Ocean Modelling最新文献

{"title":"A wave data assimilation system for the North Sea based on Ensemble Kalman Filtering and the potential of satellite altimetry","authors":"C.W.E. de Korte ,&nbsp;M. Verlaan ,&nbsp;A.W. Heemink","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A Wave Data Assimilation System based on the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is implemented for the North Sea showing improved performance and physical consistency. We first show the EnKF implementation and illustrate the wave data assimilation system using identical twin experiments to assimilate synthetic observations from buoys. A sensitivity analysis shows that the ensemble size, assimilation frequency and observation uncertainty are relatively important settings. Lastly, the potential for assimilating satellite measurements was assessed by assimilating synthetic altimeter measurements with real pass-over tracks. In these experiments, the state contains the full wave spectrum, unlike in most existing schemes. The results show that wave spectra and integral variables beyond significant wave height show physically consistent updates for the buoy and satellite experiments, by assimilating only significant wave height. This is a key advantage of this implementation compared to the more widely used implementations in wave data assimilation. Although the satellite experiment performs slightly worse than the buoy experiment due to decreased temporal availability of measurements, the results underline the potential for assimilation of satellite altimeter measurements. Such a system provides a promising framework for future observation impact study using satellite altimeter measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A deep learning approach for coastal downscaling: The northern Adriatic Sea case-study","authors":"Federica Adobbati ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Bonin ,&nbsp;Gianpiero Cossarini ,&nbsp;Valeria Di Biagio ,&nbsp;Fabio Giordano ,&nbsp;Luca Manzoni ,&nbsp;Stefano Querin","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current regional-scale oceanographic operational systems may lack the resolution needed for coastal applications, where fine-scale dynamics such as river outflow and local processes are poorly represented. Artificial intelligence based techniques for interpolation and fine-scale reconstruction can be applied for studying coastal dynamics. In this paper, we propose a deep learning method based on a UNet-like architecture for coastal downscaling of marine ecosystem modeling products. Our method is applied to the northern Adriatic Sea, a marginal region of the Mediterranean characterized by strong spatial and temporal variability, where river inputs significantly influence the physical and biogeochemical state and dynamics, especially near the coast. To address these challenges, we trained a neural network on a reanalysis dataset, covering the period from 2006 to 2017, with a horizontal resolution of about 750 m, using as input the regional-scale products of the Marine Copernicus Service for the Mediterranean Sea. We demonstrate that our architecture is capable of recovering fine-scale features that are not captured by low-resolution modeling systems. Although this paper focuses on the northern Adriatic Sea, the robustness of the method, as demonstrated by the validation metrics, suggests that it can be effectively applied to other study areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102581"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Neural Synthetic Profiles from Remote Sensing and Observations (NeSPReSO) — Reconstructing temperature and salinity fields in the Gulf of Mexico” [Ocean Modelling 196 (2025) 102550]","authors":"Jose R. Miranda ,&nbsp;Olmo Zavala-Romero ,&nbsp;Luna Hiron ,&nbsp;Eric P. Chassignet ,&nbsp;Bulusu Subrahmanyam ,&nbsp;Thomas Meunier ,&nbsp;Robert W. Helber ,&nbsp;Enric Pallas-Sanz ,&nbsp;Miguel Tenreiro","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102585","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102585"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Controlled Four-Parameter Method for cross-assignment of directional wave systems","authors":"Andre Luiz Cordeiro dos Santos ,&nbsp;Felipe Marques dos Santos ,&nbsp;Nelson Violante-Carvalho ,&nbsp;Luiz Mariano Carvalho ,&nbsp;Helder Manoel Venceslau","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cross-assignment of directional wave spectra is a critical task in wave data assimilation. Traditionally, most methods rely on two-parameter spectral distances or energy ranking approaches, which often fail to account for the complexities of the wave field, leading to inaccuracies. To address these limitations, we propose the Controlled Four-Parameter Method (C4PM), which independently considers four integrated wave parameters. This method enhances the accuracy and robustness of cross-assignment by offering flexibility in assigning weights and controls to each wave parameter. We compare C4PM with a two-parameter spectral distance method using data from two buoys moored 13 km apart in deep water. Although both methods produce negligible bias and high correlation, C4PM demonstrates superior performance by preventing the occurrence of outliers and achieving a lower root mean square error across all parameters. The negligible computational cost and customization position C4PM as a potential alternative for wave data assimilation, possibly improving the reliability of forecasts and model validations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102584"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energetically consistent localised APE budgets for local and regional studies of stratified flow energetics","authors":"Rémi Tailleux ,&nbsp;Guillaume Roullet","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because it allows a rigorous separation between reversible and irreversible processes, the concept of available potential energy (APE) has become