seasonal amplitude varies from typically 10 cm, to more than 40 cm in the North Sea. The storm surge season occurs around December–January in the north of the domain (above 40°N), due to winter extra-tropical cyclones, and around September–October in the south-west, due to tropical cyclones. The dependence of storm surges with the North Atlantic Oscillation extends from the coasts to the deep ocean, and is positive above 50°N and negative below. Observed storm surges show mostly non significant or small trends (<span><math><mrow><mo>&lt;</mo><mo>±</mo></mrow></math></span> 1 mm/yr), while the model displays positive trends almost everywhere, possibly due to inhomogeneities in the atmospheric forcing dataset prior to 1950.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 102636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving cross-scale hydrodynamic simulations in the Chesapeake Bay with physically based calibration","authors":"Wenfan Wu ,&nbsp;Zhengui Wang ,&nbsp;Y Joseph Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Shen ,&nbsp;Richard Tian ,&nbsp;Lewis C Linker ,&nbsp;Carl F Cerco","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2026.102680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2026.102680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estuaries, as transitional zones between land and ocean, exhibit highly nonlinear, cross-scale hydrodynamic processes that present substantial challenges for numerical modeling. Using Chesapeake Bay as an example, we demonstrate a physically based calibration procedure with observation-derived parametrizations, together with a high-resolution unstructured model without bathymetry smoothing. The results indicate that highly turbid water greatly affects the downward penetration of solar radiation, particularly in the upper Bay and tributaries. By incorporating the spatially varying Jerlov water types derived from satellite-based Kd490 data, we systematically improve water temperature simulations across the Bay, reducing the average RMSE to 0.484 °C (0.775 °C) for surface (bottom) temperature at 121 long-term monitoring stations maintained by EPA's Chesapeake Bay Program. Moreover, the presence of mud layers is found to facilitate tidal propagation in tributaries, thereby enhancing saltwater intrusion there. By applying spatially varying bottom drag coefficients calculated from the observed sediment types, we achieve significant improvements in salinity simulations, with an average RMSE of 0.809 PSU (1.331 PSU) for surface (bottom) salinity. In general, the present study reduces temperature and salinity errors by ∼60 % compared to previous modeling studies in the Bay. This study underscores the advantages of physically based calibration procedures that help make the model results more defensible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 102680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}