NPJ Vaccines最新文献

{"title":"Host cell entry and neutralisation sensitivity of H3N2 influenza A virus subclade K.","authors":"Nicole Moor, Nianzhen Chen, Georg M N Behrens, Lu Zhang, Anna-Sophie Moldenhauer, Michael Winkler, Christine Happle, Sandra Steffens, Metodi V Stankov, Karsten Lürken, Stefan Pöhlmann, Markus Hoffmann","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01573-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-026-01573-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2025, a mutated H3N2 lineage, subclade K, emerged, showing high activity in many regions. Mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) may affect cell entry and antibody-mediated neutralisation. Using pseudovirus particles, we show that subclade K-HA drives augmented entry into certain cell lines and displays significant antibody evasion. Both phenotypes were linked to mutation A186D. Influenza vaccination significantly boosted H3N2 subclade K neutralisation, suggesting that current vaccines may provide considerable protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine preparedness for Bundibugyo virus and lessons learned.","authors":"Michel Pletschette, Nadine Biedenkopf","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01569-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01569-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148796018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine acceptance in a future pandemic after COVID-19 and its decision drivers in Japan.","authors":"Junna Kawasaki, Masakaze Hamada, Masaki Machida, Ryo Komorizono, Mie Kobayashi-Ishihara, Naoko Fujita, Takahiro Tabuchi, Yuki Furuse","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01561-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01561-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccine hesitancy has long been recognized as a global health concern and has become an even greater challenge during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Although extensive research has examined hesitancy toward COVID-19, how the general population would respond to vaccination in a future pandemic remains unclear. Furthermore, little is known about the conditions that may reduce hesitancy. In this study, we conducted a nationwide internet survey in Japan in 2024-2025 involving 28,000 participants to assess vaccination intentions in a hypothetical future pandemic, identify factors associated with vaccine hesitancy, and examine conditions that may increase willingness to be vaccinated. We analyzed associations between individual characteristics and vaccination intention using logistic regression and explored heterogeneity in prioritized factors to determine vaccination intention using unsupervised clustering analysis. We found that only 53.1% of respondents reported intending to be vaccinated in a future pandemic-a marked decline from observed COVID-19 vaccination coverage. Notably, 35.8% of individuals who were vaccinated during the COVID-19 pandemic expressed hesitancy. Vaccination intention was lower among adults aged 20-40 years, women, individuals with lower income or educational attainment, and those endorsing misinformation or conspiracy statements. Cluster analysis identified eight distinct groups with heterogeneous priority structures. Free vaccination and evidence from clinical trials were prioritized across all clusters, whereas the prioritization of trust in authorities, social influence, domestic vaccine production, and convenience varied substantially across clusters. Public intentions to vaccinate in a future pandemic are shaped by diverse perspectives and values. Tailored strategies and risk communication approaches that address these heterogeneous concerns may be critical to strengthening preparedness for future pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccinology in the twenty-first century revisited.","authors":"Alan D T Barrett, Richard E Rupp, Richard W Titball, Veronika von Messling","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01552-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-026-01552-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Report from the inaugural 2025 Asia-UK Maternal-Neonatal Infection and Immunity Network (AMMuNet) symposium.","authors":"Suraj Bhattarai, Pritha Adhikari, Kalpana Subedi, Anjila Ghimire, Simon B Drysdale, Kirsty Le Doare, Gaurav Kwatra, Paul T Heath","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01541-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-026-01541-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific synergy between prophylactic and therapeutic HIV vaccines-prevention and cure.","authors":"Milton Maciel, Lindsey R Baden, Katharine J Bar, Thomas Calder, Angela Malaspina, Maurine D Miner, Stuart Z Shapiro, M Patricia D'Souza","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01538-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-026-01538-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13407879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148605807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fraction of viable virus particles in live varicella vaccine influences the profile of immune response.","authors":"Xuhua Duan, Zhuowei Shi, Yuchan Zhang, Yuanyuan Cai, Qin Zhou, Hong Shao, Yunjiao He, Gang Chen, Changgui Li, Chao Qiu, Xuanyi Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01531-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-026-01531-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compared with inactivated vaccines, live attenuated vaccines can theoretically induce potent cellular and humoral responses through both exogenous and endogenous antigen-presentation pathways. However, the percentage of live virus particles in the final vaccine products can vary between manufacturers, potentially due to variations in production processes such as lysis and purification. Whether the live-to-dead viral particles ratio influences the resulting immune response pattern remains unclear. To address this question, we formulated varicella vaccines (VarV) mimicking high-viability and low-viability compositions and systematically analyzed the