NPJ Vaccines最新文献

{"title":"Preserved efficacy of lyophilized SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine incorporating novel ionizable lipids after one year at 25 °C.","authors":"Elena Mata, Esther Broset, Carlos Matute, Andrei Stoian, Susana Adame, Teresa Alejo, Alexandre López, Beatriz Andrés, Juan Heredero, Diego de Miguel, Javier Giménez-Warren, Verónica Lampaya, Diego Casabona, Alba Calvo, Gema Quincoces, Iván Peñuelas, Carlos Gamazo, Iratxe Uranga, Natacha Peña, Maykel Arias, Julián Pardo, Bernardino Moreno, Juan Badiola, Juan Martínez-Oliván, Esther Pérez-Herrán","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01201-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01201-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>mRNA vaccines have shown great efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, yet challenges remain in optimizing vaccine components to achieve enhanced immune response and vaccine stability. In this study, we developed CPVax-CoV, a new lyophilized mRNA vaccine that features novel thiolactone-based ionizable lipids and newly designed untranslated regions (UTRs) for enhanced expression. Incorporation of these optimized components into our vaccine candidate CPVax-CoV significantly improved immune responses in mice compared to commercially available mRNA vaccines. Moreover, lyophilized CPVax-CoV has proven to be thermostable, maintaining its biological activity for up to one year at 4 °C and 25 °C after lyophilization, overcoming the cold-chain limitations of current mRNA vaccines. This vaccine demonstrates protective efficacy against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and the Omicron XBB variant, offering a scalable solution for global distribution and pandemic preparedness. These findings underscore the potential of this platform for future next-generation mRNA vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"135"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-dose intranasal adenovirus-based RSV vaccines targeting G and M2.","authors":"Eunju Jang, Serin Lee, Jiyu Han, Jun Chang","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01186-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01186-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have developed adenovector-based vaccines targeting G and M2 protein of respiratory syncytial virus. Single intranasal vaccination induced robust G protein-specific IgG and IgA responses, as well as M2-specific CD8⁺ T-cell immunity, and provided protection against RSV A and B infection. These findings suggest that this vaccine combination holds promising potential for effective RSV prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"139"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination against COVID-19 and Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19 Infection and Stroke.","authors":"Nader El Seblani, Maria P Gorenflo, Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez, Raymond K Reichwein, Rong Xu, Nandakumar Nagaraja","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01158-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01158-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to determine the clinical impact of prior vaccination against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on COVID-19 infection associated acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Using the TriNetX COVID-19 Research Network, an international electronic health record database, we identified AIS cases admitted between April 1, 2021 and September 30, 2022 that had a COVID-19 diagnosis up to 30 days before hospitalization. The study cohort was divided into two groups: those with and without vaccination against COVID-19. The two groups were matched for demographics, comorbidities, and antithrombotics taken before AIS with 1:1 propensity score matching. Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to report primary (all-cause mortality) and secondary outcomes at 7 and 30 days after AIS. We identified 3,573 vaccinated (71 ± 12 (mean ± SD) years, 49% females) and 46,329 unvaccinated patients (65 ± 15 years, 45% females) who met the study criteria. After propensity score matching, 3,569 patients were in both groups. Vaccinated individuals had significantly lower rates of all-cause mortality [7 days: 3.3% vs 5.0%; HR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.52-0.83 and 30 days: 8.2% vs 9.5%; HR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.71-0.97], intracranial hemorrhage [7 days: 4.1% vs 6.2%; HR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.53-0.82 and 30 days: 4.5% vs 6.7%; HR = 0.66; 95%CI = 0.53-0.81], venous thromboembolism [7 days: 3.5% vs 7.8%; HR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.35-0.56 and 30-days: 4.6% vs 8.9%; HR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.41-0.63] and acute myocardial infarction [7 days: 4.1% vs 7.0%; HR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.46-0.73 and 30 days: 4.7% vs 7.6%; HR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.49-0.75)]. Prior vaccination against COVID-19 is associated with reduced rates of all-cause mortality, intracranial hemorrhage, venous thromboembolism, and acute myocardial infarction within 30 days of COVID-19 associated AIS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"133"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review on the importance of vaccination strategies targeting skin imprinting for arthropod-borne diseases.","authors":"Janne Wouters, Aliana Saenz de la Torre Leal, Wim Adriaensen","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01189-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01189-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue-resident memory T (T_RM) cells in the skin play a critical role in early immune defense against pathogens entering via breaches such as arthropod bites. However, their specific induction through immunization strategies remains underexplored. We performed a scoping review following PRISMA guidelines to assess vaccination strategies capable of inducing skin T_RM cells. Intradermal and skin scarification routes consistently induced skin T_RM cells with 94-100% success rates, while viral vector, DNA-based, and live-attenuated vaccines were the most effective platforms, particularly when combined with adjuvants promoting local inflammation. CD69 and CD103 were the most frequently employed markers, despite significant methodological heterogeneity. Vaccine-induced T_RM cells were shown to disseminate throughout the skin and confer durable protection, independent of circulating T cells. However, evidence is largely restricted to preclinical studies, underscoring the need for standardization of T_RM cell identification and expanded human studies to translate these findings