NPJ Vaccines最新文献

{"title":"A staged clinical development and evidence-generation framework for Group A Streptococcus vaccines.","authors":"Alberto Cagigi, Annette Kraus, T Anh Wartel, Andrew Steer, Jonathan Carapetis, Alma Fulurija, Jerome H Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01607-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01607-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Group A Streptococcus (Strep A) causes substantial global morbidity and mortality, yet vaccine development faces scientific, regulatory, and strategic challenges. We propose a platform-agnostic, staged clinical development and evidence-generation framework aligning trial feasibility with public health priorities. Laboratory-confirmed symptomatic pharyngitis could provide a feasible pivotal efficacy endpoint for initial licensure, subject to regulatory agreement. Complementary efficacy, effectiveness, and implementation studies could then generate evidence across diverse populations and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The smallpox ghost in Voltaire's life: inoculation and the origins of vaccine acceptance.","authors":"José Tuells, Stanley A Plotkin","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01596-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-026-01596-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smallpox shaped eighteenth-century debates on risk, trust, and prevention. Voltaire, marked by the disease throughout his life-the \"smallpox ghost\"-emerged as a prominent advocate of smallpox inoculation (variolation), a preventive practice that preceded Jennerian vaccination by several decades. Through his writings, he framed the practice as a conflict between empirical reasoning and social resistance. This Perspective examines his role in the early acceptance of preventive medicine and highlights its relevance for understanding contemporary challenges in vaccine acceptance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13631265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host cell entry and neutralisation sensitivity of H3N2 influenza A virus subclade K.","authors":"Nicole Moor, Nianzhen Chen, Georg M N Behrens, Lu Zhang, Anna-Sophie Moldenhauer, Michael Winkler, Christine Happle, Sandra Steffens, Metodi V Stankov, Karsten Lürken, Stefan Pöhlmann, Markus Hoffmann","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01573-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01573-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2025, a mutated H3N2 lineage, subclade K, emerged, showing high activity in many regions. Mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) may affect cell entry and antibody-mediated neutralisation. Using pseudovirus particles, we show that subclade K-HA drives augmented entry into certain cell lines and displays significant antibody evasion. Both phenotypes were linked to mutation A186D. Influenza vaccination significantly boosted H3N2 subclade K neutralisation, suggesting that current vaccines may provide considerable protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13545212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine preparedness for Bundibugyo virus and lessons learned.","authors":"Michel Pletschette, Nadine Biedenkopf","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01569-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01569-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148796018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine acceptance in a future pandemic after COVID-19 and its decision drivers in Japan.","authors":"Junna Kawasaki, Masakaze Hamada, Masaki Machida, Ryo Komorizono, Mie Kobayashi-Ishihara, Naoko Fujita, Takahiro Tabuchi, Yuki Furuse","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01561-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01561-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccine hesitancy has long been recognized as a global health concern and has become an even greater challenge during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Although extensive research has examined hesitancy toward COVID-19, how the general population would respond to vaccination in a future pandemic remains unclear. Furthermore, little is known about the conditions that may reduce hesitancy. In this study, we conducted a nationwide internet survey in Japan in 2024-2025 involving 28,000 participants to assess vaccination intentions in a hypothetical future pandemic, identify factors associated with vaccine hesitancy, and examine conditions that may increase willingness to be vaccinated. We analyzed associations between individual characteristics and vaccination intention using logistic regression and explored heterogeneity in prioritized factors to determine vaccination intention using unsupervised clustering analysis. We found that only 53.1% of respondents reported intending to be vaccinated in a future pandemic-a marked decline from observed COVID-19 vaccination coverage. Notably, 35.8% of individuals who were vaccinated during the COVID-19 pandemic expressed hesitancy. Vaccination intention was lower among adults aged 20-40 years, women, individuals with lower income or educational attainment, and those endorsing misinformation or conspiracy statements. Cluster analysis identified eight distinct groups with heterogeneous priority structures. Free vaccination and evidence from clinical trials were prioritized across all clusters, whereas the prioritization of trust in authorities, social influence, domestic vaccine production, and convenience varied substantially across clusters. Public intentions to vaccinate in a future