Nutritional Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Probiotics restore GABAergic neurons and attenuate postnatal seizures in periventricular leukomalacia.","authors":"Jia-Shing Chen, Ming-Jung Tu, Yu-Ming Chang, Yi-Fang Tu, Chi-Wu Chiang","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2574964","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2574964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Postnatal epilepsy often arises after periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in preterm infants and resists to treatment. Its underlying mechanisms and potential preventive strategies remain unclear. Probiotics, known to alleviate microbial dysbiosis and reduce inflammation, may offer therapeutic benefits.<b>Methods:</b> PVL injure was conducted using a combination of hypoxia-ischemia and lipopolysaccharide treatment. The rats were evaluated for seizure susceptibility, neuroinflammation, GABAergic neurons, and gut microbiota composition before and after probiotic administration. The probiotic formulation included Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium breve in galacto-oligosaccharide and Fructooligosaccharides.<b>Results:</b> PVL rats exhibited microgliosis, reduced density of premyelinating oligodendrocytes, and decreased myelin expression (all <i>P</i> < 0.05). At postnatal days 85-90, these rats showed a significantly higher frequency of electrographic seizures and longer total seizure duration (<i>P</i> < 0.05). A significant reduction in cortical GABAergic neurons, particularly somatostatin-positive interneurons, was also observed in PVL rats compared to controls (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Treatment with probiotics restored GABAergic neurons and significantly reduced seizure frequency and duration (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Additionally, probiotics modulated gut microbiota composition and increased levels of butyric acid in both fecal samples and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Probiotic treatment also reduced cortical microglial activation and lowered CSF levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α.<b>Conclusion:</b> Probiotic supplementation may reduce seizure activity following PVL brain injury by mitigating neuroinflammation and restoring GABAergic neurons via the gut-brain axis. These findings suggest that probiotics could serve as a promising adjuvant therapy for preventing epilepsy after PVL.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"545-558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145489374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baru (<i>Dipteryx alata</i>) nut oil attenuates amyloid-β-induced cognitive deficits by modulating neuroinflammation and BDNF signaling pathway.","authors":"W C Martins, L R C Mendes, M C Junqueira, C M S Pereira, P C Gilbbert, S O Schommer, S S Campos, R de P C Rodrigues, V R P Santos, T M Brito, F Dobrachinski, E Lima, F Rios-Santos, S Vandresen-Filho","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2026.2641534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2026.2641534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Current treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are primarily supportive and have limited efficacy in slowing disease progression. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic agents is essential to improve cognitive deficits or potentially prevent the advancement of this neurodegenerative disorder. <i>Baru oil (BO)</i> contains several bioactive compounds that may possess neuroprotective effects. However, no studies have investigated the potential beneficial effects of BO in the context of AD.<b>Aim and Methods:</b> This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of BO in a rodent model of AD. Mice were pretreated orally with vehicle or BO 1 or 3 g/kg/day for 45 days. On the 30th day, mice were infused i.c.v with amyloid-beta (Aβ) or PBS. A positive control group was orally treated with memantine (20mg/kg/day) for 15 days after Aβ or PBS infusion. Following behavioral assessments, mice were euthanized and the brains were removed for biochemical assays.<b>Results:</b> Similar to memantine treatment, pretreatment with both doses of BO prevented Aβ-induced memory impairments in the Morris water maze and the object recognition task. Pretreatment with BO 3g/kg/day prevented Aβ-induced increase in lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus. BO pretreatment mitigated the Aβ-induced reductions in hippocampal expression levels of BDNF, TrkB, and p-CREB. BO prevented the Aβ-induced increase in COX-2 and NOS-2 expression in the hippocampus.<b>Conclusion:</b> BO reversed Aβ-induced cognitive deficits. These neuroprotective effects were associated with the mitigation of hippocampal oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, alongside the restoration of the BDNF/TrkB/p-CREB signaling pathway. Our findings highlight Baru oil as a promising multifactorial therapeutic agent for AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147444528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronotype and diet quality: mediating roles of stress, anxiety and depression in university students.","authors":"Sakshi Malik, Priyanka Srivastava","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2026.2641539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2026.2641539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evening chronotype has been linked with depression and dietary behaviour. However, the mechanism that links circadian preference to diet quality in university students remains unclear. Psychological distress may mediate this pathway among university students prone to social jet lag.