NPJ Vaccines最新文献

{"title":"Mapping SARS-CoV-2 immunity after an XBB.1.5 booster by antigenic cartography of merged human and hamster sera.","authors":"Marta Bermejo-Jambrina, Antonia Netzl, Ludwig Knabl, Melanie M Schmitt, Annika Rössler, Gagandeep Singh, Seok-Chan Park, Michael Schotsaert, Anna Mykytyn, Bart L Haagmans, Wegene Borena, Derek J Smith, Janine Kimpel","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01516-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01516-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2, particularly the emergence and rapid spread of new immune-evasive variants, continues to challenge the durability of vaccine-induced protection. Understanding how repeated variant exposures shape neutralizing antibody breadth is therefore essential for optimizing booster design. Here, we investigated polyclonal neutralizing antibody responses in individuals who received a bivalent (ancestral + BA.4/5) boost followed by an additional monovalent XBB.1.5 boost, with and without breakthrough infection, against a diverse panel of SARS-CoV-2 variants. To visualize human multi-exposure immunity in antigenic space via antibody landscapes, we extended our existing human sera-based antigenic map with hamster sera infected with more recent variants. The hamster sera allowed us to map BA.2.86 and JN.1 variants, which largely escape human single exposure sera. Our analysis of human multi-exposure sera revealed that the number and type of exposures significantly shaped antibody landscapes. The XBB.1.5 booster immunization notably increased neutralizing antibody titers across variants, elevating the height of the antibody landscape. However, titers against more recent Omicron variants, such as JN.1, were low despite booster administration. These findings highlight the dynamic nature of SARS-CoV-2 immunity and emphasize the need for continuous monitoring and adaptation of vaccine strategies to maintain effective protection against emerging variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148369358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral contraceptive usage among healthcare workers and its impact on COVID-19 booster vaccination immunogenicity.","authors":"Isabell Wagenhäuser, Julia Reusch, Juliane Mees, Lukas B Krone, Isabella Eiter, Thiên-Trí Lâm, Alexandra Schubert-Unkmeir, Carolin Curtaz, Anna Frey, Oliver Kurzai, Stefan Frantz, Sabine Wicker, Achim Wöckel, Nils Petri, Alexander Gabel, Manuel Krone","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01510-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01510-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral contraceptives (OCs) can substantially modulate immune responses; however, their impact on vaccine immunogenicity remains poorly understood. This study investigated OC use patterns and their determinants among healthcare workers (HCWs), and the effects of OCs on humoral and T-cell-mediated immune responses following COVID-19 booster vaccination. From 29 September 2021 to 31 December 2023, 1061 female HCWs aged 18-50 years were enrolled in the CoVacSer study. OC users were compared to non-users. Blood samples combined with a questionnaire were collected before and after third and fourth COVID-19 vaccination including follow-ups. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike IgG levels were measured using SERION ELISA agile SARS-CoV-2 IgG, T-cellular immune response using Oxford Immunotec T-SPOT®.COVID. A linear mixed and a generalised linear model were used to assess the influence of OC on post-vaccination immune response. At study inclusion, 21.7% (230/1061) reported OC use. Younger age, being a physician, and higher BMI were significantly associated with OC. Linear mixed and generalised linear regression models revealed no significant association between reported OC use and humoral and T-cellular immune response before and after COVID-19 vaccination. Although OC are known to modulate immune responses, this study found no statistically significant association between self-reported OC use and humoral or cellular immunogenicity following COVID-19 vaccination. This is among the first studies to address this in the context of COVID-19 booster vaccination. Our findings suggest that in women using OC no specific adjustments to COVID-19 vaccination strategies are required considering OC use. Continued investigation of potential interactions between OC and vaccine- or infection-induced immunity remain warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13328437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148376177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and immunogenicity of concomitant quadrivalent meningococcus ACYW-TT and meningococcus group B vaccines.","authors":"Monica A McArthur, Adam Finn, Lawrence Barnes, Richard Burkimsher, Katrina Cathie, Eva Galiza, Paul Heaton, Nicholas Jacobsen, Stephen Jones, Sian Ludman, Patrick Moore, Clare Murray, Daniel Owens, Alexander Trotman, Ray Borrow, Julie Chaix, Arlette Delgado, Estelle Dubois, Youjun Huang, Olga Syrkina, Betzana Zambrano, Mandeep Singh Dhingra, Christine Rehm","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01508-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01508-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infants are vulnerable to meningococcal disease. In this open-label phase III study (NCT03632720; registered 13/8/2018), infants were randomised to quadrivalent ACWY conjugated vaccine, MenACYW-TT, at 3 and 12-13 months and four-component meningococcus group B vaccine (4CMenB) at 2, 4, and 12-13 months (Group 1), MenACYW-TT at 3 and 12-13 months and 4CMenB at 2 and 4 months (Group 2), or 4CMenB at 2, 4, and 12-13 months (Group 3). Routine vaccines were also administered per UK schedule. Primary outcome of non-inferiority of seroprotection rates against the four capsular groups (A, C, W, and Y) in