NPJ Vaccines最新文献

{"title":"A scoping review on the importance of vaccination strategies targeting skin imprinting for arthropod-borne diseases.","authors":"Janne Wouters, Aliana Saenz de la Torre Leal, Wim Adriaensen","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01189-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-025-01189-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue-resident memory T (T_RM) cells in the skin play a critical role in early immune defense against pathogens entering via breaches such as arthropod bites. However, their specific induction through immunization strategies remains underexplored. We performed a scoping review following PRISMA guidelines to assess vaccination strategies capable of inducing skin T_RM cells. Intradermal and skin scarification routes consistently induced skin T_RM cells with 94-100% success rates, while viral vector, DNA-based, and live-attenuated vaccines were the most effective platforms, particularly when combined with adjuvants promoting local inflammation. CD69 and CD103 were the most frequently employed markers, despite significant methodological heterogeneity. Vaccine-induced T_RM cells were shown to disseminate throughout the skin and confer durable protection, independent of circulating T cells. However, evidence is largely restricted to preclinical studies, underscoring the need for standardization of T_RM cell identification and expanded human studies to translate these findings into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"137"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12215398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new attenuated and highly immunogenic orthopoxvirus vaccine protects against mpox in mice and macaques.","authors":"Fengwen Xu, Yu Huang, Yongzhi Hou, Yu Xie, Baoying Huang, Fei Zhao, Zhao Gao, Chen Chen, Jiaxun Wang, Shan Mei, Yamei Hu, Liming Wang, Liang Wei, Jingjing Zhang, Na Li, Zhe Cong, Jianrong Ma, Lin Zhu, Ting Chen, Jiahan Lu, Qiang Wei, Wenjie Tan, Jing Xue, Fei Guo","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01193-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-025-01193-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shortly after 2022, mpox again becomes a public health emergency of international concern as declared by the World Health Organization on August 14, 2024. Smallpox vaccines ACAM2000 and MVA-BN were approved for mpox prevention in several countries. However, the side effects of ACAM2000 and the limited supply of MVA call for the development of new mpox vaccines to prevent mpox and other orthopoxvirus infections. In this study, we engineered a new generation of attenuated and highly immunogenic vaccinia virus named dBTF based on the vaccinia Tiantan strain which is a replication-competent smallpox vaccine widely used in China. The dBTF vaccinia virus is impaired in replication and low in virulence, induces strong vaccinia virus-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Importantly, single dose of dBTF vaccination effectively protects mice and cynomolgus macaques from mpox virus challenge. These results support the development of dBTF into a new generation of mpox and orthopoxvirus vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"134"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12214906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systems vaccinology identifies immunological correlates of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in solid organ transplant recipients.","authors":"Nicolas Gemander, Julika Neumann, Rafael Veiga, Isabelle Etienne, Teresa Prezzemolo, Delphine Kemlin, Pieter Pannus, Stéphanie Depickère, Véronique Olislagers, Inès Vu Duc, Alexandra Waegemans, Margaux Gerbaux, Leoni Bücken, Hafid Dahma, Charlotte Martin, Nicolas Dauby, Maria E Goossens, Isabelle Desombere, Carlos P Roca, Mathijs Willemsen, Stanislas Goriely, Alain Le Moine, Arnaud Marchant, Adrian Liston, Stephanie Humblet-Baron","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01182-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-025-01182-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at enhanced risk of infection and to poorly respond to vaccination due to comorbidities and immunosuppression. We performed a systems vaccinology study in 59 kidney and 31 lung transplant recipients who received 3 doses of COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine. We were able to characterize a baseline configuration associated with an effective humoral response to 3 doses, characterized by an innate and activated B cell profile, whereas a T cell signature was associated with a poorer response. We observed a distinct configuration associated with a detectable humoral response to 2 doses, partly mediated by double negative B cell subsets. These results suggest that, despite their immunosuppression, some SOT recipients can induce an effective humoral response to 3 doses of vaccine supported by a baseline configuration close to the healthy phenotype. Baseline immune phenotyping may help identify SOT recipients at the greatest risk of a poor vaccine response.