npj Climate and Atmospheric Science最新文献_第8页

Asymmetric response of the Western North Pacific tropical cyclone genesis to symmetric CO2 pathway 西北太平洋热带气旋形成对对称CO2路径的不对称响应

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01087-9

Hyunsuk Yoon, Seok-Woo Son, Jaeyeon Lee, Hyeong-Seog Kim, Chao Liu, Soon-Il An, Jong-Seong Kug, Seung-Ki Min, Sang-Wook Yeh

{"title":"Asymmetric response of the Western North Pacific tropical cyclone genesis to symmetric CO2 pathway","authors":"Hyunsuk Yoon, Seok-Woo Son, Jaeyeon Lee, Hyeong-Seog Kim, Chao Liu, Soon-Il An, Jong-Seong Kug, Seung-Ki Min, Sang-Wook Yeh","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01087-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01087-9","url":null,"abstract":"The responses of the western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclone (TC) genesis and associated large-scale atmospheric environment to varying CO2 pathways are investigated using an idealized CO2 removal experiment. In the experiment, CO2 concentration is first increased at the rate of 1% year−1 until quadrupled and then decreased at the same rate until it reaches the initial level. Our results indicate asymmetric changes in WNP peak-season (July–September) TC genesis between CO2 ramp-up and ramp-down periods, showing a significant reduction of TC genesis over the Philippine Sea and landfalling TCs in East Asia when the CO2 concentration is reduced. Such TC activity changes are attributed to the development of WNP anticyclonic circulation in the ramp-down period, in association with an El Niño-like delayed response in sea surface temperature. This asymmetric response of WNP TC activities to symmetric CO2 pathway may provide a reference for regional TC disaster prevention and preparations under mitigation conditions.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Global disparities in rural and urban population exposure to compound drought and heatwave events 城乡人口暴露于复合干旱和热浪事件的全球差异

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01025-9

Tao Li, Fengjiao Song, Andrée De Cock, Philippe De Maeyer, Jiayu Bao, Ye Yuan, Sulei Naibi, Anming Bao, Long Tuan Ho, Peter Goethals

{"title":"Global disparities in rural and urban population exposure to compound drought and heatwave events","authors":"Tao Li, Fengjiao Song, Andrée De Cock, Philippe De Maeyer, Jiayu Bao, Ye Yuan, Sulei Naibi, Anming Bao, Long Tuan Ho, Peter Goethals","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01025-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01025-9","url":null,"abstract":"The high occurrence of compound drought and heatwave events (CDHWs), driven by global climate change, poses a serious threat to humanity. However, their impacts on rural and urban populations remain unclear. This study analyzed CDHWs exposure in both rural and urban populations and found that the number of people chronically exposed to CDHWs has shown a clear upward trend over time. From 1901 to 2021, rural populations experienced 2.5 times the total exposure to CDHWs compared to urban populations. Over the past three decades, however, urban populations have experienced significantly higher exposure and a faster rate of increase than rural populations. Regionally, rural populations in Asia, North America, and Africa accounted for 41.06, 16.51, and 13.69% of the total global rural population exposure, respectively, while urban populations in Asia, North America, and Europe accounted for 32.31, 18.70, and 16.85% of global urban exposure, respectively. The climate-population interactive effects have been the dominant factors driving recent changes in population exposure. Our findings contribute to the risk assessment of CDHWs at both global and regional levels and provide reliable information for disaster prevention and mitigation strategies.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early burst of Tibetan Plateau vortices increases extreme precipitation over Tibetan Plateau in early spring 青藏高原涡旋的早期爆发增加了青藏高原早春极端降水

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01094-w

Lun Li, Renhe Zhang, Jingzhi Su

引用次数: 0

Microphysical detection of nano-ice nuclei to ice crystals: a platform for ice nucleation research 纳米冰核到冰晶的微物理检测：一个冰核研究平台

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01062-4

Devendra Pal, Ryan Hall, Yevgen Nazarenko, Leonard Barrie, Parisa A. Ariya

{"title":"Microphysical detection of nano-ice nuclei to ice crystals: a platform for ice nucleation research","authors":"Devendra Pal, Ryan Hall, Yevgen Nazarenko, Leonard Barrie, Parisa A. Ariya","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01062-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01062-4","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric ice nucleation plays a crucial role in cloud formation, precipitation, and climate dynamics. However, the physicochemical properties of submicron ice nucleating particles (INPs) remain poorly understood, and distinguishing between nano- to micron-sized ice crystals and supercooled droplets in cloud microphysical processes remains a significant challenge. Here, we present the first detection of nano-sized ice crystals (390 nm) along with their physical properties using a portable platform for ice nucleation that integrates the McGill Real-time Ice Nucleation Chamber (MRINC) with advanced holographic microscopy and aerosol sizers. This platform enables real-time detection and differentiation of ice crystals and supercooled droplets, providing microphysical information into their spherical or non-spherical morphology, surface roughness, and phase characteristics, particularly for ice particles smaller than 500 nm. Automated algorithms facilitate the differentiation of individual and aggregated ice crystals within a size range of 390 nm to 100 µm, supporting time-resolved analyses of ice nucleation processes. Surface roughness (Rt, Ra) measurements and 3D structural data offer critical insights into light scattering and radiation interactions, with smaller ice crystals (<1 µm) exhibiting higher roughness and enhanced multidirectional scattering. Validation through computational fluid dynamics simulations and experiments demonstrates platform ability to differentiate silver iodide-nucleated ice crystals from supercooled droplets and to monitor aerosol growth, advancing our understanding of aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ACE2: accurately learning subseasonal to decadal atmospheric variability and forced responses ACE2：精确地学习亚季节到年代际的大气变率和强迫响应

