Ocular Immunology and Inflammation最新文献

{"title":"Multimodal Imaging Patterns in Chronic, Clinically Inactive Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease.","authors":"Marco Nassisi, Chiara Mapelli, Francesco Tripodi, Giuseppe Casalino, Luca Seregni, Claudia Mainetti, Francesco Viola","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2725803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2026.2725803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>to characterize multimodal imaging patterns in chronic, clinically inactive Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease and assess their association with clinical parameters, including disease duration and recurrence history.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 43 eyes from 22 patients with chronic, clinically inactive VKH were evaluated. Inactivity was defined by the absence of active anterior chamber or vitreous inflammation and no funduscopic, tomographic or angiographic signs of ongoing inflammation. All patients underwent multimodal imaging, including fundus autofluorescence (FAF), infrared reflectance (IR), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography. Imaging patterns were assessed by masked observers. Associations with clinical variables were analyzed using logistic regression models with Generalized Estimating Equations to account for inter-eye correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most frequent findings were a granular FAF pattern (32/43 eyes, 74.4%), peripapillary hypoautofluorescence (30/43 eyes, 69.8%), and IR hyperreflective spots (27/43 eyes, 62.8%). A peripapillary hyperautofluorescent halo was observed in 10 eyes (23.3%). Peripapillary hypoautofluorescence consistently corresponded to outer retinal and RPE atrophy on OCT, whereas IR hyperreflective spots showed limited correspondence with FAF, OCT, or angiographic abnormalities. Longer disease duration was associated with granular FAF pattern (B = 0.515, <i>p</i> = 0.039) and inversely associated with peripapillary hyperautofluorescent halo (B = -0.347, <i>p</i> = 0.030). IR hyperreflective spots were not significantly associated with clinical parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Multimodal imaging reveals a consistent spectrum of structural alterations in chronic, clinically inactive VKH. Specific FAF patterns were associated with disease duration, suggesting cross-sectional differences compatible with cumulative structural remodeling, without demonstrating longitudinal progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148920318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone Acetonide in Noninfectious Uveitic Macular Edema: A Systematic Review of Evolving Clinical Evidence.","authors":"Ali Dal, Murat Erdağ, Mehmet Çitirik","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2730451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2026.2730451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Macular edema is a leading cause of vision loss in noninfectious uveitis (NIU). Suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide (CLS-TA) has emerged as a targeted corticosteroid delivery strategy with a favorable anatomical and functional profile. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CLS-TA in NIU-associated macular edema by synthesizing evidence from clinical trials and real-world studies.<b>Methods:</b> A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), supplemented by manual screening of reference lists, was conducted from database inception to March 1, 2026. Fourteen studies were included, comprising randomized controlled trials, post hoc and extension analyses, and real-world observational cohorts. Due to overlapping patient populations, a descriptive synthesis was performed.<b>Results:</b> Across studies, CLS-TA demonstrated consistent improvements in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ranging from +7 to +16 ETDRS letters, alongside significant reductions in central macular thickness (CMT) of approximately 152 to 200 µm. Clinically significant intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation (≥30 mmHg) occurred in fewer than 10% of patients in controlled trials and 11.8% in real-world cohorts, with prior glaucoma or ocular hypertension identified as a key risk factor. Cataract progression over 24 to 48 weeks of follow-up was infrequent and comparable to control groups.Emerging evidence supports the efficacy of CLS-TA in broader clinical contexts, including pediatric uveitis, mixed-etiology cystoid macular edema, and cases refractory to sub-Tenon corticosteroid therapy.<b>Conclusions:</b> Suprachoroidal CLS-TA represents an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for NIU-associated macular edema, with a favorable safety profile and expanding clinical applicability. Further long-term and comparative studies are warranted to define its role within the evolving therapeutic landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between IgA Nephropathy and Uveitis Using Clinical Setting Data.","authors":"Natan Lishinsky-Fischer, Ittamar Gork, Aviya R Jacobs, Yaacov Corcos, Jaime Levy","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2729198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2026.2729198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the association between IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and the incidence of uveitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a multicenter global research network, adult patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) were compared to a control cohort of patients diagnosed with nephrosclerosis following a renal biopsy. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance baseline characteristics between the IgAN and control cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>4,431 and 8,307 patients were identified for the IgAN and control groups, respectively. After PSM, 3,835 patients were included in both groups. A total of 18 patients (0.474%) in the IgAN group developed uveitis, compared with ≤10 patients (0.263%) in the control group. This result corresponds to a HR of 2.21 (95% CI [1.02, 4.80]; <i>p</i> = 0.0394).