central to the study of turbulent stratified fluids. In ocean modelling, it is fundamental to the parameterisation of meso-scale ocean eddies and of the turbulent mixing of heat and salt. However, how to apply APE theory consistently to local or regional subdomains has been a longstanding source of confusion due to the globally defined Lorenz reference state entering the definition of APE and of buoyancy forces being generally thought to be meaningless in those cases. In practice, this is often remedied by introducing heuristic ‘localised’ forms of APE density depending uniquely on region-specific reference states, possibly diverging significantly from the global Lorenz reference state. In this paper, we argue that across-scale energy transfers can only be consistently described if localised forms of APE density are defined as the eddy APE component of an exact mean/eddy decomposition of the APE density, for which a new physically more intuitive and mathematically simpler framework is proposed. The eddy APE density thus defined exhibits a much weaker dependency on the global Lorenz reference state than the mean APE, in agreement with physical intuition, but with a different structure than that of existing heuristic localised APE forms. Our framework establishes a rigorous physical basis for linking parameterised energy transfers to molecular viscous and diffusive dissipation rates. We illustrate its potential usefulness by discussing the energetics implications of standard advective and diffusive parameterisations of the turbulent density flux, which reveals potential new sources of numerical instability in ocean models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hindcast of coastal flooding from hurricane Irma","authors":"Taylor G. Asher,&nbsp;Richard A. Luettich Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hurricane Irma produced coastal flooding across roughly 1500 km of U.S. coastline that caught many by surprise. The atypical surge patterns were driven by nuanced characteristics of the storm’s evolution that, when paired with the coastal geometry, led to a widely varied storm surge response. Here, we perform a hindcast of the coastal flooding response to Irma with the coupled ADCIRC+SWAN circulation and wave model, and two sets of meteorological forcing, one a reanalysis and the other a parametric model. This allows us to both assess model performance and to illustrate the mechanisms behind the complex surge response. Irma’s track along the length of the Florida peninsula affected water levels along much of the west Florida coast as well as the southeast Atlantic coast from Florida to South Carolina. We find the fidelity of the water level response along much of the west Florida and the southeast Atlantic coasts closely tracks the fidelity of the wind speed and direction. However, the rapid change from strong offshore to strong onshore winds and resulting across-shelf flow near the location of landfall in southern Florida makes the water level response there highly sensitive to the details of the storm. In particular, the strong initial setdown created a cross shelf pressure gradient that reinforced the surge driven by onshore winds on the back side of the storm in a resonant-like cross shelf response that may have further enhanced the surge. We also assess the quality of U.S. Geologic Survey storm tide sensor data products, which have become a widely used source of storm-related water level data. Several sources of error are identified that can combine to yield a sizeable overall error in the processed water level data that may not be apparent to users.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of wave-induced mixing on the simulation of the upper mixed layer in climate models","authors":"Yujie Jing ,&nbsp;Jian Sun ,&nbsp;Rui Li ,&nbsp;Kejian Wu ,&nbsp;Zipeng Yu ,&nbsp;Pengfei Lin ,&nbsp;Xianghui Dong ,&nbsp;Alexander V. Babanin","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The upper ocean plays a critical role in the atmosphere-ocean coupled system. Wave-induced vertical mixing significantly influences the structure of the upper ocean which is crucial for climate predictions. This study evaluates the biases in the LICOM model’s simulation of the upper ocean and incorporates the wave-induced mixing coefficient <em>Bv</em>, derived from the WAVEWATCHIII wave model using a parameterization scheme for non-breaking wave-induced mixing. This coefficient was integrated into the vertical mixing scheme of the LICOM model to assess the impact on upper ocean simulation. The results indicate that wave-induced mixing increases the mixed layer depth (MLD) and decreases the sea surface temperature (SST), enhances vertical mixing, and leads to a decrease in upper ocean temperature while increasing subsurface temperature. Validation with Argo observations and the EN4 data product demonstrates that considering wave-induced mixing improves the simulated MLD, SST, and upper ocean temperature climatology, aligning them more closely with observed values. Consequently, incorporating wave-induced mixing can enhance the predictive capabilities of the LICOM model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102583"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing Intelligent Earth System Models : An AI scheme of K-profile parameterization and stable coupling into CESM with FTA","authors":"Bin Mu ,&nbsp;Kang Yang ,&nbsp;Bo Qin ,&nbsp;Hao Li ,&nbsp;Shijin Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parameterization schemes in numerical models are employed to represent the effects of subgrid-scale physical processes but are often limited by incomplete understanding of physical processes and computational constraints, leading to inaccuracies and inefficiencies. Artificial intelligence (AI) models have been introduced to enhance simulation accuracy or computational efficiency. However, hybrid Earth System Models (ESMs), which integrate AI into traditional frameworks, must also consider