pandemic are shaped by diverse perspectives and values. Tailored strategies and risk communication approaches that address these heterogeneous concerns may be critical to strengthening preparedness for future pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paratuberculosis vaccination induces a phenotype consistent with trained immunity in bovine neutrophils.","authors":"M Mugica-Unamuno, E Molina, M Oyanguren, P Mendívil, M Fernández, M V Geijo, R Arrazuria, J M Garrido, N Elguezabal","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01556-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01556-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccination decreases bacterial shedding and reduces the incidence and severity of infection by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), the causative agent of paratuberculosis (PTB), a chronic granulomatous enteritis that economically impacts the dairy industry. An inactivated Map vaccine exhibits features suggestive of trained immunity in cattle, along with enhanced neutrophil (PMN) activation in rabbits. Although PMNs from healthy cattle exhibit antimicrobial effects against Map, the impact of vaccination on bovine PMN function remains undetermined. This study has further explored the mechanisms of trained immunity mediated by PMNs elicited by this vaccine in calves. PMN mediated phagocytosis, ROS production and NET release showed a significant increase in vaccinated calves upon stimulation in ex vivo assays. Furthermore, PMNs from vaccinated animals exhibited decreased motility that was partially restored upon ex vivo stimulation with Map. Upregulation of phagocytosis receptors such as TREM2 and PBDL1, genes related to NETosis TREM2, LYZ and F13A1 and downregulation of genes involved in chemotaxis, adhesion, and motility in vaccinated animals support these findings. Altogether, the data indicate that this inactivated Map vaccine induces changes consistent with trained immunity in calves.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13594100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-antigen coronavirus vaccine induces potent and durable cross-protection against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants.","authors":"Swayam Prakash, Nisha R Dhanushkodi, Afshana Quadiri, Hawa Vahed, Aziz A Chentoufi, Pierre-Gregoire Coulon, Izabela Coimbra Ibraim, Assia El Babsiri, Delia F Tifrea, Cesar J Figueroa, Daniel Gil, Jeffrey B Ulmer, Lbachir BenMohamed","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01549-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01549-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The first-generation Spike-based COVID-19 vaccines reduced the risk of hospitalization, serious illness, and death from SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, waning immunity failed to prevent immune escape, resulting in multiple variants of concern (VOCs) and prolonging the pandemic. We hypothesize that next-generation CoV vaccines incorporating highly conserved SARS-CoV-2 T cell antigens would confer potent, broad, long-lasting cross-protective immunity against multiple VOCs. In this study, we identified 10 non-Spike antigens common and highly conserved across 8.7 million SARS-CoV-2 strains, prior VOCs, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, seasonal human cold CoVs, and animal CoVs. Seven antigens were preferentially recognized by CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells from unvaccinated asymptomatic COVID-19 patients, irrespective of VOC. Three conserved antigens (NSP2, NSP14, Nucleoprotein) administered to golden Syrian hamsters: (i) induced high frequencies of lung-resident polyfunctional CXCR5⁺CD4⁺ T_FH cells, GzmB⁺CD4⁺/CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells, and CD69⁺IFN-γ⁺TNFα⁺CD4⁺/CD8⁺ effector T cells; (ii) reduced morbidity, viral load, lung pathology, and COVID-19-like symptoms from various VOCs, including the pathogenic B.1.617.2 Delta and the recent KP.3 Omicron variants; (iii) improved protection conferred by spike-alone mRNA; and (iv) conferred protection that lasted for more than 1 year. This multi-antigen CoV vaccine could provide potent, broad-spectrum, and durable cross-protective immunity against current and future variants of concern in the clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13638991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccinology in the twenty-first century revisited.","authors":"Alan D T Barrett, Richard E Rupp, Richard W Titball, Veronika von Messling","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01552-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-026-01552-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Report from the inaugural 2025 Asia-UK Maternal-Neonatal Infection and Immunity Network (AMMuNet) symposium.","authors":"Suraj Bhattarai, Pritha Adhikari, Kalpana Subedi, Anjila Ghimire, Simon B Drysdale, Kirsty Le Doare, Gaurav Kwatra, Paul T Heath","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01541-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-026-01541-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific synergy between prophylactic and therapeutic HIV vaccines-prevention and cure.","authors":"Milton Maciel, Lindsey R Baden, Katharine J Bar, Thomas Calder, Angela Malaspina, Maurine D Miner, Stuart Z Shapiro, M Patricia D'Souza","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01538-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01538-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13407879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148605807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}