npj Biofilms and Microbiomes最新文献_第3页

DGCNN approach links metagenome-derived taxon and functional information providing insight into global soil organic carbon. DGCNN 方法将来源于元基因组的分类群和功能信息联系起来，有助于深入了解全球土壤有机碳。

IF 7.8 1区生物学

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00583-9

Laura-Jayne Gardiner, Matthew Marshall, Katharina Reusch, Chris Dearden, Mark Birmingham, Anna Paola Carrieri, Edward O Pyzer-Knapp, Ritesh Krishna, Andrew L Neal

{"title":"DGCNN approach links metagenome-derived taxon and functional information providing insight into global soil organic carbon.","authors":"Laura-Jayne Gardiner, Matthew Marshall, Katharina Reusch, Chris Dearden, Mark Birmingham, Anna Paola Carrieri, Edward O Pyzer-Knapp, Ritesh Krishna, Andrew L Neal","doi":"10.1038/s41522-024-00583-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41522-024-00583-9","url":null,"abstract":"Metagenomics can provide insight into the microbial taxa present in a sample and, through gene identification, the functional potential of the community. However, taxonomic and functional information are typically considered separately in downstream analyses. We develop interpretable machine learning (ML) approaches for modelling metagenomic data, combining the biological representation of species with their associated genetically encoded functions within models. We apply our methods to investigate soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. First, we combine a diverse global set of soil microbiome samples with environmental data, improving the predictive performance of classic ML and providing new insights into the role of soil microbiomes in global carbon cycling. Our network analysis of predictive taxa identified by classical ML models provides context for their ecological significance, extending the focus beyond just the most predictive taxa to 'hidden' features within the model that might be considered less predictive using standard methods for explainability. We next develop unique graph representations for individual microbiomes, linking microbial taxa to their associated functions directly, enabling predictions of SOC via deep graph convolutional neural networks (DGCNNs). Interpretation of the DGCNNs distinguished between the importance of functions of key individual species, providing genome sequence differences, e.g., gene loss/acquisition, that associate with SOC. These approaches identify several members of the Verrucomicrobiaceae family and a range of genetically encoded functions, e.g., related to carbohydrate metabolism, as important for SOC stocks and effective global SOC predictors. These relatively understudied but widespread organisms could play an important role in SOC dynamics globally.","PeriodicalId":19370,"journal":{"name":"npj Biofilms and Microbiomes","volume":"10 1","pages":"113"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of bile acids on the growth, composition and metabolism of gut bacteria. 胆汁酸对肠道细菌的生长、组成和新陈代谢的影响。

IF 7.8 1区生物学

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00566-w

Yi-Lei Peng, Si-Han Wang, Yu-Long Zhang, Man-Yun Chen, Kang He, Qing Li, Wei-Hua Huang, Wei Zhang

{"title":"Effects of bile acids on the growth, composition and metabolism of gut bacteria.","authors":"Yi-Lei Peng, Si-Han Wang, Yu-Long Zhang, Man-Yun Chen, Kang He, Qing Li, Wei-Hua Huang, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41522-024-00566-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-024-00566-w","url":null,"abstract":"Bile acids (BAs) exert a profound influence on the body's pathophysiology by intricately shaping the composition of gut bacteria. However, the complex interplay between BAs and gut microbiota has impeded a systematic exploration of their impact on intestinal bacteria. Initially, we investigated the effects of 21 BAs on the growth of 65 gut bacterial strains in vitro. Subsequently, we examined the impact of BAs on the overall composition of intestinal bacteria, both in vivo and in vitro. The results unveiled distinct effects of various BAs on different intestinal strains and their diverse impacts on the composition of gut bacteria. Mechanistically, the inhibition of intestinal strains by BAs occurs through the accumulation of these acids within the strains. The intracellular accumulation of deoxycholic acid (DCA) significantly influenced the growth of intestinal bacteria by impacting ribosome transcription and amino-acid metabolism. The metabolomic analysis underscores the pronounced impact of DCA on amino-acid profiles in both in vivo and in vitro settings. This study not only elucidates the effects of BAs on a diverse range of bacterial strains and their role in shaping the gut microbiota but also reveals underlying mechanisms essential for understanding and maintaining a healthy gut microbiota.","PeriodicalId":19370,"journal":{"name":"npj Biofilms and Microbiomes","volume":"10 1","pages":"112"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gut bacteria facilitate leaf beetles in adapting to dietary specialization by enhancing larval fitness. 肠道细菌通过提高幼虫的适应能力，促进叶甲虫适应食物的专门化。

