Nutritional Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Folate mediates cognitive impairment of aged people with periodontitis.","authors":"Fei Liu, Yajing Liu, Yuheng Feng, Jiashuo Zhao, Muyun Wang, Minghan Ye, Yanyan Zhang, Xueqi Gan, Qing Pan, Jiefei Shen","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2536038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2025.2536038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Periodontitis is associated with poorer cognitive function. It remains unclear whether folate plays a crucial role in periodontitis-promoted cognitive impairment (CI) in the elderly population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data for this cross-sectional population-based study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-2014 database. Associations between periodontitis and cognitive scores, exogenous folate (dietary intake folate equivalents and dietary supplement folate), and endogenous folate (folate from serum and red blood cells) levels were estimated by propensity score weighted regression models. Natural effect models were applied to estimate the mediation effect of folate for the periodontitis-cognition relationship.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 1966 participants, 869 (44.2%) had periodontitis. The periodontitis group has lower cognitive scores and dietary supplement, serum total, and RBC folate levels. The mediation effect of dietary supplement folate for the periodontitis-general cognition score association was significant, with mediation proportions of 8.4%. The mediation effects of serum total folate and RBC folate for periodontitis-general cognition score were both significant, with mediation proportions of 9.1%. Notably, periodontitis cases with dietary supplement folate or high dietary intake folate had significantly higher general cognition scores than those of periodontitis cases without dietary supplement folate or with low dietary intake folate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dietary folate supplementation may serve as a modifiable strategy to slow periodontitis-related cognitive decline in older adults, with serum and RBC levels functioning as key biomarkers of its potential effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous branched chain amino acids improve cognitive impairment by regulating glutamatergic synapses in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats.","authors":"Linling Xu, Changhua Qu, Yan Liu, Xiaoling Zhao, Rui Gu, Yan Huang, Kemeng Wang, Mi Xiong, Hua Liu","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2536037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2025.2536037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second most common cause of dementia. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is the major driving factor for vascular pathology and clinical manifestations of VCI, leading to amino acids (AA) metabolic abnormalities, including glutamate (Glu), gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), and branched chain amino acids (BCAAs). There is a positive association between BCAAs and cognitive function. However, the specific mechanism is unclear. In this study, we investigated the possible mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exogenous BCAAs on VCI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All rats, except for the Sham group, underwent bilateral carotid artery ligation surgery (2-vessel occlusion, 2VO) and were randomly divided into 5 groups: Sham, 2VO, 2VO + 2.5% BCAAs, 2VO + 5% BCAAs, 2VO + 10% BCAAs. The sham and 2VO groups were fed a standard diet, while the others received BCAA-supplemented diets. After 4 weeks, we measured cognitive function, the content of AA and expression of related proteins, as well as synaptic related structures and functions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that 2VO led to cognitive impairment, a decrease in BCAA and GABA contents, and an abnormal increase in Glu content. Additionally, the expression levels of AA-related proteins (BCAT1, GDH, GAD,VGLUT1, EAAT2), and synapse related proteins (PSD95, synapsin I, p-CAMK II α) were found to be decreased and synaptic structure was disrupted in 2VO rats, which were reversed after BCAA diets.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggested that supplementation with exogenous BCAAs can improve CCH-induced VCI by regulating glutamate metabolism and transport, while also improving synaptic structure and function.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astaxanthin attenuates carrageenan-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in mice brain: possible role of the <i>wnt/β-catenin</i> signaling pathway.","authors":"Seyed Reza Mokhtari Sangdehi, Akbar Hajizadeh Moghaddam, Sedigheh Khanjani Jelodar","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2538052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2025.2538052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Astaxanthin (AST) is a red pigment carotenoid with various pharmacological effects. It exerts powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, there is still limited and sometimes contrasting data regarding the exact mechanism of AST in different inflammation models.