Group 1 versus Group 2 at day 30 after the second vaccine dose was demonstrated with seroprotection rates ≥99% against all capsular groups in both groups. In Group 3, cross-reactivity was observed, with hSBA titres against capsular groups A and C increasing >10-fold after the third 4CMenB dose. Reactogenicity was consistent with the known profiles of both vaccines; one case of anaphylaxis related to MenACYW-TT was reported and resolved without sequelae. No new safety concerns were identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13687022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148369429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccination induces cross-neutralisation of sarbecoviruses related to SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Grace E West, Rebecca B Morse, Benjamin L Sievers, Adam Abdullahi, Kimia Kamelian, Mark Tsz Kin Cheng, Douglas G Stewart, Divya Diamond, Mazharul Altaf, Lourdes Ceron-Gutierrez, Olga Sokolova, David L Robertson, Spyros Lytras, Rainer Döffinger, Sam J Wilson, Suzannah J Rihn, Ravindra K Gupta","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01469-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01469-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The combined threats of future sarbecovirus zoonosis and continually emerging SARS-CoV-2 VOCs highlight the need to assess the breadth of existing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-mediated protection. Here, we investigate a cohort of older individuals who received four COVID-19 vaccine doses, for potential cross-neutralisation against lentiviral particles bearing spikes from either Omicron VOCs or other sarbecoviruses. Despite recent fourth bivalent mRNA vaccine doses (encoding SARS-CoV-2 Wu-1 and Omicron spikes), neutralisation of Omicron lineage VOCs was reduced compared to Wu-1, consistent with an imprinted immune response. Similarly, particles bearing either SARS-CoV-1 or a SARS-CoV-1-related bat sarbecovirus spike were neutralised less efficiently than Wu-1. Unexpectedly, however, we observed that particles with spikes from two animal SARS-CoV-2-related viruses, BANAL-20-52 from bats and a pangolin CoV, were significantly more sensitive to serum neutralising antibodies than SARS-CoV-2 Wu-1 itself. These surprising findings suggest that vaccine-mediated adaptive immunity may provide efficient cross-neutralisation and potential protection against certain animal sarbecoviruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13324355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148369400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proxy immunization enabling yellow fever vaccination after thymectomy.","authors":"Emilie C Rijnink, Muriel Aguilar-Bretones, Rory D de Vries, Sharon Veenbergen, Daniël G Aynekulu Mersha, Corine H Geurts van Kessel, Marion P G Koopmans, Pieter A van Doorn, Lennert Slobbe, Rik A Brooimans, Gijsbert P van Nierop, Casper Rokx","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01520-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01520-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yellow fever (YF) vaccination is generally contraindicated in individuals with thymic disorders because of the risk of YF vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL‑AVD). As YF transmission expands and global travel increases, protection may still be indicated for selected patients with prior thymectomy. We report a 25‑year‑old woman with childhood thymectomy for acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis, now in long‑term remission without immunosuppression, who required YF prevention. Immune competence was evaluated using monitored orthoflaviviral proxy immunization with the live‑attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine (TAK‑003). She experienced mild reactogenicity and developed dengue‑specific antibodies and T‑cell responses, with preserved B-cell maturation. After confirming orthoflaviviral immune competence, she received YF‑17D‑204 vaccination, which was well tolerated and induced transient viremia, seroconversion, and functional YF‑specific B‑ and T‑cell responses. This case demonstrates the feasibility of an individualized, immune‑guided approach to safely administering YF vaccination after thymectomy and highlights the need for broader clinical confirmation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13683385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-generation mRNA vaccines: strategies to overcome stability challenges.","authors":"Abdullah Algaissi, Sivakumar S Moni","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01502-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01502-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines represent a paradigm shift in rapid vaccine development and pandemic preparedness, enabling unprecedented speed in antigen design and scalable, cell-free manufacturing. Despite proven clinical efficacy, widespread mRNA vaccine deployment remains critically constrained by fundamental molecular instability requiring ultra-cold chain storage. The chemical lability of the RNA phosphodiester backbone, 2'-hydroxyl-mediated transesterification, oxidative nucleobase damage, and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) structural vulnerabilities collectively limit long-term stability and the feasibility of global distribution. This review provides a mechanistic analysis of RNA hydrolysis, oxidative degradation, lipid peroxidation, PEG-lipid desorption, and freeze-thaw-induced nanoparticle aggregation, linking molecular instability to translational challenges in storage and supply chain logistics. We critically evaluate engineering strategies to enhance stability, including optimized LNP architectures, lyophilization with vitrifying excipients, antioxidant incorporation, lipid-polymer hybrid nanocarriers, hydrogel-based