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01090-0

Oliver Watt-Meyer, Brian Henn, Jeremy McGibbon, Spencer K. Clark, Anna Kwa, W. Andre Perkins, Elynn Wu, Lucas Harris, Christopher S. Bretherton

{"title":"ACE2: accurately learning subseasonal to decadal atmospheric variability and forced responses","authors":"Oliver Watt-Meyer, Brian Henn, Jeremy McGibbon, Spencer K. Clark, Anna Kwa, W. Andre Perkins, Elynn Wu, Lucas Harris, Christopher S. Bretherton","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01090-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01090-0","url":null,"abstract":"Existing machine learning models of weather variability are not formulated to enable assessment of their response to varying external boundary conditions such as sea surface temperature and greenhouse gases. Here we present ACE2 (Ai2 Climate Emulator version 2) and its application to reproducing atmospheric variability over the past 80 years on timescales from days to decades. ACE2 is a 450M-parameter autoregressive machine learning emulator, operating with 6-hour temporal resolution, 1° horizontal resolution and eight atmospheric vertical layers. It exactly conserves global dry air mass and moisture and can be stepped forward stably for arbitrarily many steps with a throughput of about 1500 simulated years per wall clock day. ACE2 generates emergent phenomena such as tropical cyclones, the Madden Julian Oscillation, and sudden stratospheric warmings. Furthermore, it accurately reproduces the atmospheric response to El Niño variability and global trends of temperature over the past 80 years. However, its sensitivities to separately changing sea surface temperature and carbon dioxide are not entirely realistic.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disentangling density and geometry in weather regime dimensions using stochastic twins 用随机双胞胎解开天气状态维度中的密度和几何

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01086-w

Paul Platzer, Bertrand Chapron, Gabriele Messori

引用次数: 0

Decadal variability of summer extreme heat in central-eastern China and its synergistic effects by the North Atlantic and tropical western Pacific SST 中国中东部夏季极端高温的年代际变化及其北大西洋和热带西太平洋海温的协同效应

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01092-y

Tiejun Xie, Hui Gao, Ting Ding, Xintong Chen, Wei Wang

{"title":"Decadal variability of summer extreme heat in central-eastern China and its synergistic effects by the North Atlantic and tropical western Pacific SST","authors":"Tiejun Xie, Hui Gao, Ting Ding, Xintong Chen, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01092-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01092-y","url":null,"abstract":"It was found that the Central-eastern China’s summer extreme heat (CECSH) has a decadal variability with a cycle of about 70 years and is significantly positively correlated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) core area sea surface temperature (SST; AMOCORE) and the tropical western Pacific SST (WPSST) in boreal summer. Diagnostic analyses such as synergistic diagnostic and linear baroclinic model (LBM) experiments show that the warm AMOCORE and WPSST in boreal summer can generate the localized heat dome (HD) over Mongolia to northeast China by exciting local convection and subsequent propagation, respectively, which in turn directly influences the CECSH decadal variability through compression of the atmosphere and temperature transport. The empirical models of the CECSH decadal variability were constructed based on the AMOCORE or the WPSST separately and synergistically considering both, and the empirical model considering the synergistic effects of the AMOCORE and the WPSST had better simulation capability.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Significant N-containing brown carbon emission from heavy-duty diesel vehicles revealed by the molecular and chromophore analysis using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry 超高分辨率质谱分析揭示了重型柴油车大量含氮棕色碳排放

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01034-8

Xiao He, Xuan Zheng, Bin Jiang, Xubing Cao, Ting Chen, Shuwen Guo, Zhiyuan Li, Yan Ding, Shaojun Zhang, Yuan Cheng, Jingkun Jiang, Shuxiao Wang, Ye Wu