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"140"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12215688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-associated defect in ADCC response to COVID-19 vaccine.","authors":"Benjamin L Sievers, Mazharul Altaf, Mark T K Cheng, Kimia Kamelian, Claire Cormie, Rainer Doffinger, Ravindra K Gupta","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01196-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-025-01196-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated age-associated effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in elderly individuals (n = 50, mean age 79) after six SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses. While neutralization titers remained comparable across age groups, Fc-mediated effector functions declined with age. Individuals >80 demonstrated reduced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), via a surrogate ADCC-signaling assay, correlating with diminished IgG1 binding. These findings highlight age-related impairments in Fc-mediated responses, with implications for immune protection and vaccine strategies in older populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12217920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modular assembly and immunological evaluation of a promising bioconjugate nanovaccine against Klebsiella pneumoniae O2 serotype.","authors":"Peng Sun, Chao Pan, Huifang Xu, Bo Liu, Jingqin Ye, Kangfeng Wang, Yan Zhang, Ting Li, Li Zhu, Yating Wang, Hengliang Wang, Jun Wu","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01187-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-025-01187-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) poses an enormous threat to human health, with O2 serotypes accounting for up to 35-59% of infections. Although the O-polysaccharide (OPS) of the Kp O2 serotype can be used as an antigen target for vaccine preparation, its simple structure (only galactose repeats) makes it difficult to generate effective antibody responses and protection. Here, we prepared a novel Kp O2 OPS bioconjugate nanovaccine using protein glycan coupling technology (PGCT) and a SpyCatcher/SpyTag (SC/ST) orthogonal assembly system. The hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBc), which can assemble into nanoparticles, was used as a carrier to display OPS on its surface, allowing the bioconjugate to reach the nanoscale. The HBc-OPS exhibited attractive stability without aggregation or degradation for up to 10 months. A series of mouse experiments revealed the OPS-specific antibody activation ability of HBc-OPS and its protective effect against different infection doses. In particular, when coadministered with the AS03 adjuvant, all the mice were protected from higher doses of lethal attacks. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we found that the addition of AS03 further promoted the humoral immune response by stimulating increased levels of cytokines and T follicular helper (Tfh), germinal center B (GC B), and antigen-specific memory B cells. Moreover, we found that the use of AS03 as an adjuvant can provide a better protective effect than commonly used CpG-based adjuvants. Therefore, we have developed an attractive, stable, and effective bioconjugate nanovaccine against the Klebsiella pneumoniae O2 serotype. This bioconjugate nanovaccine design greatly potentiated the immunogenicity of polysaccharides, and the orthogonal modular assembly strategy reduced the technical difficulty of bioconjugate nanovaccine preparation, both of which could be applicable to the development of OPS conjugate vaccines for serotypes with low immunogenicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"138"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12216429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a broad-spectrum subunit vaccine against H9N2 avian influenza using HA stem domain scaffold and snoopligase system.","authors":"Keji Quan, Nan Zhang, Mengqi Lin, Yuan Liu, Yue Li, Qun Hu, Maoshun Nie, Tao Qin, Sujuan Chen, Daxin Peng, Xiufan Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01191-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-025-01191-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) is a globally prevalent pathogen that causes economic losses in poultry and poses zoonotic threats. Due to antigenic drift and shift, traditional inactivated vaccines often show reduced efficacy. This study presents a novel subunit vaccine based on a conserved HA6 scaffold derived from the hemagglutinin stem domain and coupled with a fusion peptide epitope (fPE) via Snoopligase-mediated ligation. The HA6 protein was validated by its binding to the broad-spectrum antibody CR6261, and the fPE-HA6 fusion construct incorporated T- and B-cell epitopes. Immunization trials in a chicken demonstrated that fPE-HA6 induced stronger humoral and cellular immune responses than individual immunogens. Upon challenge with H9N2 strains YZ4 and SN, the fusion vaccine significantly reduced viral shedding, demonstrating broad-spectrum protection. These findings highlight the potential of HA6 as a modular scaffold for influenza vaccines and the utility of Snoopligase technology in developing broadly protective immunogens against antigenically variable viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"136"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12217984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower risk of dementia with AS01-adjuvanted vaccination against shingles and respiratory syncytial virus infections.","authors":"Maxime Taquet, John A Todd, Paul J Harrison","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01172-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-025-01172-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AS01-adjuvanted shingles (herpes zoster) vaccination is associated with a lower risk of dementia, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In propensity-score matched cohort studies with 436,788 individuals, both the AS01-adjuvanted shingles and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines, individually or combined, were associated with reduced 18-month risk of dementia. No difference was observed between the two AS01-adjuvanted vaccines, suggesting that the AS01 adjuvant itself plays a direct role in lowering dementia risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"130"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12198376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of live attenuated PEDV vaccines for neonatal protection.","authors":"Wentao Li, Basav N Hangalapura, Paul van den Elzen, Erwin van den Born, Frank J M van