immune response they induced in mice. Surprisingly, the percentage of viable viral particles in VarV products appears to modulate immune polarization. Higher viability tended to be associated with stronger Th1-oriented cellular responses and more robust humoral immunity, contributing to an overall immune profile resembling that induced by endogenous antigen presentation. This finding supports incorporating virus viability into VarV quality control, in addition to conventional viral titers, to optimize vaccine-induced cellular immunity and long-term protection against VZV reactivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preserved SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses despite impaired humoral immunity in children with profound B-cell lymphopenia.","authors":"Sabryna Nantel, Samuel Sassine, Benoîte Bourdin, Margot Barbosa Da Torre, Gabrielle Sutton, Henintsoa Rabezanahary, Freda Qi, Lesley A Ward, Melanie Delgado-Brand, Kelsey Adams, Salma Sheikh-Mohamed, Louise Wang, Sylvie Nicholson, Zineb Laghdir, Karen Colwill, Gary Chao, Laurie Seifried, Ying Liu, James M Rini, Jennifer Gommerman, Anne-Claude Gingras, Mariana Baz, Kate Zinzser, Caroline Quach, Hélène Decaluwe","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01525-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-026-01525-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Defining vaccine-induced protection in children with humoral immunodeficiency is essential to guide SARS-CoV-2 vaccination strategies in this high-risk population. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 immunity at 1, 6 and 12 months after a primary Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine series in 27 children aged 5-11 years with primary or secondary antibody deficiencies and 48 matched healthy controls. Functional T-cell responses were quantified by IFN-γ and IL-2 ELISpot, and SARS-CoV-2-specific B-cells and T-cells were assessed by spectral cytometry. Systemic and mucosal antibody responses were measured in serum and saliva, and neutralizing activity against ancestral and Omicron BA.5 strains was evaluated through microneutralization. Children with humoral immunodeficiency exhibited impaired systemic antibody responses after two mRNA doses, even after SARS-CoV-2 infection. A third dose improved humoral immunity in children with preserved B-cell compartments but did not rescue neutralizing antibody responses in those with severe B-cell lymphopenia. In contrast, preserved, polyfunctional SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses were observed in children with humoral immunodeficiency, including those with severe B-cell lymphopenia, and were higher in asymptomatic immunocompromised children. These findings reveal a dissociation between humoral failure and preserved cellular immunity in B-cell-deficient children, supporting timely vaccination and integration of T-cell responses into vaccine-response assessment when neutralizing antibodies are absent.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148536442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiorgan Outcomes Following BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination vs SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A 30-Million-Person Real-World Cohort Analysis.","authors":"Eman A Toraih, Dara Bruce, Mohammad H Hussein, Hani Aiash, Stephen J Thomas","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01528-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-026-01528-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SARS-CoV-2 infection and BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination carry distinct cardiovascular risk profiles, yet direct comparative evidence across all immunological exposure groups and both sexes remains limited. Using the TriNetX Research Network (December 2020-December 2024), we stratified 30.3 million individuals into four mutually exclusive cohorts: uninfected/unvaccinated controls (G1), infected/unvaccinated (G2), vaccinated-only (G3), and hybrid immunity (G4). Fifty prespecified cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and mortality outcomes were evaluated across four temporal windows (0-3, 3-6, 6-9, and >9 months) with analyses stratified by biological sex. SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with 3- to 5-fold increases in cardiovascular events during the acute phase, including myocarditis (males: RR 4.44; females: RR 5.59) and all-cause mortality (males: RR 4.53), with risks persisting beyond nine months. BNT162b2 vaccination conferred 65-76% reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events (0-3 months). Post-infection vaccination (hybrid immunity) provided an additional 36-38% MACE reduction; males exhibited late pericarditis elevation beyond nine months. Completing the two-dose primary series maximally reduced mortality (by 77%) and myocarditis (by 62%) versus single dosing. In this US cohort, SARS-CoV-2 infection confers substantially greater and more sustained cardiovascular risk than BNT162b2 vaccination across all comparisons and both sexes, consistent with a favorable cardiovascular risk-benefit profile for vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148520635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell technologies in mRNA cancer vaccines.","authors":"Ekaterina V Ovcharenko, Marina R Patysheva, Kirill M Kirilenko, Arina A Ibragimova, Evgeny V Denisov","doi":"10.1038/s41541-026-01529-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-026-01529-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fast evolution of mRNA-based cancer therapeutics requires advanced frameworks to overcome the challenges of tumor heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment. In this context, single-cell technologies enable characterization of immune cell subsets, intercellular communication, and therapy resistance drivers. The shift to single-cell profiling provides a transition toward the development of precision mRNA treatments tailored to the unique dynamics of an individual tumor.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148497739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}