Nutritional Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Impact of obesity on human brain metabolites: a systematic review on magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies.","authors":"Sneha Majumder, Kavitha Menon, Bhushan Borotikar","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2559874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2025.2559874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Obesity can lead to cerebral consequences that are mediated by peripheral inflammation and, consequently, neuroinflammation. Brain metabolites play a pivotal role in regulating neuroinflammation and maintaining neuronal health. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) can effectively capture neurometabolic changes. This systematic review aimed to understand the evaluation of MRS-based common neurometabolites and their alteration patterns in obesity and identify vulnerable brain regions of interest.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted with Scopus, PubMed, and Google scholar search engines, using appropriate queries that included all the original research articles published in English and performed MRS on obese humans irrespective of age and gender.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of eight studies were selected for evidence synthesis. The sample size of the studies ranged from <i>n</i> = 23 to <i>n</i> = 115. The majority of the studies (<i>n</i> = 7) were cross-sectionally designed. The most altered neurometabolites were N-acetyl aspartate and Myo Inositol. The most explored brain region was the occipitoparietal grey matter, including the posterior cingulate gyrus. Discussion: The altered neurometabolites support the obesity and neuroinflammation interrelationship. However, the evidence is reported from the pool of correlational studies that do not establish a causal relationship between obesity and neurometabolic alterations. Additionally, the limitations of in vivo MRS are to be considered for reporting the inferences. The available information was based on obesity assessment with BMI and was limited to racial homogeneity of the western population. Thus, with diversity in ethnicity and obesity diagnosis methods, more clinical research is required to generalize the findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145064978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The acute effects of alpha-lactalbumin intake on tryptophan metabolites and mood in older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment.","authors":"Arion K Yu, Nicolaas E P Deutz, Carolina N Perez, Sofie DeWandel, Laura E Ruebush, Mariëlle P K J Engelen","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2554359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2025.2554359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study explores the relationship between Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), mood disturbances, and tryptophan (TRP) metabolites of the kynurenine and serotonin pathway in older adults, focusing on the acute effects of a TRP-rich protein meal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>32 older adults (age 55 and up) with MCI (MoCA score 18-26) and 26 older adults without MCI matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed for mood and TRP metabolites. A subset of these subjects then consumed an alpha-lactalbumin (ALAC) meal rich in TRP. Plasma TRP metabolite concentrations and mood (using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) scale) were assessed before and 3 h after intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, MCI subjects had higher plasma anthranilic acid than non-MCI controls (<i>p</i> = 0.015). Intake of ALAC resulted in increases in plasma TRP, kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, kynurenic acid, picolinic acid (all <i>p</i> < 0.001), and anthranilic acid (<i>p</i> = <0.001) but not in serotonin (<i>p</i> = 0.065). Higher picolinic acid levels were found after ALAC intake in the MCI than in the non-MCI group (<i>p</i> = <0.001). The TRP/large neutral amino acid ratio increased by 89.9% in MCI subjects and 95.9% in controls. There were no acute changes in mood after ALAC intake.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Older adults with MCI showed elevated baseline anthranilic acid, and TRP-rich protein intake acutely increases TRP availability and upregulates the kynurenine but not serotonin pathway without mood improvement. Post-ALAC increases in picolinic acid in MCI subjects warrants further investigation.<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT05395390, NCT02082418.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the therapeutic potential of chlorogenic acid in alleviating olanzapine-induced metabolic syndrome in rats: a key role of hypothalamic satiety proteins.","authors":"Zeinab Ebrahimian, Bibi Marjan Razavi, Seyed Ali Mousavi Shaegh, Hossein Hosseinzadeh","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2460385","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2460385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Olanzapine (Olz) is an effective antipsychotic medication for schizophrenia; however, its use is associated with weight gain and metabolic disorders. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a dietary polyphenol, has a promising potential for the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. This study aimed to determine whether CGA could effectively manage Olz-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a rat model, with metformin (Met) as a positive control.<b>Methods:</b> Female Wistar rats were divided into seven groups: control; Olz (5 mg/kg/day, IP); CGA (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg/day, gavage) plus Olz; Met (100 mg/kg/day, gavage) plus Olz; and CGA (80 mg/kg/day, gavage) for 30 days. Metabolic parameters including body weight, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and blood pressure were assessed. This study focused on evaluating serum levels of leptin and adiponectin, as well as hypothalamic protein expression of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), neuropeptide Y (NPY), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and 5-HT2C receptors (5-HT2CR), which are known to influence energy balance and potentially play a role in Olz-induced metabolic abnormalities.<b>Results:</b> Olz caused substantial hyperphagia, weight gain, hypertension, and liver damage, along with elevated fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and leptin levels. CGA and Met mitigated these effects, although Olz-induced elevation of adiponectin levels remained unaffected by either treatment. Mechanistically, Olz reduced 5-HT2CR protein levels, a trend that was observed in the CGA and Met therapy groups. Olz also enhanced NPY protein levels and the pAMPK/AMPK ratio while lowering POMC protein levels. These alterations were reversed in rats administered CGA or Met.