IF 7.8 1区生物学

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00587-5

Meiqi Ma, Jing Luo, Xiaotong Chen, Chong Li, Siqun Li, Jianghua Sun, Letian Xu

{"title":"Gut bacteria facilitate leaf beetles in adapting to dietary specialization by enhancing larval fitness.","authors":"Meiqi Ma, Jing Luo, Xiaotong Chen, Chong Li, Siqun Li, Jianghua Sun, Letian Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41522-024-00587-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-024-00587-5","url":null,"abstract":"Dietary specialization between insect stages can reduce intraspecific food competition. The involvement of gut bacteria and the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon received limited attention. Plagiodera versicolora is a pest harming Salicaceae trees. Here, we confirmed dietary specialization in P. versicolora, wherein adults prefer new leaves, while larvae predominantly consume mature leaves when both types are available. We demonstrated the larval preference for mature leaves confers ecological advantages by promoting growth, development and immunity and this advantage is contingent upon the presence of gut bacteria. Gut microbiota in larvae revealed a significant enrichment of Pantoea when feeding new leaves, with P. anthophila exhibiting the most pronounced inhibitory effect on larval development. Further exploration identified specific metabolites, such as Tyrosyl-valine, with higher content in new leaves, which serve as substrates for the entomopathogenic gut bacterium to facilitate its proliferation. This study provides a fresh perspective on the ecological role of gut bacteria.","PeriodicalId":19370,"journal":{"name":"npj Biofilms and Microbiomes","volume":"10 1","pages":"110"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Community successional patterns and inter-kingdom interactions during granular biofilm development. 颗粒生物膜发育过程中的群落演替模式和生物界之间的相互作用

IF 7.8 1区生物学

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00581-x

Miguel de Celis, Oskar Modin, Lucía Arregui, Frank Persson, Antonio Santos, Ignacio Belda, Britt-Marie Wilén, Raquel Liébana

{"title":"Community successional patterns and inter-kingdom interactions during granular biofilm development.","authors":"Miguel de Celis, Oskar Modin, Lucía Arregui, Frank Persson, Antonio Santos, Ignacio Belda, Britt-Marie Wilén, Raquel Liébana","doi":"10.1038/s41522-024-00581-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41522-024-00581-x","url":null,"abstract":"Aerobic granular sludge is a compact and efficient biofilm process used for wastewater treatment which has received much attention and is currently being implemented worldwide. The microbial associations and their ecological implications occurring during granule development, especially those involving inter-kingdom interactions, are poorly understood. In this work, we monitored the prokaryote and eukaryote community composition and structure during the granulation of activated sludge for 343 days in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and investigated the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the granule development. Sludge granulation was accomplished with low-wash-out dynamics at long settling times, allowing for the microbial communities to adapt to the SBR environmental conditions. The sludge granulation and associated changes in microbial community structure could be divided into three stages: floccular, intermediate, and granular. The eukaryotic and prokaryotic communities showed parallel successional dynamics, with three main sub-communities identified for each kingdom, dominating in each stage of sludge granulation. Although inter-kingdom interactions were shown to affect community succession during the whole experiment, during granule development random factors like the availability of settlement sites or drift acquired increasing importance. The prokaryotic community was more affected by deterministic factors, including reactor conditions, while the eukaryotic community was to a larger extent shaped by biotic interactions (including inter-kingdom interactions) and stochasticity.","PeriodicalId":19370,"journal":{"name":"npj Biofilms and Microbiomes","volume":"10 1","pages":"109"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11490564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EphA2 blockage ALW-II-41-27 alleviates atherosclerosis by remodeling gut microbiota to regulate bile acid metabolism. EphA2阻断剂ALW-II-41-27通过重塑肠道微生物群来调节胆汁酸代谢，从而缓解动脉粥样硬化。