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study investigates whether psychological distress mediates the association between chronotype and diet quality associations in university students, and to explore gender specific patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 238 university students in Haryana, India (mean age-21.1 ± 3.15 years). The participants completed measures, including the Diet Quality Questionnaire (DQQ), the Morningness-Eveningness Scale, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The Generalised Linear Modelling with 1000 bootstrapped resamples to estimate the indirect and direct effects of chronotype on diet quality via stress, anxiety, and depression, with confidence intervals including gender-stratified analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings report that evening chronotype was significantly associated with depression (β = -0.118, <i>p</i> = 0.031) at the component level, with the chronotype depression link being stronger in females, but directly associated with poor diet quality (β = 0.0828, <i>p</i> = 0.063). However, the indirect pathway was not significant, and all the bootstrapped confidence intervals for indirect effects had crossed zero in the total sample and by gender. The model explained 3.2% of the variance in diet quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study results indicate that sleep quality, together with light exposure, which the researchers did not measure in the research process, provides a better explanation for how chronotype affects students' dietary habits. The future studies should incorporate objective measures of sleep and daily light exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147372994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prebiotic-based banana snacks (<i>Musa sapientum</i> L.) alleviate cognitive impairment by reducing brain inflammation, apoptosis, microglial activation, and dendritic spine loss in obese rats.","authors":"Piangkwan Sa-Nguanmoo, Nattayaporn Apaijai, Hiranya Pintana, Titikorn Chunchai, Busarin Arunsak, Aphisek Kongkaew, Wasana Pratchayasakul, Sakamon Devahastin, Nipon Chattipakorn, Siriporn C Chattipakorn","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2026.2632672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2026.2632672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Prebiotics may reduce adiposity and inflammation, improving cognitive function in obese rats, mediated by modulation of the gut-brain axis. Banana-based snacks are promising prebiotic foods. However, their effects on gut microbiota, inflammation, brain reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, microglial morphology, dendritic spine density, and cognitive function remain underexplored in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-two male rats were maintained on either a normal diet (ND) or a HFD for 16-weeks. At week 13, ND-fed rats were subdivided into six groups (<i>n</i> = 6/group) receiving either a vehicle (NDV, 10.5 mL/kg/day twice daily), prebiotic snacks from bananas at ripening stages 2-5 (NDS2-5, 7.47 g in water, 10.5 mL/kg/day twice daily), or inulin (NDI, 2 g/kg/day in water, 10.5 mL/kg/day twice daily). HFD-fed rats were similarly subdivided into six groups (<i>n</i> = 6/group) with either a vehicle (HFV), banana-based prebiotic snacks (HFS2-5), or inulin (HFI), administered for four weeks at the same doses as the ND-fed rats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HFD-fed rats exhibited both obesity and insulin resistance, gut dysbiosis, inflammation, and cognitive impairment. However, rats receiving inulin or banana-based prebiotics from all ripening stages exhibited improved cognitive function by reducing gut dysbiosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, brain ROS, apoptosis, dendritic spine loss, and microglial activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prebiotic banana snacks from all ripening stages may protect against HFD-induced cognitive impairment by enhancing gut health and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, potentially via the gut-brain axis. These findings support their potential use as functional foods to promote both cognitive and metabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of dysphagia risk on body composition and dietary habits in adults with multiple sclerosis.","authors":"N V Franchina Vergel, J Molina-Lopez, E Planells Del Pozo","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2026.2634120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2026.2634120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with a high prevalence of dysphagia (43.3%), increasing the risk of aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition and dehydration.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to (i) describe the sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics of adults with MS; (ii) estimate the risk of dysphagia and evaluate speech and oropharyngeal impairments in relation to this risk and (iii) examine dietary patterns and nutritional status indicators according to the presence or absence of dysphagia risk.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>An observational, cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted in 52 patients with MS from Granada. Body composition was assessed by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (NUTRILAB). Dietary intake was recorded using three 24-hour recalls and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data were processed using Dietowin software. The speech and language-therapy assessment included the Yale Swallow Protocol, TOMASS and a taste perception protocol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>57.7% of participants were at risk of dysphagia. 