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with IgAN had a higher risk of developing uveitis compared with matched controls with nephrosclerosis. These findings suggest a potential association between IgAN and ocular inflammatory disease. Further research is needed in order to assess this potential association.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic Tear Fluid Analysis in Acute Anterior Uveitis Reveals Distinct Characteristics During Active Inflammation.","authors":"Lynn S Zur Bonsen, Uwe Pleyer, Dominika Pohlmann, Melis C Cömert Arisoy, Vadim Farztdinov, Hildrun Haibel, Isabel Kaeferstein, Vitus A Knecht, Steffen E Künzel, Michael Mülleder, Fabian Proft, Mikhail Protopopov, Valeria Rios Rodriguez, Anne Rübsam, Murat Torgutalp, Denis Poddubnyy, Judith Rademacher","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2712375","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2712375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To analyze the tear fluid proteome of non-infectious acute anterior uveitis to identify objective markers of inflammation and further dissect the underlying disease pathology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients from the Uveitis arm of the German Spondyloarthritis Inception cohort with available tear fluid samples and consecutive patients attending the Ophthalmology Department were included. In total, 47 patients with unilateral, non-infectious acute anterior uveitis, including 23 with follow-up samples during non-inflamed state, and 23 healthy controls were enrolled. Tear fluid was collected using Schirmer strips from both eyes during unilateral inflammation and ≥5 months after uveitis resolution from the initially inflamed eye, and from the left eye of healthy individuals. Proteomic analysis was performed by mass spectrometry in data-independent acquisition mode.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,994 proteins were consistently identified in the tear fluid. Of these, 24 proteins were significantly differently expressed in the eye with active uveitis compared to the non-inflamed fellow eye: the most strongly upregulated proteins were protein S100-P, villin-like protein, and glutamine synthetase, while the most downregulated proteins were protein S100-A7, immunoglobulin kappa joining 3, and prostaglandin D2 synthase. The latter was also downregulated in active uveitis compared to follow-up and healthy controls. Compared to the post-inflammatory samples, active uveitis showed 201 differentially expressed proteins, including upregulation of proteins related to unfolded protein binding and downregulation of proteins involved in metabolic processes and energy-related pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Uveitis alters the tear fluid proteome, indicating the potential of identifying biomarkers useful for diagnostics and monitoring the course of inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1508-1517"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148761050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Analysis of Retinal and Choroidal Microvascular Changes in Adult IBD Patients: Insights into the Gut-Retina Axis.","authors":"Gazi Bekir Özçakmakcı, Erhan Kanat, Sevim Ayça Seyyar, Sezgin Barutçu","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2700557","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2700557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To quantitatively evaluate retinal and choroidal microvascular alterations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease using optical coherence tomography angiography and to investigate the potential of these parameters as non-invasive biomarkers for the \"gut-retina axis.\"</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, case-control study included 88 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (56 with Crohn's disease and 32 with ulcerative colitis) and 88 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent 6 × 6 mm macular and 4.5 × 4.5 mm optic disc scans using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography (AngioVue). Key parameters analyzed included vessel density in the superficial and deep capillary plexus, choriocapillaris blood flow area, foveal avascular zone area, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Statistical comparisons were performed using independent samples t-tests, Mann-Whitney U, ANOVA, or Kruskal-Wallis tests as appropriate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IBD group exhibited significantly higher parafoveal VD in the SCP (52.85 ± 4.66 vs. 51.57 ± 3.68, <i>p</i> = 0.003) and DCP (56.56 ± 4.26 vs. 52.84 ± 4.07, <i>p</i> < 0.001) compared to controls. CBFA was also significantly increased in IBD patients (<i>p</i> < 0.001). UC patients had higher superficial foveal density than controls and CD patients (<i>p</i> = 0.017). Conversely, CD patients demonstrated a significantly larger FAZ area than UC patients (0.318 vs. 0.234 mm², <i>p</i> = 0.004). CMT and peripapillary parameters showed no significant differences between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IBD patients demonstrate increased retinal VD and choroidal flow areas on OCTA, potentially reflecting systemic inflammatory vasodilation. The structural differences between CD and UC suggest OCTA may help explore the gut-retina axis. However, future longitudinal studies adjusting for disease activity and treatments are needed to validate these metrics as clinical biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1466-1475"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cilioretinal-Sparing Central Retinal Artery Occlusion in a Child with Adenosine Deaminase 2 (ADA2) Deficiency.","authors":"Arpit Sharma, Renu P Rajan, Muthukrishnan V, Naresh B Kannan, Kim Ramasamy","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2724555","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2724555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report