IF 7.8 1区生物学

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00585-7

Cong Lu, Dan Liu, Qiao Wu, Jie Zeng, Yan Xiong, Tiantian Luo

{"title":"EphA2 blockage ALW-II-41-27 alleviates atherosclerosis by remodeling gut microbiota to regulate bile acid metabolism.","authors":"Cong Lu, Dan Liu, Qiao Wu, Jie Zeng, Yan Xiong, Tiantian Luo","doi":"10.1038/s41522-024-00585-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41522-024-00585-7","url":null,"abstract":"Coronary artery disease (CAD), a critical condition resulting from systemic inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and gut microbiota dysbiosis, poses a global public health challenge. ALW-II-41-27, a specific inhibitor of the EphA2 receptor, has shown anti-inflammatory prosperities. However, the impact of ALW-II-41-27 on atherosclerosis has not been elucidated. This study aimed to examine the roles of pharmacologically inhibiting EphA2 and the underlying mechanism in ameliorating atherosclerosis. ALW-II-41-27 was administered to apoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet via intraperitoneal injection. We first discovered that ALW-II-41-27 led to a significant reduction in atherosclerotic plaques, evidenced by reduced lipid and macrophage accumulation, alongside an increase in collagen and smooth muscle cell content. ALW-II-41-27 also significantly lowered plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels, as well as the colonic inflammation. Furthermore, gut microbiota was analyzed by metagenomics and plasma metabolites by untargeted metabolomics. ALW-II-41-27-treated mice enriched Enterococcus, Akkermansia, Eggerthella and Lactobaccilus, accompanied by enhanced secondary bile acids production. To explore the causal link between ALW-II-41-27-associated gut microbiota and atherosclerosis, fecal microbiota transplantation was employed. Mice that received ALW-II-41-27-treated mouse feces exhibited the attenuated atherosclerotic plaque. In clinical, lower plasma DCA and HDCA levels were determined in CAD patients using quantitative metabolomics and exhibited a negative correlation with higher monocytes EphA2 expression. Our findings underscore the potential of ALW-II-41-27 as a novel therapeutic agent for atherosclerosis, highlighting its capacity to modulate gut microbiota composition and bile acid metabolism, thereby offering a promising avenue for CAD.","PeriodicalId":19370,"journal":{"name":"npj Biofilms and Microbiomes","volume":"10 1","pages":"108"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11490535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Riboflavin for women's health and emerging microbiome strategies. 促进妇女健康的核黄素和新兴微生物群战略。

IF 7.8 1区生物学

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00579-5

Caroline E M K Dricot, Isabel Erreygers, Eline Cauwenberghs, Jocelyn De Paz, Irina Spacova, Veronique Verhoeven, Sarah Ahannach, Sarah Lebeer

{"title":"Riboflavin for women's health and emerging microbiome strategies.","authors":"Caroline E M K Dricot, Isabel Erreygers, Eline Cauwenberghs, Jocelyn De Paz, Irina Spacova, Veronique Verhoeven, Sarah Ahannach, Sarah Lebeer","doi":"10.1038/s41522-024-00579-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-024-00579-5","url":null,"abstract":"Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that serves as a precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). FMN and FAD are coenzymes involved in key enzymatic reactions in energy metabolism, biosynthesis, detoxification and electron scavenging pathways. Riboflavin deficiency is prevalent worldwide and impacts women's health due to riboflavin demands linked to urogenital and reproductive health, hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and breastfeeding. Innovative functional foods and nutraceuticals are increasingly developed to meet women's riboflavin needs to supplement dietary sources. An emerging and particularly promising strategy is the administration of riboflavin-producing lactic acid bacteria, combining the health benefits of riboflavin with those of probiotics and in situ riboflavin production. Specific taxa of lactobacilli are of particular interest for women, because of the crucial role of Lactobacillus species in the vagina and the documented health effects of other Lactobacillaceae taxa in the gut and on the skin. In this narrative review, we synthesize the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical benefits of riboflavin intake for women's health, and evaluate the synergistic potential of riboflavin-producing lactobacilli and other microbiota.","PeriodicalId":19370,"journal":{"name":"npj Biofilms and Microbiomes","volume":"10 1","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11486906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antimicrobial and antibiotic-potentiating effect of calcium peroxide nanoparticles on oral bacterial biofilms. 过氧化钙纳米颗粒对口腔细菌生物膜的抗菌和抗生素增效作用。

IF 7.8 1区生物学

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00569-7

Neha Bankar, Lorenz Latta, Brigitta Loretz, Bashar Reda, Johanna Dudek, Hendrik Hähl, Matthias Hannig, Claus-Michael Lehr

