npj Clean Water最新文献_第6页

National-scale nitrogen stoichiometry in China’s surface waters: spatiotemporal dynamics, proxy utility, and threshold-driven controls 中国地表水国家尺度氮化学计量学：时空动态、代理效用和阈值驱动控制

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2026-06-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-026-00592-5

Yi He, Xizhi Nong, Lihua Chen, Jiahua Wei

{"title":"National-scale nitrogen stoichiometry in China’s surface waters: spatiotemporal dynamics, proxy utility, and threshold-driven controls","authors":"Yi He, Xizhi Nong, Lihua Chen, Jiahua Wei","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00592-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00592-5","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total nitrogen (TN) are key components of freshwater nitrogen cycling, yet national-scale assessments of NH3-N/TN ratios, their seasonal variability, and environmental controls remain limited. Using observations from 307 river and 106 lake monitoring stations across China, we combined time series linear models, stepwise regression, and Random Forest with SHapley Additive exPlanations to quantify spatial patterns, seasonal dynamics, and NH3-N-TN coupling. Rivers consistently exhibited higher NH3-N, TN, and NH3-N/TN ratios than lakes and reservoirs. Although medium-ratio conditions dominated overall, rivers showed a greater proportion of high-ratio stations, particularly in the Southwestern River Basin, whereas the Songliao River Basin was characterized by predominantly low ratios. TN peaked in winter and during the non-flood season, whereas NH3-N/TN peaked in summer in rivers but in winter in lakes, revealing contrasting hydrological and thermal controls in lotic and lentic systems. NH3-N and TN were positively correlated nationally, especially in rivers under medium- and high-ratio conditions during flood and warm seasons, but this coupling weakened in lakes, low-ratio scenarios, and cold or dry periods. Temperature, runoff, and dissolved oxygen emerged as key drivers. These results show that NH3-N serves as a TN proxy only under limited basin-specific and hydrological-seasonal conditions.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Salinity limits magnetic field antifouling in water distribution systems 盐度限制了配水系统中的磁场防污作用

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2026-05-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-026-00588-1

Zeyuan Liu, Peng Hou, Ruihong Yu, Qifeng Liu, Yong Wang, Tahir Muhammad, Yang Xiao, Yunkai Li

引用次数: 0

Spatially referenced watershed models for the binational Red–Assiniboine River Basin: Bayesian vs frequentist comparison 两国红-阿西尼博因河流域的空间参考流域模型：贝叶斯与频率比较

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2026-04-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-026-00580-9

E. Agnes Blukacz-Richards, Felix Ouellet, Alex Neumann, Dale M. Robertson, Glenn A. Benoy, George Arhonditsis, David A. Saad

{"title":"Spatially referenced watershed models for the binational Red–Assiniboine River Basin: Bayesian vs frequentist comparison","authors":"E. Agnes Blukacz-Richards, Felix Ouellet, Alex Neumann, Dale M. Robertson, Glenn A. Benoy, George Arhonditsis, David A. Saad","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00580-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00580-9","url":null,"abstract":"Excess nutrient loading remains a leading cause of declining water quality in lakes, estuaries, and coastal waters worldwide, with global economic costs of US$200 billion – US$2 trillion annually from impacts on fisheries, tourism, freshwater resources, and water treatment. Our study focuses on total phosphorus (TP) in Lake Winnipeg and its binational Red-Assiniboine River Basin, where nutrient inputs have degraded water quality and increased cyanobacterial blooms. These changes pose ecological, public health, and economic risks. We applied a spatially referenced watershed model with a hybrid statistical-mechanistic structure partitioning annual nutrient loads into land-use export, land-to-water delivery, and in-reservoir decay. Bayesian and traditional frequentist model calibrations were compared. In the frequentist model, coefficients for agricultural inputs, forests /wetlands, stream channels, precipitation, and reservoir losses were statistically significant, whereas coefficient for wastewater was not. In contrast, all variables were successfully calibrated using the Bayesian approach. Model results delineate TP-export hotspots across the basin, showing that 54–62% of TP originates from the U.S., with agricultural sources ranging 62–72%—highlighting the importance of agriculture-focused Best Management Practices. Given the global relevance of nutrient-driven water-quality challenges, our results highlight Bayesian calibration for robust risk assessment and adaptive nutrient management.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147751852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carboxylated wood membranes for selective capture and recovery of critical and commodity metal cations 用于选择性捕获和回收关键和商品金属阳离子的羧化木膜

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2026-04-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-026-00577-4