cilioretinal-sparing central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in a child with adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) deficiency and polyarteritis nodosa-like systemic vasculitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case report was based on clinical records, retinal imaging, automated visual field testing, systemic evaluation, and genetic testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An 11-year-old girl first presented with intermittent exotropia and a normal fundus. Eight months later, she developed fever, weight loss, post-prandial abdominal pain, vasculitic rash, and hypertensive urgency. Her elder brother was also diagnosed with severe hypertension. Skin biopsy revealed medium-vessel vasculitis, raising suspicion for monogenic polyarteritis nodosa-like vasculitis. ADA2 testing was initiated, and she began treatment with oral prednisolone and azathioprine. Twelve months after her initial ophthalmic visit, she maintained best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes but showed a neuroretinitis-like appearance in the left eye, including subtle optic disc margin blurring, sectoral retinal whitening, perivascular sheathing, and peripapillary exudation. One week later, she reported a grey central field disturbance. Visual acuity remained 20/20, but automated perimetry revealed a dense paracentral scotoma. At this time, genetic testing confirmed a homozygous pathogenic ADA2 variant in both siblings. Fundus examination and optical coherence tomography identified CRAO with cilioretinal artery territory sparing. She was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone, blood pressure management, and adalimumab. At 6 months, visual acuity remained stable, with persistent paracentral field loss and structural sequelae of CRAO.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ADA2 deficiency should be considered in children with retinal arterial occlusion, especially when systemic vasculitis, severe hypertension, or sibling involvement is present.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1595-1598"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Clinical Prognosis with the Changes of Aqueous Viral Load and Interleukin-8 Levels in Patients with Acute Retinal Necrosis.","authors":"Ting Yu, Hong-Ri Wu, Dan Zhu, Li Chen, Yong Tao","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2652495","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2652495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the correlation between viral load, interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels and clinical outcomes during antiviral therapy in patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Before intravitreal injections of ganciclovir, aqueous humor samples were collected from 43 ARN patients (53 eyes). Viral load was quantified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and IL-8 concentrations were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Relevant medical records and clinical characteristics were collected for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Varicella zoster virus (VZV) was detected in 49 eyes (92.5%). No significant difference in Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was found between baseline and final follow-up (<i>p</i> = 0.43). In VZV-induced ARN eyes, those with high initial viral loads (≥5.0 × 10⁶ copies/ml) had significantly worse baseline and final BCVA than those with low viral load (p₁ < 0.01, p₂ < 0.01). Worse final BCVA correlated positively with both higher baseline VZV DNA loads (<i>r</i> = 0.14, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and elevated IL-8 levels (<i>r</i> = 0.26, <i>p</i> < 0.01). After treatment, viral load and IL-8 levels showed a plateau phase and a subsequent decrease. The viral load plateau lasted two weeks, while the IL-8 plateau lasted only one week. Viral load changes were positively correlated with IL-8 changes after antiviral therapy (<i>r</i> = 0.33, <i>p</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Monitoring aqueous viral load and IL-8 levels may serve as a potential indicator for assessing the efficacy of antiviral treatment. Notably, IL-8 demonstrates greater sensitivity in reflecting the treatment response.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1390-1397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148761358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of Type I Interferons and Monoclonal Antibodies in Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Armand Ceniza, Skyler Colwell, Wesley Burrow, Jorge Cervantes","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2700561","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2700561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) is an animal model of non-infectious uveitis used to study immune-mediated ocular inflammation. Type I interferons and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent distinct immunomodulatory strategies used in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis and associated uveitis. This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of these treatments in EAU.