depots, self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) constructs. Stability modeling, cold-chain risk analysis, and regulatory Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (CMC) considerations are discussed to contextualize formulation robustness within real-world distribution systems. Advancing mRNA vaccines beyond ultra-cold dependence will require coordinated innovation in RNA engineering, delivery system optimization, and scalable manufacturing to enable thermostable, resilient, and globally deployable vaccine technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148331659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BCG enables protection against malaria through adjuvanting an adenovirus-vectored vaccine.","authors":"Sören Reinke, Marta Ulaszewska, Qi Su, Lee Sims, Romain Guyon, Adam Truby, Gundra Raissar, Jelena S Bezbradica, Joannah R Fergusson, Anita Milicic","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01506-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01506-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BCG vaccination against TB may also reduce malaria incidence through non-specific innate immune activation. We investigated whether giving BCG alongside an adenoviral-vectored malaria vaccine improves protection against malaria in mice. Co-immunisation broadened and strengthened the early innate cytokine responses, enabling strong CD8⁺ T cell-dependent protection. Our findings suggest co-immunisation with BCG and adenoviral vector as a promising strategy to combat both TB and malaria in double-endemic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13654936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148318332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppressor tRNA-mediated conditionally replicating live vaccine effectively protects pigs against Seneca Valley virus challenge.","authors":"Xinghua Chen, Xiangmin Li, Nan Cao, Meiting Li, Linxing Tian, Pan Hu, Jian Du, Lingai Meng, Chao Zhang, Chunwei Li, Zihui Hu, Jinyan Zhang, Ping Qian","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01507-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01507-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seneca Valley virus (SVV) causes porcine idiopathic vesicular disease, severely endangering the economic benefits of the swine industry. Artificial control of viral replication via the introduction of premature termination codons (PTCs) into the viral genome using suppressor tRNAs (sup-tRNAs) is a promising strategy for developing efficient vaccines. In this study, optimization of the SVV 3D gene for the incorporation of multiple PTCs resulted in a progeny virus harboring three PTCs with high replicative capacity and genetic stability. In mouse and pig models, compared with inactivated vaccines, the SVV-PTC vaccination elicited high antibody titers at 14 days post-primary immunization and induced a stronger Th1-biased cellular immune response. We further validated the safety and protective efficacy of the SVV-PTC vaccine candidate in swine models, confirming its complete attenuation in vivo, absence of horizontal transmission, and protective efficacy comparable to that of the commercial inactivated SVV vaccine. In conclusion, the development of live but replication-incompetent attenuated vaccines using sup-tRNA is a promising prevention and control strategy, providing a new insight for the development of novel SVV vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic DC vaccination against the vascular antigen DLK1 effectively treats primary triple-negative breast cancer and prevents metastasis.","authors":"Elizabeth A Daugherity, Caryn Lawrence, Izuchukwu F Okpalanwaka, Tyler Mouw, Dauod Arif, Duke Appiah, Walter J Storkus, Devin B Lowe","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01504-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01504-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite improved treatment options for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) alongside chemotherapy, clinical prognosis for these individuals remains poor with regard to disease recurrence and tumor metastasis. Novel interventional approaches are desperately needed. A promising immunotherapeutic strategy involves the selective targeting of tumor blood vessels to coordinately limit tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we describe the use of a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine to elicit immunity against the conserved tumor blood vessel antigen (TBVA) DLK1, which is upregulated and expressed by abluminal pericytes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of TNBC patients. Our results demonstrate the ability of therapeutic DC vaccination to safely provoke anti-angiogenic T cell activation and recruitment into the TME, resulting in significant reduction in primary and metastatic tumor burden in translational TNBC mouse models when co-administered with anti-PD1 ICB. Interestingly, vaccines targeting DLK1 also promote spreading of polyclonal T cell responses against TNBC antigens that likely fortified tumor control in treated mice. These findings support the anti-tumor efficacy of DC-based vaccines targeting DLK1 and the translation of this approach as a novel treatment strategy for patients with TNBC.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rotavirus mucosal immunology: insights and research priorities from an international convening in Liverpool, March 2024.","authors":"Christina Bronowski, Chikondi A Mwendera, Carl D Kirkwood, A Duncan Steele, Michelle J Groome, Khuzwayo C Jere","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01505-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01505-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13282379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148283991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}