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate whether AST attenuates oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in a mouse model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced inflammation and whether the <i>wnt/β-catenin</i> signaling pathway is involved in these potential protective effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two male mice were randomly divided into four equal groups and pretreated with AST at 5 and 10 mg/kg doses for 14 days before CAR injection. The anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of AST were assessed using the hot-plate test. Antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression were evaluated by spectrophotometric analysis and qRT-PCR, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings demonstrated that AST produced neuroprotective effects, as evidenced by significantly reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and markedly increased levels of glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) activity, as well as an increased latency of pain response on the hot plate. Furthermore, AST exhibited anti-inflammatory effects, as indicated by a significant reduction in the expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (<i>gsk3β</i>), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (<i>tnf</i>-α), and interleukin 6 (<i>il-6</i>) genes, alongside markedly increased expression of <i>β-catenin</i> and <i>wnt</i> genes in the brain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, our data indicate that AST pretreatment modulates CAR-induced oxidative stress and inflammation by promoting antioxidant enzyme activity, suppressing inflammatory cytokines, and activating the <i>wnt/β-catenin</i> signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144743343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the associations of adherence to the MIND and mediterranean diets and the dietary inflammatory index on the age of migraine onset and disability in patients with migraine.","authors":"Halime Selen, Derya Onat, Hamit Macit Selekler, Sümeyra Soysal","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2538070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2025.2538070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the associations of adherence to the MIND and Mediterranean diets, as well as the dietary inflammatory index (DII), on the age of migraine onset and the disability among patients diagnosed with migraine with aura, migraine without aura, and chronic migraine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational case-control study was conducted from 1 June to 30 September 2023, involving a total of 144 adult participants. The cohort included 84 newly diagnosed migraine patients, categorized as 45 without aura, 21 with aura, and 18 with chronic migraine, alongside a control group of 60 healthy individuals. Data were collected through a general information questionnaire, adherence scores to the MIND and Mediterranean diets, and the DII. Additionally, the patient group completed a migraine diagnosis form and the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both in univariate and multivariable analyses, both low and moderate adherence are associated with increased odds compared to high adherence. In multivariable analyses, low adherence to the MIND diet increases the odds of migraines by 8.18 times (95% CI = 1.49-44.75), while moderate adherence increases them by 5.29 times (95% CI = 1.32-21.12). Low adherence to the MEDAS (OR =   9.90; 95% CI = 3.08-31.77) also shows a strong association with migraine in univariate analysis, but this association weakens in the multivariable analysis (OR = 3.14; 95% CI = 0.70-13.98). Higher quartiles (Q2-Q4) to DII were initially associated with migraines in univariate analysis but were not significant in multivariable analysis. Moreover, among the variables analyzed, chronic migraine shows a strong and significant association with MIDAS score compared to migraine without aura (β = 0.54, <i>p</i> < 0.001). However, MEDAS and DII do not meet the significance threshold for MIDAS. Only MIND is significantly associated with the age at migraine diagnosis (β = 0.38, <i>p</i> = 0.044).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that dietary patterns play a crucial protective role for patients with migraine. Nonetheless, further longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to elucidate the relationship between dietary patterns, the onset of migraine, and the frequency and severity of migraine attacks.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protective role of vitamin B1 in alcohol related headaches induced by disturbance of blood flow and direct cytotoxicity to hippocampal neuron.","authors":"Qinyan Cao, Yang Gao, Zhengmao Li, Yuyang Xiao, Caihong Shen, Yanfei Xiong, Siyuan Xu, Yijin Chua, Yanan Li, Jingpeng Yang, Xiaonian Cao, Lingtong Meng","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2536655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2025.2536655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate vitamin B1 in alcohol-induced headaches and elucidate its underlying mechanisms and potential preventive applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In vitro cellular assays assessed the cytotoxicity of alcohol and the protective effects of vitamin B1 on components of the mouse neurovascular units, including endothelial cells, astrocytes, and neurons. Murine models were used to study the effects of alcohol on cerebral blood flow and neurons, as well as the neuroprotective efficacy of vitamin B1. Behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry staining, and two-photon microscope imaging were utilized to quantify physiological and histological changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Alcohol demonstrated selective toxicity to hippocampal neurons, distinct from other components of the neurovascular units. It disrupted the dynamics of cerebral blood flow, leading to hypoxic neuronal death. Alcohol's influence on neuron cells contributes to headache pathogenesis. Vitamin B1 significantly attenuated ethanol-mediated cerebral blood flow dysregulation and neuronal damage by reducing reactive oxygen species levels, thereby ameliorating headache-related symptoms.