Antoni Sánchez-Ferrer, Devika Upadhye, Muzamil Jalil Ahmed, Baohu Wu

{"title":"Carboxylated wood membranes for selective capture and recovery of critical and commodity metal cations","authors":"Antoni Sánchez-Ferrer, Devika Upadhye, Muzamil Jalil Ahmed, Baohu Wu","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00577-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00577-4","url":null,"abstract":"Bio-based materials for selective metal cation capture are increasingly sought after as economic and sustainable alternatives to conventional polymeric/ceramic membranes. Here, spruce wood membranes were carboxylated via anhydride esterification with succinic anhydride (SA) and maleic anhydride (MA). Said membranes were used in cation-exchange filtration processes to capture/recover lithium (Li+) and ferric (Fe3+) ions from aqueous solutions. Structural and chemical analyses, e.g., FTIR, SEM-EDX, WAXS, TGA and DVS experiments, confirmed formation of Na-carboxylate exchange sites, following anhydride esterification and Na-charging with NaHCO3, while preserving the aligned wood microchannel architecture. Gravity-driven filtration experiments demonstrated significant differences as a result of these two modification routes. MA-modified membranes achieved near-quantitative Li+ removal (≈99.9%) with excellent regeneration stability over three cycles, whereas SA-modified membranes showed greater variability and partial performance decline. For Fe3+, MA-modified membranes exhibited significantly higher, stable removal efficiencies (≈72%) than succinic-modified membranes. Equilibrium ion-exchange experiments showed Langmuir-type monolayer adsorption on chemically homogeneous carboxylate sites, with higher affinity for Fe3+ (K = 0.017–0.020 L·mmol-1) than for Li+ (K = 0.0063-0.0078 L·mmol-1), reflecting the influence of the cation valence and coordination. Overall, MA modification provides a balanced combination of ion-exchange efficiency, structural robustness, and regeneration compatibility, establishing chemically modified wood membranes as promising, sustainable platforms for metal cation capture and recovery in water treatment applications.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147734066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Balancing biofouling control in membrane distillation by “shock” chlorination 膜蒸馏中“冲击”氯化平衡生物污染控制

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2026-04-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-026-00578-3

Daniel Dylewski, Alla Alpatova, Graciela Gonzalez-Gil, Najat A. Amin, Valentina-Elena Musteata, Stephen Ogg, Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder, Noreddine Ghaffour

{"title":"Balancing biofouling control in membrane distillation by “shock” chlorination","authors":"Daniel Dylewski, Alla Alpatova, Graciela Gonzalez-Gil, Najat A. Amin, Valentina-Elena Musteata, Stephen Ogg, Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder, Noreddine Ghaffour","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00578-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00578-3","url":null,"abstract":"Full-scale application of membrane distillation (MD) requires effective pretreatment strategies to control biofilms, a persistent challenge of desalination systems. This study explores the impact of “shock” chlorination on the direct contact MD (DCMD) using Red Sea water under conditions similar to reverse osmosis plants. The DCMD performance at different feedwater temperatures was evaluated, and biofilm architecture and composition were linked to key performance indicators. Our results demonstrated that “shock” chlorination delayed microbial growth and reduced biofilm coverage and thickness. Another positive aspect is reduced scaling propensity by limiting salt entrapment and deposition of Ca and Mg salts on the membrane surface. As a result, improved permeate fluxes were achieved at 45 °C and 55 °C without compromising permeate quality. However, at 65 °C, induced pore wetting occurred due to combined thermal and oxidation effects that impaired membrane’s selectivity indicating that while “shock” chlorination controls biofilms at lower and moderate temperatures, its effectiveness diminishes with temperature increase. Our study highlights that proactive strategies, such as controlled “shock” chlorination, are essential for efficient MD performance. A practical approach is to implement this strategy for biofilm management under carefully optimized operating conditions to minimize fouling risks and support resilient seawater MD systems.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Elucidating the role of salinity in regulating gypsum scaling in reverse osmosis and nanofiltration 阐明盐度在反渗透和纳滤中对石膏结垢的调节作用

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2026-04-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-026-00575-6