{"title":"Antimicrobial and antibiotic-potentiating effect of calcium peroxide nanoparticles on oral bacterial biofilms.","authors":"Neha Bankar, Lorenz Latta, Brigitta Loretz, Bashar Reda, Johanna Dudek, Hendrik Hähl, Matthias Hannig, Claus-Michael Lehr","doi":"10.1038/s41522-024-00569-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-024-00569-7","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial biofilms represent a prominent biological barrier against physical and chemical attacks. Disturbing the anaerobic microenvironment within biofilms by co-delivery of oxygen appears as a promising strategy to enhance the activity of an antibiotic. Here, we report the effect of oxygen-producing calcium peroxide nanoparticles (CaO2 NP) in combination with tobramycin sulfate (Tob). On Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms in vitro, the additive effect of CaO2 NP towards Tob activity enhanced biofilm eradication by 2 log compared to Tob alone. For natural biofilms grown in the oral cavity of human volunteers in situ, treatment by CaO2 NP alone slightly increased the fraction of dead bacteria from 44% in various controls, including Tob alone, to 57%. However, the combination of CaO2 NP with Tob further increased the fraction of dead bacteria to 69%. These data confirm the intrinsic antimicrobial and antibiotic-potentiating effect of CaO2 NP also in a clinically relevant setting.","PeriodicalId":19370,"journal":{"name":"npj Biofilms and Microbiomes","volume":"10 1","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11480382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A functionally augmented carbohydrate utilization locus from herbivore gut microbiota fueled by dietary β-glucans. 来自食草动物肠道微生物群的功能增强型碳水化合物利用位点，由食物中的β-葡聚糖提供燃料。

IF 7.8 1区生物学

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00578-6

Fernanda Mandelli, Marcele Pandeló Martins, Mariana Chinaglia, Evandro Antonio de Lima, Mariana Abrahão Bueno Morais, Tatiani Brenelli Lima, Lucélia Cabral, Renan Augusto Siqueira Pirolla, Felipe Jun Fuzita, Douglas Antônio Alvaredo Paixão, Maxuel de Oliveira Andrade, Lucia Daniela Wolf, Plinio Salmazo Vieira, Gabriela Felix Persinoti, Mario Tyago Murakami

{"title":"A functionally augmented carbohydrate utilization locus from herbivore gut microbiota fueled by dietary β-glucans.","authors":"Fernanda Mandelli, Marcele Pandeló Martins, Mariana Chinaglia, Evandro Antonio de Lima, Mariana Abrahão Bueno Morais, Tatiani Brenelli Lima, Lucélia Cabral, Renan Augusto Siqueira Pirolla, Felipe Jun Fuzita, Douglas Antônio Alvaredo Paixão, Maxuel de Oliveira Andrade, Lucia Daniela Wolf, Plinio Salmazo Vieira, Gabriela Felix Persinoti, Mario Tyago Murakami","doi":"10.1038/s41522-024-00578-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-024-00578-6","url":null,"abstract":"Gut microbiota members from the Bacteroidota phylum play a pivotal role in mammalian health and metabolism. They thrive in this diverse ecosystem due to their notable ability to cope with distinct recalcitrant dietary glycans via polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). Our study reveals that a PUL from an herbivore gut bacterium belonging to the Bacteroidota phylum, with a gene composition similar to that in the human gut, exhibits extended functionality. While the human gut PUL targets mixed-linkage β-glucans specifically, the herbivore gut PUL also efficiently processes linear and substituted β-1,3-glucans. This gain of function emerges from molecular adaptations in recognition proteins and carbohydrate-active enzymes, including a β-glucosidase specialized for β(1,6)-glucosyl linkages, a typical substitution in β(1,3)-glucans. These findings broaden the existing model for non-cellulosic β-glucans utilization by gut bacteria, revealing an additional layer of functional and evolutionary complexity within the gut microbiota, beyond conventional gene insertions/deletions to intricate biochemical interactions.","PeriodicalId":19370,"journal":{"name":"npj Biofilms and Microbiomes","volume":"10 1","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11471779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gut and oral microbiota in gynecological cancers: interaction, mechanism, and therapeutic value. 妇科癌症中的肠道和口腔微生物群：相互作用、机制和治疗价值。

IF 7.8 1区生物学

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00577-7

Jian Wu, Jiarui Li, Meina Yan, Ze Xiang

引用次数: 0

Secreted nucleases reclaim extracellular DNA during biofilm development. 分泌的核酸酶在生物膜发育过程中回收细胞外 DNA。

IF 7.8 1区生物学

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00575-9

Stephen M Lander, Garth Fisher, Blake A Everett, Peter Tran, Arthur Prindle

引用次数: 0