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of alcohol-related headaches and propose vitamin B1 as a viable prophylactic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between undernutrition on admission and stroke severity in patients with acute stroke.","authors":"Masafumi Nozoe, Tatsuro Inoue, Tomoyuki Ogino, Kazuki Okuda, Kenta Yamamoto","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2531344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2025.2531344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stroke is a leading cause of disability and burden worldwide. Recent studies have highlighted the link between undernutrition and the risk of hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke, indicating that undernutrition may directly affect stroke severity. However, the extent to which nutritional status at stroke onset influences stroke severity remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between undernutrition on admission and stroke severity in patients with acute stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study included hospitalised patients with acute stroke. Nutritional status was determined using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Stroke severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Multiple linear regression analyses identified covariates associated with NIHSS scores, including GLIM-defined undernutrition and risk of undernutrition according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form and the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 563 patients with acute stroke (median age, 81 years). Those with GLIM-defined undernutrition had high NIHSS scores. Multiple regression analysis revealed that GLIM-defined undernutrition (β = 0.136, <i>p</i> = 0.002), risk of undernutrition according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (β = 0.160, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and risk of undernutrition according to the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (β = 0.081, <i>p</i> = 0.043) were independently associated with increased NIHSS scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence or risk of undernutrition at the time of hospital admission is associated with severe stroke in patients with acute stroke. This finding indicates the necessity for further research to understand the impact of nutrition on stroke severity and develop effective prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different intermittent fasting regimens decrease anxious and depressive-like behaviour, but show damage to brain tissues in healthy Wistar rats.","authors":"Naís Lira Soares, Hassler Clementino Cavalcante, Soniellson de Lima Ferreira, Fernanda Beatriz Lima do Nascimento, Isabelle Karoline Carvalho Costa, Thaís Bayma Barbosa Rolim, Marcos Dos Santos Lima, Adriano Francisco Alves, Kamila Sabino Batista, Jailane de Souza Aquino","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2533967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2025.2533967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Different intermittent fasting (IF) regimens have been used in healthy individuals to improve body composition; however, other potential benefits or harm, such as modulation of behaviours, are little studied in healthy populations. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of different IF regimens on parameters related to the behavioural and cerebral aspects in healthy rats and compare them to caloric restriction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult Wistar rats were randomised into five groups: control (CON); caloric restriction (CR); time-restricted feeding (TRF); alternate-day fasting (ADF); and alternate-day modified fasting (ADMF), and then evaluated during four weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ADF and ADMF groups had the lowest weight over the weeks and decreased depressive-like behaviour, while TRF decreased anxiety-like behaviour. However, all experimental groups presented some damage in the brain tissues (central cortex and hippocampus), and ADF had the largest area of ⁣⁣NF-κB marking.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although all groups submitted to IF showed benefits in behaviour, they also presented damage to brain tissues (gemistocystic astrocytes, and ischemic neuronal cell bodies).</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting protein kinases in Parkinson's disease: the emerging role of phytoconstituents.","authors":"Disha Joshi, Mangesh Kulkarni, Pathik Parekh, Shreeraj Shah, Nigel H Greig, Sheetal Acharya","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2531356","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2531356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, age-associated neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, leading to motor and non-motor dysfunctions. Central to PD pathogenesis are dysregulated protein kinases, such as LRRK2, PINK1, GSK-3β, and CDK5, that govern neuroinflammation, autophagy impairment, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and α-synuclein aggregation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To critically assess the potential of phytoconstituents as modulators of key protein kinases in PD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature review was carried out with PubMed, SCOPUS, SciDirect, Google Scholar, Hindawi, clinicaltrials.gov, and Wiley Online Library, integrating data from <i>in silico</i>, <i>in vitro</i>, and <i>in vivo</i> studies focused on the potential role of phytoconstituents in kinase modulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preclinical studies consistently demonstrate that flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids mitigate oxidative stress, restore mitochondrial function, inhibit apoptotic signaling, and reduce α-synuclein aggregation via modulation of LRRK2, GSK-3β, CDK5, and related protein kinases. <i>In silico</i> analyses reveal favorable binding affinities to kinase domains, while network pharmacology suggests synergistic multi-kinase effects. These insights align with challenges observed in translational trials of small-molecule kinase inhibitors, particularly regarding bioavailability and target selectivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While current PD therapies focus on symptomatic relief, targeting protein kinases with phytoconstituents presents a promising disease-modifying approach. Future research should prioritize clinical validation and mechanistic studies to establish their therapeutic potential, paving the way for novel kinase-targeted interventions in PD management.