Shinyun Park, Yanji Tian, Hyung Kae Lee, Tiezheng Tong

{"title":"Elucidating the role of salinity in regulating gypsum scaling in reverse osmosis and nanofiltration","authors":"Shinyun Park, Yanji Tian, Hyung Kae Lee, Tiezheng Tong","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00575-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00575-6","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral scaling remains a major limitation in reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF). Despite a wide range of salinities have been reported for feedwater treated by RO and NF, the role of salinity in regulating mineral scaling remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated how feedwater salinity, along with membrane transport property, governs gypsum scaling in dynamic crossflow RO/NF systems using membranes with varied perm-selectivity, complemented by static nucleation experiments. Static experiments showed that increasing NaCl concentration prolonged the induction time of gypsum nucleation by lowering ion activity and consequently the saturation index, whereas the energy barrier and kinetic pre-factor of nucleation remained unchanged. Dynamic RO/NF experiments further revealed that an elevated salinity alleviated gypsum scaling by decreasing the saturation level at the membrane surface (SIm). Although membranes with different water and salt permeances exhibited varying extents of gypsum scaling, SIm displayed a linear relationship with scaling severity across all conditions, indicating that feedwater salinity and membrane transport property jointly regulate gypsum scaling through their combined influence on SIm. These findings elucidate the importance of feedwater salinity in governing gypsum scaling via controlling the saturation level at the water-membrane interface, providing mechanistic insights into mineral scaling during RO and NF.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147585976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Agricultural Drainage Water Treatment with Metal-Coated Recycled Glass as Filtration Media 金属包覆再生玻璃作为过滤介质处理农业排水

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2026-04-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-026-00574-7

Léalu Que-Trépanier, Lovenie Victor, Mathieu Lapointe

{"title":"Agricultural Drainage Water Treatment with Metal-Coated Recycled Glass as Filtration Media","authors":"Léalu Que-Trépanier, Lovenie Victor, Mathieu Lapointe","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00574-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00574-7","url":null,"abstract":"Excess nutrient and pollutant loading from agricultural runoff is a key driver of water quality degradation, necessitating low-cost, in-situ treatment solutions. Filtration beds are commonly employed for this purpose, yet reliance on sand as the primary filter medium is increasingly unsustainable. Crushed recycled glass is a promising alternative, though its performance characteristics and potential for surface modification remain underexplored. This study demonstrates that surface modification of crushed recycled glass with iron species improves turbidity removal, with statistically significant enhancements observed for specific treatment conditions (p < 0.05). Modified media also achieved Fe removal of at least 76% without detectable iron leaching. Orthophosphate removal by modified media, while constrained by the analytical limit of quantification and therefore representing minimum estimates, was consistently higher than that of unmodified glass. These findings show that surface modification of recycled glass can enhance contaminant removal, while highlighting the influence of particle size on overall performance, providing a foundation for future studies on its filtration behavior and potential for field applications.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147586001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Co-doped ZnO/Ti3C2 MXene hybrids with synergistic interfacial engineering for superior tetracycline photodegradation: experiment and theory 协同界面工程共掺杂ZnO/Ti3C2 MXene杂化物对四环素的良好光降解：实验与理论

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-026-00573-8

Kaniyampati Pavitra Vengamamba, Bolam Kim, Eun Mi Jo, Youngsu Lim, Devarayapalli Kamakshaiah Charyulu, Uday Kumar Khanapuram, Dae Sung Lee

{"title":"Co-doped ZnO/Ti3C2 MXene hybrids with synergistic interfacial engineering for superior tetracycline photodegradation: experiment and theory","authors":"Kaniyampati Pavitra Vengamamba, Bolam Kim, Eun Mi Jo, Youngsu Lim, Devarayapalli Kamakshaiah Charyulu, Uday Kumar Khanapuram, Dae Sung Lee","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00573-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00573-8","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic pollution poses a significant public health threat by promoting antibiotic resistance and reducing the effectiveness of existing medications, highlighting the urgent need for advanced water treatment technologies. In this study, a Ti3C2 MXene-supported cobalt-doped zinc oxide (Co–ZnO/MX) hybrid photocatalyst was synthesized via a hydrothermal method that enabled simultaneous metal-ion doping, heterojunction formation, and band-gap modulation. The synthesized catalysts exhibited effective photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline in aqueous solution. Among them, Co–ZnO/MX-12% demonstrated the highest performance, achieving a degradation efficiency of 93.7%, compared with 81.2% for ZnO and 84.3% for Co–ZnO under identical conditions. The effects of adsorption time, catalyst dosage, and initial pH were systematically investigated to optimize the degradation process. Reactive species trapping experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis confirmed that superoxide (•O2⁻) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals were the dominant active species responsible for tetracycline degradation. Density functional theory calculations were performed to analyze the work function, electronic density of states, band structure, and charge distribution of ZnO and Co–ZnO, elucidating the role of cobalt incorporation in modulating electronic properties. These findings provide insights into designing efficient MXene-based photocatalysts for wastewater remediation.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147585944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From short-lived to persistent: the significance of extracellular RNA in disinfected drinking water microbiomes 从短暂到持续：细胞外RNA在消毒饮用水微生物群中的意义