Kuppeveld, Peter J M Rottier, Berend-Jan Bosch","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01195-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-025-01195-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe diarrheal disease with high mortality in neonatal piglets. To protect suckling piglets, maternal vaccination strategies that induce lactogenic immunity in sows are crucial. To develop modified live vaccine candidates, we generated recombinant viruses with genome alterations such as deletion of the ORF3 accessory gene (ΔORF3), deletion of the N-terminal sialic acid binding domain of the spike glycoprotein (S^ΔN), and rearrangement of the spike, envelope, matrix and nucleocapsid genes (SEMN → ESMN) in the viral genome. These recombinant PEDVs were evaluated for their safety, virulence and immunogenicity in neonatal piglets. Piglets infected with the parental virus exhibited severe diarrhea and high mortality. Deletion of ORF3 alone did not attenuate the virus. Additional rearrangement of the gene order reduced virulence: rPEDV-ΔORF3-ESMN infection caused moderate diarrhea with a 50% mortality rate. The S^ΔN recombinant viruses, particularly when combined with other genome alterations, showed significantly reduced virulence, causing mild diarrhea and no mortality. These attenuated viruses retained their replicative ability in the gut and induced humoral immune responses (IgA and IgG). The rPEDV-SΔN vaccine candidate, selected for its favorable safety and immunogenicity profile, was tested in a pregnant sow vaccination and offspring challenge study for its ability to induce lactogenic immunity and confer protection to the offspring. Despite strong IgG responses, sow vaccination with rPEDV-S^ΔN resulted in low IgA serum levels and failed to protect piglets from virulent PEDV challenge. Our study defines key virulence factors for PEDV and illustrates the challenge of developing a live-attenuated vaccine that balances safety in neonatal piglets with sufficient replicative capacity in sows to stimulate lactogenic protective immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"131"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A centralised immunogen approach to develop a more broadly protective modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 vaccine candidate.","authors":"Rory C F de Brito, Yashar Sadigh, Joseph Bowman, Stephanie Clive, Ben Jackson, Miriam Pedrera, Fraser Crofts, Matthieu Bernard, Fabian Z X Lean, Alejandro Núñez, Julian Seago, Jean-Pierre Frossard, Simon P Graham","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01192-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-025-01192-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>More efficacious vaccines are required to improve control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSV). One strategy that has shown promise is the use of centralized antigens, generated from consensus sequence data. Here, we evaluated the consensus sequence approach to develop a PRRSV-1 modified live virus (MLV) vaccine candidate, 'EU-PRRSV-Con'. EU-PRRSV-Con strain was engineered by inserting consensus sequence open-reading frames encoding envelope proteins of 67 PRRSV-1 strains into an attenuated PRRSV-1 strain backbone. EU-PRRSV-Con was evaluated in pigs and benchmarked against a licensed MLV vaccine. Efficacy was assessed against three different PRRSV-1 isolates. Neutralizing antibodies were elicited by EU-PRRSV-Con, which were more reactive than those induced by the licensed MLV. EU-PRRSV-Con provided better levels of protection (reduced viral loads and lung pathology) than the licensed MLV, although the efficacy against a divergent PRRSV-1 subtype 3 strain was more limited. These data support the development of EU-PRRSV-Con as a vaccine that may aid control of PRRSV-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"129"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12182563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling gonorrhea vaccination to find optimal targeting strategies that balance impact with cost-effectiveness.","authors":"Trystan Leng, Lilith K Whittles, Dariya Nikitin, Peter J White","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01159-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-025-01159-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccination for UK men who have sex with men (MSM) at increased gonorrhea risk has been advised, but not yet implemented. Effective targeting is essential for cost-effectiveness, but previously-examined approaches have disadvantages: Vaccination-on-Diagnosis has low coverage (limiting impact), and Vaccination-according-to-Risk requires asking about sexual behavior to identify at-risk individuals, which is not always feasible. We developed a transmission-dynamic model to evaluate novel strategies offering vaccination based on information readily available to clinicians (diagnostic/vaccination history, if the patient is seeking care due to partner notification). Offering vaccination to MSM who are notified partners of gonorrhea cases or were diagnosed themselves in the past 2 years averts 1.6x more cases and is more cost-effective than Vaccination-on-Diagnosis. If vaccination provides 20% protection for 1.5 years after primary vaccination and 3 years after revaccination then at £18/dose administered, all considered strategies have ≥50 and ≥90% probabilities of positive net monetary benefit compared with no vaccination with a quality-adjusted life year valued at £20,000 and £30,000 respectively, thus meeting the UK criteria for cost-effectiveness. All novel strategies considered achieve greater impact than Vaccination-on-Diagnosis without the feasibility issues of Vaccination-according-to-Risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"128"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12182581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}