'Double texture alert' and 'salivation alteration' were significantly more frequent in the at-risk group. No significant differences were found between participants with and without dysphagia risk in anthropometric measures - excepting FFM and BMR - or nutrient intake. However, 61.5% of the sample showed excess body weight and altered intake of macro- and micronutrients. Moreover, more than 50% of participants exhibited inadequacies in consumption habits across most food groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A high prevalence of dysphagia risk was observed. Patients at risk tended to show higher BMI, inadequate intake and taste alterations. These findings highlight the need for early screening and interdisciplinary, individualised nutritional and speech therapy interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential effects of genistein in preventing progressive loss of cognitive functions in wild-type mice.","authors":"Karolina Pierzynowska, Lidia Gaffke, Zuzanna Cyske, Grażyna Jerzemowska, Grzegorz Węgrzyn, Magdalena Podlacha","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2026.2634117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2026.2634117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mild cognitive impairment occurring with age is an intermediate stage between normal cognitive functioning and dementia. Precisely, because of the lack of unequivocal symptoms, the deterioration of cognitive functions that occurs with age is a growing concern for the aging population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the prophylactic potential of genistein (5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) in preventing memory loss of healthy individuals. The experiments were conducted using wild-type mice of both sexes that were not genetically modified. Analysis of cognitive processes in genistein-supplemented and untreated animals was carried out using behavioral tests (elevated plus maze, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze tests). In addition, microscopic assessment of the number of amyloid beta deposits in key brain structures for memory processes was performed. Our results suggest that genistein has a potential in preventing the impairment of memory processes resulting from aging. This proposal is supported not only by the results of behavioral tests, but also by microscopic analyses showing a reduction in the number of beta-amyloid aggregates in the brain after genistein supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147355947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic action of human milk oligosaccharides and lactoferrin enhances neurodevelopment in piglets: evidence from MRS based metabolic profiling.","authors":"Md Mahmudul Amin, Tanjina Amin, Adikari Arachchige Dilki Indrachapa Adikari, Xiaoming Zheng, Zhaolin Chen, Bing Wang","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2026.2637610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2026.2637610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the synergistic effects of combined human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and lactoferrin (Lf) supplementation on brain metabolites and neurotransmitters in neonatal piglets using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three-day-old male domestic piglets were randomly assigned to three groups and fed for 35 days with a standard pig milk replacer supplemented as follows: control (methylcellulose, 1.8 g/L; n = 14), combined HMOs (cHMOs, 70% 2'-FL and 30% 3'-SL:6'-SL in a 1:2.5 ratio, 1.8 g/L; n = 16), or cHMOs + Lf (cHMOs, 1.8 g/L + Lf, 0.5 g/L; n = 14). <i>In vivo</i> ¹H-MRS was performed on postnatal day 38-39 using a 3 T scanner (TE = 30 ms) to assess regional brain metabolite profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combined cHMOs and Lf group exhibited significantly higher absolute levels of total lipids and macromolecules (tLM), along with increased relative concentrations of glutathione (GSH), total creatine (tCr), total choline (tCho), and tLM (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The cHMOs alone group showed a similar upward trend in tCr, tCho, and tLM, but exhibited significantly higher absolute levels of total N-acetylaspartate (tNAA) (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared with the other two groups. Collectively, these findings indicate distinct metabolic profiles among the treatment groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combined cHMOs and Lf supplementation may synergistically support neurodevelopment by enhancing lipid mobilization, energy metabolism, and antioxidant capacity, while cHMOs alone promotes brain development by improving neuronal integrity and synaptic activity in piglets - a translational model for human infants. To our knowledge, these findings have not been previously reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147344726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual role of dietary tryptophan on memory regulation in male albino wistar rats - synergistic modulation of serotonergic signaling and kynurenine pathway.","authors":"Huma Ikram, Shahla Perveen, Darakhshan J Haleem","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2565703","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2565703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the impact of tryptophan metabolism on synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and memory consolidation using a combined biochemical and behavioral approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We treated male Albino Wistar rats with different doses of tryptophan for 4 weeks followed by weekly assessment of memory performance through Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Novel Object Recognition (NOR) tests. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify serotonin and metabolites in hippocampus, while kynurenine in plasma samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings reveal that low dose of tryptophan improved learning and memory in rats while high dose significantly impaired spatial and recognition memory, correlating with reduced serotonin and increased kynurenic acid levels. Conversely, tryptophan supplementation at high dose was also accompanied by increased Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) expression in brain.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results highlight the dual role of tryptophan in memory regulation - through serotonergic signaling and kynurenine pathway modulation - providing potential therapeutic targets for memory-related disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's-related dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"356-370"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145192301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the link between dietary omega-3 fatty acids and risk of Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study.","authors":"Mohammad Mehdi Abbasi, Mahshad Shahabi, Sajjad Khandae, Mousa Attarzadeh, Bahram Rashidkhani","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2563378","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2563378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>There is a serious conflict in the literature regarding the relationship between Omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, the relationship between Alzheimer's and dietary omega-3 fatty acids has not been explored in the Middle East region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of Alzheimer's disease. The study included 301 participants (150 cases and 151 controls). Cases were recruited among people in the early stages of the disease who had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease within the past six months. Controls were selected from health centres across Tehran. Dietary intake was assessed using the validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting for potential cofounders, individuals in the third tertile of total dietary omega-3 fatty acids had 64 percent lower chance of Alzheimer's disease (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.18-0.74). Among women, compared to the lowest tertile, female subjects in the third tertile of total omega-3 fatty acids intake had an odds ratio of 0.22 for Alzheimer's disease (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.08-0.63). Yet, within the group of participants experiencing overweight or obesity, the adjusted models show no significant association between omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of Alzheimer's disease.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In summary, our findings indicated that higher dietary omega-3 fatty acids might be associated with a decreased risk of Alzheimer's disease. However, further research is required to explore the relationship between dietary omega-3 fatty acids and Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"325-333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145308771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of obesity on human brain metabolites: a systematic review on magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies.","authors":"Sneha Majumder, Kavitha Menon, Bhushan Borotikar","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2559874","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2559874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Obesity can lead to cerebral consequences that are mediated by peripheral inflammation and, consequently, neuroinflammation. Brain metabolites play a pivotal role in regulating neuroinflammation and maintaining neuronal health. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) can effectively capture neurometabolic changes. This systematic review aimed to understand the evaluation of MRS-based common neurometabolites and their alteration patterns in obesity and identify vulnerable brain regions of interest.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted with Scopus, PubMed, and Google scholar search engines, using appropriate queries that included all the original research articles published in English and performed MRS on obese humans irrespective of age and gender.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of eight studies were selected for evidence synthesis. The sample size of the studies ranged from <i>n</i> = 23 to <i>n</i> = 115. The majority of the studies (<i>n</i> = 7) were cross-sectionally designed. The most altered neurometabolites were N-acetyl aspartate and Myo Inositol. The most explored brain region was the occipitoparietal grey matter, including the posterior cingulate gyrus. Discussion: The altered neurometabolites support the obesity and neuroinflammation interrelationship. However, the evidence is reported from the pool of correlational studies that do not establish a causal relationship between obesity and neurometabolic alterations. Additionally, the limitations of in vivo MRS are to be considered for reporting the inferences. The available information was based on obesity assessment with BMI and was limited to racial homogeneity of the western population. Thus, with diversity in ethnicity and obesity diagnosis methods, more clinical research is required to generalize the findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"279-297"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145064978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}