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2026-03-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-026-00572-9

Sakcham Bairoliya, Sudarsan Mugunthan, Dan Cheng, Yi-Nan Liu, Staffan Kjelleberg, Xiaole Yin, Bin Cao

{"title":"From short-lived to persistent: the significance of extracellular RNA in disinfected drinking water microbiomes","authors":"Sakcham Bairoliya, Sudarsan Mugunthan, Dan Cheng, Yi-Nan Liu, Staffan Kjelleberg, Xiaole Yin, Bin Cao","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00572-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00572-9","url":null,"abstract":"To assure the safe distribution of drinking water, it is critical to identify and limit adaptations that allow microorganisms to thrive in an oligotrophic system under disinfectant stress. Microbial adaptive responses are determined using RNA–based differential transcriptomics, which cannot be performed in environmental settings due to a lack of a baseline. This study introduces the concept of using extracellular RNA (eRNA) as a reference to determine important adaptive features in the disinfected drinking water microbiome. Using this method, we determined energy efficiency, dynamic membrane composition, oxidative stress response, and proper protein folding to be extremely important for survival in drinking water systems. Additionally, multiple antibiotic resistance genes are expressed and upregulated in the intracellular RNA fraction, indicating selection pressure. Non-coding RNA and transfer-messenger RNA found in eRNA suggest important regulatory functions. This study advances our understanding of eRNA in drinking water microbiomes and provides a framework for exploration in other environmental systems.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147536124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Localized or diffusive: insights into the source and geochemical dynamics of dissolved mercury contamination in groundwater of the mid-Gangetic Plains 局部或扩散：对恒河平原中部地下水中溶解汞污染的来源和地球化学动力学的见解

IF 11.4 1区工程技术

npj Clean Water Pub Date : 2026-03-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41545-026-00566-7

Manish Kumar, Aseem Saxena, Sachin Tripathi, Durga Prasad Panday, Nilotpal Das, Rajesh Singh, Vivek Agarwal, Jaime Dueñas-Moreno, Abrahan Mora, Jürgen Mahlknecht

{"title":"Localized or diffusive: insights into the source and geochemical dynamics of dissolved mercury contamination in groundwater of the mid-Gangetic Plains","authors":"Manish Kumar, Aseem Saxena, Sachin Tripathi, Durga Prasad Panday, Nilotpal Das, Rajesh Singh, Vivek Agarwal, Jaime Dueñas-Moreno, Abrahan Mora, Jürgen Mahlknecht","doi":"10.1038/s41545-026-00566-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-026-00566-7","url":null,"abstract":"Dissolved mercury (Hg) in groundwater poses underrecognized risks in industrial regions of South Asia. We assessed Hg occurrence, sources, and dynamics, with co-occurring metals, in the mid-Gangetic Plains (Kanpur), India. Hg was detected in all groundwater samples (n = 39; 0.02–3.8 µgL⁻¹), with 20% exceeding 1 µgL⁻¹ guideline, reflecting complex hydrological-geogenic–anthropogenic interactions, whereas river water samples (n = 11) showed no exceedances. Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-SO₄²⁻ type water indicates sulfur dominance linked to anthropogenic inputs (industrial emissions or coal combustion), creating sulfate-rich aquifer conditions under which Hg enrichment is observed. Hydrochemical patterns, elevated EC/TDS, and the proximity to irrigated land suggest that irrigation return-flow mediated evaporation-based enrichment may act as an important driver, contributing to Hg concentrations. Eh-pH analysis indicates aquifer redox conditions conducive to the stability of reduced dissolved Hg species. Probability exceedance shows a sharp decline in higher Hg levels, suggesting anthropogenic inputs, primarily atmospheric deposition. Health risk assessment indicates significant non-carcinogenic risks, especially for children (HQ > 2.5), dominated by arsenic (As) in river water. Co-contaminants [As, U (uranium), Cr (chromium), and Fe (iron)], and altered multivariate ionic clustering warrant further investigation. This study underscores the need for targeted regulation informed by hydrochemical diagnostics and public health risk frameworks.","PeriodicalId":19375,"journal":{"name":"npj Clean Water","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147536126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0