<b>Discussion:</b> These findings suggest that CGA effectively attenuated the adverse metabolic consequences of Olz by modulating leptin, NPY, POMC, and AMPK protein levels. CGA's therapeutic potential highlights its potential as a dietary intervention for managing antipsychotic-induced metabolic disturbances.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1055-1074"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> on blood pressure and cognitive function.","authors":"Lucy Ellis, Stephania Aragón-Rojas, Louise Dye, Christine Boesch","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2462944","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2462944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> is well known for its blood pressure lowering properties, particularly in hypertensive individuals. To date, effects of hibiscus on cognitive performance have not been assessed, hence the current pilot study explored the acute effects of hibiscus consumption on cognitive performance and metabolic outcomes in overweight individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty participants aged 35 ± 2.8 years with a BMI of 30 ± 1.2 (kg/m²) were recruited to a randomised, placebo-controlled crossover study. Participants received either a hibiscus-containing beverage or an inert placebo alongside a high carbohydrate breakfast. Metabolic and cognitive measures were assessed across a 2-hour postprandial period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consumption of the hibiscus drink significantly reduced postprandial glucose response compared to placebo after 30 and 45 min, with no change in blood pressure. Hibiscus consumption significantly attenuated the decline in delayed word recall on the visual verbal learning test. Additionally, there was a decrease in retroactive interference after hibiscus, suggesting that newly learned information interfered less with recall of previously learned information in comparison to placebo. Furthermore, non-significant improvements (<i>p</i> = 0.063) in executive function and pattern separation were observed following hibiscus consumption.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To summarise, this pilot study demonstrates that acute hibiscus consumption moderately affects aspects of memory and executive function, coupled with beneficial effects on postprandial glucose response. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings in larger sample sizes and to determine the effect of longer-term consumption of hibiscus on these outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1093-1103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prospective therapeutic benefits of sesamol: neuroprotection in neurological diseases.","authors":"Yuchao Guo, Yaqing Wang, Boyang Xu, Yue Li","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2457051","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2457051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidative stress is recognized as a critical contributor to the advancement of neurological diseases, thereby rendering the alleviation of oxidative stress a pivotal strategy in the therapeutic management of such conditions. Sesamol, the principal constituent of sesame oil, has been the subject of extensive research due to its significant antioxidant properties, especially its ability to effectively counteract oxidative stress within the central nervous system and confer neuroprotection. While sesamol demonstrates potential in the treatment and prevention of neurological diseases, its modulation of oxidative stress is complex and not yet fully understood. This review delves into the neuroprotective effects arising from sesamol's antioxidant properties, analyzing how its antioxidative capabilities impact neurological diseases. It provides a theoretical foundation and unveils potential novel therapeutic applications of sesamol in the treatment of neurological disorders through the modulation of oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1120-1133"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced strategies for enhancing the neuroprotective potential of curcumin: delivery systems and mechanistic insights in neurodegenerative disorders.","authors":"Pratikeswar Panda, Shreyashree Mohanty, Sangita Ranee Gouda, Tirtha Chandan Baral, Abhijit Mohanty, Jyotirmay Nayak, Rajaram Mohapatra","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2472773","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2472773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound derived from Curcuma longa, exhibits significant neuroprotective potential due to its diverse pharmacological properties.<b>Objective</b>: This review explores curcumin's role in modulating key pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's diseases, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Huntington's Disease and Prion Disease.<b>Methods</b>: A comprehensive analysis of curcumin's molecular interactions, including its effects on amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and metal-induced neurotoxicity, was conducted. Additionally, strategies to overcome its low bioavailability and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability were evaluated.<b>Results</b>: Curcumin inhibits Aβ aggregation and promotes disaggregation, reducing amyloid plaque formation in Alzheimer's disease. It modulates glial cell activity, attenuating neuroinflammation and fostering a neuroprotective environment. By interacting with tau proteins, curcumin prevents hyperphosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangle formation. As a potent antioxidant, it scavenges reactive oxygen species, mitigating oxidative stress-related neuronal damage. Its metal-chelating properties further diminish neurotoxicity by sequestering iron and copper ions. Despite its limited bioavailability and BBB permeability, curcumin's therapeutic efficacy can be enhanced using nanocarriers such as nanoparticles, liposomes, and micelles, which improve solubility, stability, and brain penetration.<b>Conclusion</b>: Curcumin's multifaceted neuroprotective mechanisms make it a promising candidate for preventing or slowing neurodegenerative disease progression. Advanced drug delivery systems hold potential for overcoming its pharmacokinetic limitations, paving the way for future clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1151-1176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced nutraceutical approaches to Parkinson's disease: bridging nutrition and neuroprotection.","authors":"Rarchita Sharma, Lokesh Bhate, Yogeeta Agrawal, Ashok Aspatwar","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2469170","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2469170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by progressive motor symptoms, including tremors, bradykinesia, and postural instability. The disease is characterized by dopaminergic neuron degeneration in the substantia nigra, leading to cognitive decline and motor dysfunction. Dietary supplements, known as nutraceuticals, have numerous health and medical benefits for treating and preventing the disease. Nutraceuticals offer neuroprotection through several mechanisms, including iron chelation, modulation of the cell-signaling pathway, scavenging of superoxide radicals and ROS, and suppression of inflammation. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of nutraceuticals as a complementary approach to traditional pharmaceutical treatments. Nutritional supplements such as Coenzyme Q10, Lycopene, Resveratrol, and Omega-3 fatty acids offer neuroprotection by targeting alpha-synuclein misfolding, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, potentially reducing the disease progression and improving patients' quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1134-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive function in response to a pecan-enriched meal: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study in healthy adults.","authors":"Alyssa J Guadagni, M Catherine Prater, Chad M Paton, Jamie A Cooper","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2461018","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2461018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine cognitive responses to a pecan-enriched (68 g) meal or an isocaloric control meal in healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-one adults completed a double-blind, randomized crossover trial with two testing visits: a pecan-enriched shake (PEC) (68 g pecans) or a high saturated fat shake as control (CON). A cognitive battery, visual analog scale for motivation, and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale were administered at fasting and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h postprandially.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consumption of the PEC shake led to superior cognitive performance in Rapid Visual Information Processing percent correct and false alarms (<i>p </i>= 0.021 and <i>p </i>= 0.001), Choice Reaction Time percent correct (<i>p </i>= 0.005), Digit Vigilance false alarms (<i>p </i>= 0.036), Immediate Word Recall correct and error responses (<i>p </i>= 0.007 and <i>p </i>= 0.008), and Delayed Word Recall correct and error responses (<i>p </i>= 0.002 for both). Conversely, CON led to better performance in Word Recognition percent correct and correct reaction time measures (<i>p </i>= 0.017 and <i>p </i>= 0.005) and Numeric Working Memory percent correct measures (<i>p </i>= 0.034).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consumption of a pecan-enriched meal enhanced cognitive performance compared to control. More than one-third (8/23) of the cognitive measures were favorable for pecan (4 in attention and processing speed, 4 in memory and learning), whereas only 3 were favorable for control (2 in memory and learning, 1 in executive function).<b>Trial registration</b>: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05230212.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1075-1092"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-based eating pattern and psychological symptoms: a cross-sectional survey among patients with migraine.","authors":"Elham Karimi, Hajar Heidari, Maryam Kazemi, Amir Hadi, Gholamreza Askari, Fariborz Khorvash, Arman Arab","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2454168","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2454168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study evaluated the association between plant-based diet index (PDI) and psychological symptoms, including depressive symptoms, stress, and anxiety among Iranian women diagnosed with migraine headaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 262 patients with migraine (aged 20-50 years; body mass index, 18.5-30 kg/m²). Three versions of the PDI were calculated: overall PDI, healthy PDI (hPDI), and unhealthy PDI (uPDI) based on dietary data collected via a 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Psychological symptoms, including depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress, were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustment for potential confounders, patients in the highest tertile of the PDI showed a lower risk of depressive symptoms [odds ratio (OR) = 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22, 0.77]. Furthermore, inverse associations were evident between the PDI score and the risk of stress (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.85).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Higher adherence to a plant-based eating pattern is associated with a reduced risk of psychological symptoms. However, future longitudinal studies and clinical trials should replicate our observations and delineate the underlying mechanisms driving these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1022-1033"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective potential of paddy rice: advancing nutritional and therapeutic strategies for brain health.","authors":"Sachin Kothawade, Vijaya Padwal, Shreya Bhosale, Priti Mhaske, Rutuja Jedhe, Supriya Makhare, Dwarkadas Baheti","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2497036","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1028415X.2025.2497036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review examines the neuroprotective potential of paddy rice bioactive compounds, with a focus on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroregenerative properties that may aid in preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Key compounds analyzed include tocotrienols, gamma-oryzanol, and phenolic acids.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive review of existing studies detailing the mechanisms by which paddy rice bioactives support brain health. These compounds were examined for their effects on oxidative stress reduction, neuroinflammation modulation, neurotransmitter regulation, and neurogenesis promotion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bioactives such as gamma-oryzanol and ferulic acid were found to decrease neuroinflammatory markers and support neurotransmitter function. Research shows paddy rice compounds enhance neural resilience and cognitive function, suggesting their potential role in managing disorders like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While preclinical evidence underscores the therapeutic promise of paddy rice bioactives, further clinical studies are needed to confirm efficacy, establish optimal dosages, and improve bioavailability. This review advocates for advanced nutraceutical development using paddy rice to bridge preclinical findings and clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1177-1196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}