stability in coupled simulations. In this study, we replace the default K-profile parameterization (KPP) in Community Earth System Model (CESM) with a transformer-based AI model (KPP-DL). We first perform offline evaluations, demonstrating the AI model’s ability to closely replicate KPP’s key outputs. Subsequently, we couple KPP-DL into CESM via Fortran-Torch adaptor (FTA) and evaluate the hybrid CESM’s performance in terms of accuracy, stability, and computational efficiency. Hybrid CESM maintains stable operation for at least 3 years, with approximately a 3-5 times improvement in the computational efficiency of vertical mixing. During online coupled simulations, KPP-DL exhibits strong agreement with KPP in simulating key vertical mixing coefficients while hybrid CESM produces consistent results for variables such as temperature and salinity. Our results highlight the potential of AI-driven approaches to achieve accuracy approaching that of KPP and stability coupled in ESMs while improving the efficiency, suggesting that intelligent ESMs represent a promising future direction for numerical modeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waves in a temperate, microtidal and restricted Mediterranean coastal lagoon","authors":"Bartolomé Morote-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Francisco López-Castejón ,&nbsp;Javier Gilabert","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study focused on wave dynamics in the Mar Menor, a hypersaline coastal lagoon in the Southwestern Mediterranean Sea, prompted by ecological crises and the need to understand the physical drivers of its ecology, especially sediment transport and nutrient resuspension. The research employs the SWAN model for wave simulations forced with recorded winds from a meteorological station in the lagoon, covering data from August to October 2019. Model results were validated against data from an ADCP deployed near the met station. The results indicated that Mar Menor experiences low-intensity winds, with occasional strong Northeasterly winds causing the highest waves of up to 1.25 meters high. Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) analysis provides a classification of wave height, period, wavelength, and bottom orbital velocity, resulting in six wave map categories. The analysis revealed that the largest waves are linked to Southerly winds, and sediment resuspension is most significant during storms, not affecting the deepest 6-meter depth central part of the lagoon. The study concludes that wave-induced orbital velocities can mobilize sediment resuspension during extreme events, potentially disturbing the anoxic bottom. The lagoon was strongly stratified after a flash flood occurred between 12–15 September 2019 with an anoxic bottom layer. Waves driven by winds blowing for long time, although not strongly, contributed to break the stratification producing the fish mass mortality observed in the northern part of the lagoon one month later. Identifying specific wind patterns associated with each SOM map category shows the predictive potential of SOMs for forecasting wave patterns from wind data. Due to their low computational requirements and reliance solely on wind forecasts, SOMs analysis offer a practical tool for early warning systems and for managing ecological risks in environmentally sensitive areas such as coastal lagoons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fourier limit in fluid mechanics, and link to the turbulence","authors":"Alexander V. Babanin","doi":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Macroscopic fluids are considered continuous down to microscopic scales where they fail to be dense enough for separate particles to have sufficiently large number of collisions (interactions) over that scale. We argue that a similar limit applies to the characteristic fluid length scales in the Fourier space, defined by wavenumber k. At <span><math><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><mi>k</mi></mrow><mi>k</mi></mfrac><mo>≪</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>, the Fourier space cannot be regarded continuous, and at these scales the energy-density spectrum becomes discrete. We further note that in physical space, the particle centres cannot come closer to each other than their diameter, and within this volume the physical forces are of a completely different nature. Similarly, very different interactions can be expected if wave modes have wavenumbers closer than a threshold in the Fourier space. It is argued that the wavenumber space <span><math><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><mi>k</mi></mrow><mi>k</mi></mfrac><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>400</mn></mrow></math></span> can be considered as a Fourier volume of wave mode k. It is the hypothesis of this paper that this volume of the Fourier modes is filled with background seed turbulence, - like the volume of solid particles in the physical space is filled with the matter. The wave energy between modes in the discrete wave spectrum is not missing, it is the energy of background turbulence, like internal energy of molecules of the moving solid particle. This turbulence seed energy is about 0.1 % of the energy of neighbouring wave modes as argued in this paper, and it can grow subject to instabilities. The unidirectional flow can be treated as a half-wave with wavelength twice the size of the phenomenon where the mean velocity defines kinetic energy, part of which goes to the seed turbulence. The depth (cross-length) of this flow is not an independent property and is proportional to ratio of the length and velocity scales all squared. In case of surface present, this depth is perpendicular to the surface and defines the length scale of the boundary layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19457,"journal":{"name":"Ocean Modelling","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 102580"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}