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PRISMA guidelines were followed for systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO ID-1320794). PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched through April 2025 for studies evaluating Type I interferons or monoclonal antibodies in EAU. Inclusion was rodent models of EAU treated with Type I interferons or mAbs and reporting clinical eye inflammation (EI) or histologic inflammation (H) scores pre/post treatment. Effect sizes were calculated using standardized mean differences. Risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven studies evaluating Type I interferons and fifty studies evaluating monoclonal antibodies were included. Type I interferon therapy significantly reduced EI scores compared with controls (SMD =  -0.68, <i>p</i> < 0.001) but did not significantly reduce histologic inflammation (SMD ≈  -0.55, <i>p</i> = 0.25). Meta-regression showed no relationship between interferon dose/frequency and treatment efficacy. In contrast, monoclonal antibodies produced larger reductions in inflammation (EI: Hedges' <i>g</i> =  -3.09 [95% CI - 3.70, -2.47]; H: Hedges' <i>g</i> =  -1.76 [95% CI - 2.26, -1.27]), with time-stratified analysis demonstrating greater histologic improvement during later disease stages. Both therapies reduce EAU inflammation, but monoclonal antibodies demonstrate greater efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that targeted cytokine or co-stimulatory pathway inhibition demonstrated larger anti-inflammatory effects than interferon-mediated immunomodulation in preclinical EAU models, though clinical applicability remains uncertain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1476-1491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148536575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed Choroidal Neovascular Membrane After Unilateral Acute Idiopathic Maculopathy.","authors":"Prathiba Hande, Vighnesh Shetty, Shreya Angrish, Anisha Vyawahare, Vishma Prabhu, Ramesh Venkatesh","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2703623","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2703623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a case of delayed choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) following unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy (UAIM) and to highlight the potential role of persistent choriocapillaris dysfunction and inflammation in its pathogenesis and management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 22-year-old woman with a previous history of steroid-responsive UAIM presented 9 months later with reduced vision (6/30) in the same eye. Multimodal imaging, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA), fluorescein angiography (FFA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), was performed to characterize the lesion. A subfoveal CNVM was identified and initially treated with intravitreal faricimab. Owing to persistent vascular activity and the subsequent development of adjacent inflammatory lesions, systemic corticosteroids were added in combination with further anti-VEGF therapy.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Initial anti-VEGF therapy reduced exudation but failed to achieve complete disease control. Following combined anti-VEGF and systemic corticosteroid therapy, both the inflammatory lesions and CNVM activity regressed. At final follow-up, exudation had resolved, OCTA demonstrated a compact mature vascular network without evidence of active neovascularization, and best-corrected visual acuity improved from 6/30 to 6/12.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CNVM may develop as a delayed complication of UAIM despite apparent structural recovery. Persistent choriocapillaris hypoperfusion and recurrent inflammation may contribute to its development, although a causal relationship remains to be established. This case highlights the value of multimodal imaging in identifying the underlying mechanisms of delayed CNVM and suggests that combined anti-VEGF and anti-inflammatory therapy may be beneficial in selected patients. Long-term surveillance is warranted in eyes with UAIM.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1585-1589"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148437552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Adalimumab in the Treatment of Refractory Behçet's Uveitis: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Hoda Mohamed Kamel El-Sobky, Hany Ahmed Khairy, Maha Mohamed Youssef, Nehal ElGhobashy, Aya E L-Sayed Abdel Khalek, Ali Abdelhakam El-Hayes","doi":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2696521","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09273948.2026.2696521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers, skin lesions, and ocular involvement. Uveitis is a major cause of disability and visual loss in BD. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adalimumab in refractory Behçet's uveitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective longitudinal cohort study included 25 patients with Behçet's disease and uveitis refractory to conventional immunosuppressive therapy. All patients received adalimumab 40 mg subcutaneously every other week and were followed for 1 year. Outcome measures included changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior chamber reaction, vitreous haze, retinal vasculitis, papillitis, retinitis, cystoid macular edema, corticosteroid use, and adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean BCVA improved from 0.14 ± 0.20 at baseline to 0.21 ± 0.23 at the final visit (<i>p</i> = 0.021). The proportion of eyes with absent anterior chamber reaction increased from 24% to 96% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while vitreous haze improved in 92% of patients. Vasculitis, retinitis, and papillitis decreased from 92% at baseline to 20% at final follow-up (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Mean systemic corticosteroid dose decreased from 27.20 ± 11 mg/day to 15.20 ± 6 mg/day (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Oral and genital ulcers were controlled in 84% of patients. Two patients discontinued adalimumab because of systemic infection, and one patient was switched to infliximab due to inadequate response.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adalimumab demonstrated significant efficacy in controlling ocular and systemic inflammation in refractory Behçet's uveitis with a meaningful steroid-sparing effect and acceptable safety profile over 1 year of follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":19406,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Immunology and Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":"1414-1426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148376536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}