<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02281474.<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02954978.<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02970019.<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03445338.<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03655236.<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04691661.<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04551534.<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03710707.<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04557800.<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04056689.<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03205488.<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05348785.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy evaluation of medium-chain triglycerides supplementation on acute severe encephalopathy.","authors":"Yanfang Zuo, Haotian Wu, Ping Liu, Zhihong Bian, Zhengqi Lu, Bingjun Zhang","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2525513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2025.2525513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study assessed whether dietary medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) supplementation improves outcomes in acute severe encephalopathy patients within a Neurological Intensive Care Unit (NICU).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-center, double-blind, randomized trial was conducted at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (May 2021 - August 2023). Forty-six patients were randomized to MCT supplementation (<i>n</i> = 23) or control (<i>n</i> = 23). Primary outcomes were 180-day poor neurologic outcome (modified Rankin Scale score >4) and all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included coma duration, mechanical ventilation duration, ICU length of stay, and hospital costs. Final follow-up was May 1, 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 180 days, poor neurologic outcome occurred in 26.1% (6/23) of the MCT group versus 56.5% (13/23) of controls (RR 0.27; 95% CI 0.08-0.94; <i>P</i> < 0.05). All-cause mortality was 13.0% (MCT) vs. 30.4% (control) (RR 0.43; 95% CI 0.13-1.46; <i>P</i> > 0.05). The MCT group showed significant improvements in all secondary outcomes: shorter coma duration (8.4 vs 13.2 days; <i>P</i> < 0.05), reduced mechanical ventilation (55.0 vs 154.9 h; <i>P</i> < 0.05), shorter ICU stay (13.4 vs 19.3 days; <i>P</i> < 0.05), and lower hospital costs (¥76,000 vs ¥100,200; <i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MCT supplementation significantly reduced poor neurologic outcomes at 180 days in acute severe encephalopathy patients. It also significantly shortened coma duration, mechanical ventilation time, ICU stay, and lowered hospital costs. Mortality reduction was not statistically significant.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic modulations and nutrient interactions in Alzheimer's disease: unveiling potential therapeutic pathways.","authors":"Muhammad-Safuan Zainuddin, Karshini Ghanesh, Navishaa Ganesan, Mangala Kumari, Ammu K Radhakrishnan, Saatheeyavaane Bhuvanendran","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2526155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2025.2526155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prominent neurodegenerative disease in the world, with complex and multifaceted pathologies. Current symptomatic medications merely attenuate symptoms of the disease with substantial side effects, neither slowing down nor preventing the disease's progression. Despite the increasing number of studies drawing a prominent role of epigenetic modulations in this disease, however, little is known about the role of nutrients in affecting epigenetics in AD.<b>Methods:</b> This review synthesised current knowledge of epigenetic alterations, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, based on the findings from AD-related in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, and explores the relationship between nutrient exposure and their epigenetic effects in AD.<b>Results:</b> Evidence indicates that epigenetic mechanisms play a significant role in ageing and the development of AD. An expanding body of research suggests that nutrients can modulate epigenetic processes in AD, with potential benefits, including the regulation of amyloid-beta and tau pathology, reduction in oxidative stress, and improvement in cognitive function. However, the precise mechanisms of action (MOA) remain unclear, largely due to inconsistent and contradictory findings across the literature.<b>Conclusion</b>: This review highlights the influence of nutrients on epigenetic modulations in AD, underscoring the need for more comprehensive analyses of the underlying mechanisms. Future studies, involving larger and more diverse populations, are warranted to establish a clearer relationship between nutrient exposure and epigenetic changes in AD. Such insights may pave the way for developing nutrient-based epigenetic interventions as potential therapeutic strategies in AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}