{"title":"Significant N-containing brown carbon emission from heavy-duty diesel vehicles revealed by the molecular and chromophore analysis using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry","authors":"Xiao He, Xuan Zheng, Bin Jiang, Xubing Cao, Ting Chen, Shuwen Guo, Zhiyuan Li, Yan Ding, Shaojun Zhang, Yuan Cheng, Jingkun Jiang, Shuxiao Wang, Ye Wu","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01034-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01034-8","url":null,"abstract":"Brown carbon (BrC) holds scientific significance by influencing radiative balance, cloud condensation dynamics, and regional air quality. This study demonstrated that heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) emit substantially higher levels of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols under aggressive conditions, such as frequent acceleration and high-speed phases, by investigating the emission profiles, formula distribution, and chromophore characteristics under various driving conditions. A non-targeted analysis of BrC was performed using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry coupled with a soft electrospray ionization source. The light absorption properties were assessed and revealed significantly higher light absorption during frequent acceleration and high-speed phases compared to low-speed phases. Formula distribution analysis highlighted a substantial presence of nitrogen-containing species, constituting 53–65% of the identified peaks, with high O/N ratios ((ge) 3), double bond equivalent values (DBE > 10), and aromaticity equivalent (Xc (ge) 2.5), which indicated the substantial contribution of aromatic structures, condensed aromatics, and nitrooxy functionalities to BrC chromophores.<figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chemical composition and mixing state of elemental carbon-containing particles from solid fuel combustion 固体燃料燃烧产生的含碳单质颗粒的化学组成和混合状态

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01015-x

Yajing Kong, Qiyuan Wang, Li Li, Yang Zhang, Jie Tian, Nan Ma, Yaqing Zhou, Huikun Liu, Jiawen Liu, Weikang Ran, Jiarui Liu, Chongshu Zhu, Yongming Han, Junji Cao

{"title":"Chemical composition and mixing state of elemental carbon-containing particles from solid fuel combustion","authors":"Yajing Kong, Qiyuan Wang, Li Li, Yang Zhang, Jie Tian, Nan Ma, Yaqing Zhou, Huikun Liu, Jiawen Liu, Weikang Ran, Jiarui Liu, Chongshu Zhu, Yongming Han, Junji Cao","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01015-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01015-x","url":null,"abstract":"Elemental carbon (EC), predominantly produced by solid fuel combustion, significantly influences both climate and public health. However, the physicochemical properties of EC-containing particles immediately after emission remain inadequately understood. This study investigates the chemical composition, size distribution, and mixing state of EC-containing particles from five solid fuels: wheat, corn, rice straw, bituminous coal, and anthracite. Using a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS), we identified seven distinct EC-containing particle types. Our results show that biomass burning primarily produces EC-containing particles obviously coated with organic carbon (EC-OC) and organic nitrogen (EC-CN), with sizes concentrated between 0.4 and 1.0 μm. In contrast, bituminous coal emissions are dominated by sodium-rich EC-containing particles (EC-Na), while anthracite combustion predominantly produces particles coated with sulfate or nitrate (EC-NS). Bituminous coal particles are generally smaller ( < 0.4 μm), likely due to higher volatile content and rapid pyrolysis. The mixing states of EC-containing particles varied markedly. Sulfate (97HSO4−) was strongly associated with EC-OC and EC-Na particles, resulting in a highly mixing state. Levoglucosan (59C2H3O2−) showed distinct patterns between biomass and coal emissions. These findings provide critical insights into the physicochemical properties of freshly emitted EC-containing aerosols, offering valuable references for atmospheric particle analysis and emission characterization.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Importance of fluvial inflows in the intra-lake heterogeneity of surface water temperatures on the Tibetan Plateau 河流流入对青藏高原湖内地表水温度异质性的重要性

IF 9 1区地球科学

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-01083-z

Bingqing Du, Jing Zhou, Deliang Chen, Hu Liu, Baoyan Liu, Ruishun Liu, Lei Wang

{"title":"Importance of fluvial inflows in the intra-lake heterogeneity of surface water temperatures on the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Bingqing Du, Jing Zhou, Deliang Chen, Hu Liu, Baoyan Liu, Ruishun Liu, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01083-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01083-z","url":null,"abstract":"Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are highly responsive to environmental change. Spatiotemporal variations in the lake surface water temperature (LSWT) significantly impact regional ecosystem stability, carbon cycling, and regional climate. However, due to limited observations, the intra-lake heterogeneity of LSWT and its driving forces remain unclear. By employing multi-source datasets, especially observation-constrained LSWT and lake inflow data, along with the random forest method, we analyzed three TP lakes (Nam Co, Siling Co, and Paiku Co) during 2001‒2019. No evident inter-annual LSWT changes were detected. Lake inflow (up to 40% contribution) was the main driver of LSWT variations from July to November, followed by air temperature. Spatially, LSWT intra-lake heterogeneity varied among lakes, with Siling Co showing the largest difference (nearly 4 °C) in autumn, mainly caused by river inflow locations and lake bathymetry. This study improves our understanding of the spatiotemporal variations of LWST for high-mountain lakes, providing insights for climate-change adaptation and water resources management.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0