into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"137"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new attenuated and highly immunogenic orthopoxvirus vaccine protects against mpox in mice and macaques.","authors":"Fengwen Xu, Yu Huang, Yongzhi Hou, Yu Xie, Baoying Huang, Fei Zhao, Zhao Gao, Chen Chen, Jiaxun Wang, Shan Mei, Yamei Hu, Liming Wang, Liang Wei, Jingjing Zhang, Na Li, Zhe Cong, Jianrong Ma, Lin Zhu, Ting Chen, Jiahan Lu, Qiang Wei, Wenjie Tan, Jing Xue, Fei Guo","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01193-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01193-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shortly after 2022, mpox again becomes a public health emergency of international concern as declared by the World Health Organization on August 14, 2024. Smallpox vaccines ACAM2000 and MVA-BN were approved for mpox prevention in several countries. However, the side effects of ACAM2000 and the limited supply of MVA call for the development of new mpox vaccines to prevent mpox and other orthopoxvirus infections. In this study, we engineered a new generation of attenuated and highly immunogenic vaccinia virus named dBTF based on the vaccinia Tiantan strain which is a replication-competent smallpox vaccine widely used in China. The dBTF vaccinia virus is impaired in replication and low in virulence, induces strong vaccinia virus-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Importantly, single dose of dBTF vaccination effectively protects mice and cynomolgus macaques from mpox virus challenge. These results support the development of dBTF into a new generation of mpox and orthopoxvirus vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"134"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systems vaccinology identifies immunological correlates of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in solid organ transplant recipients.","authors":"Nicolas Gemander, Julika Neumann, Rafael Veiga, Isabelle Etienne, Teresa Prezzemolo, Delphine Kemlin, Pieter Pannus, Stéphanie Depickère, Véronique Olislagers, Inès Vu Duc, Alexandra Waegemans, Margaux Gerbaux, Leoni Bücken, Hafid Dahma, Charlotte Martin, Nicolas Dauby, Maria E Goossens, Isabelle Desombere, Carlos P Roca, Mathijs Willemsen, Stanislas Goriely, Alain Le Moine, Arnaud Marchant, Adrian Liston, Stephanie Humblet-Baron","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01182-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01182-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at enhanced risk of infection and to poorly respond to vaccination due to comorbidities and immunosuppression. We performed a systems vaccinology study in 59 kidney and 31 lung transplant recipients who received 3 doses of COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine. We were able to characterize a baseline configuration associated with an effective humoral response to 3 doses, characterized by an innate and activated B cell profile, whereas a T cell signature was associated with a poorer response. We observed a distinct configuration associated with a detectable humoral response to 2 doses, partly mediated by double negative B cell subsets. These results suggest that, despite their immunosuppression, some SOT recipients can induce an effective humoral response to 3 doses of vaccine supported by a baseline configuration close to the healthy phenotype. Baseline immune phenotyping may help identify SOT recipients at the greatest risk of a poor vaccine response.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"140"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-associated defect in ADCC response to COVID-19 vaccine.","authors":"Benjamin L Sievers, Mazharul Altaf, Mark T K Cheng, Kimia Kamelian, Claire Cormie, Rainer Doffinger, Ravindra K Gupta","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01196-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01196-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated age-associated effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in elderly individuals (n = 50, mean age 79) after six SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses. While neutralization titers remained comparable across age groups, Fc-mediated effector functions declined with age. Individuals >80 demonstrated reduced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), via a surrogate ADCC-signaling assay, correlating with diminished IgG1 binding. These findings highlight age-related impairments in Fc-mediated responses, with implications for immune protection and vaccine strategies in older populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a broad-spectrum subunit vaccine against H9N2 avian influenza using HA stem domain scaffold and snoopligase system.","authors":"Keji Quan, Nan Zhang, Mengqi Lin, Yuan Liu, Yue Li, Qun Hu, Maoshun Nie, Tao Qin, Sujuan Chen, Daxin Peng, Xiufan Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01191-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01191-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) is a globally prevalent pathogen that causes economic losses in poultry and poses zoonotic threats. Due to antigenic drift and shift, traditional inactivated vaccines often show reduced efficacy. This study presents a novel subunit vaccine based on a conserved HA6 scaffold derived from the hemagglutinin stem domain and coupled with a fusion peptide epitope (fPE) via Snoopligase-mediated ligation. The HA6 protein was validated by its binding to the broad-spectrum antibody CR6261, and the fPE-HA6 fusion construct incorporated T- and B-cell epitopes. Immunization trials in a chicken demonstrated that fPE-HA6 induced stronger humoral and cellular immune responses than individual immunogens. Upon challenge with H9N2 strains YZ4 and SN, the fusion vaccine significantly reduced viral shedding, demonstrating broad-spectrum protection. These findings highlight the potential of HA6 as a modular scaffold for influenza vaccines and the utility of Snoopligase technology in developing broadly protective immunogens against antigenically variable viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"136"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modular assembly and immunological evaluation of a promising bioconjugate nanovaccine against Klebsiella pneumoniae O2 serotype.","authors":"Peng Sun, Chao Pan, Huifang Xu, Bo Liu, Jingqin Ye, Kangfeng Wang, Yan Zhang, Ting Li, Li Zhu, Yating Wang, Hengliang Wang, Jun Wu","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01187-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01187-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) poses an enormous threat to human health, with O2 serotypes accounting for up to 35-59% of infections. Although the O-polysaccharide (OPS) of the Kp O2 serotype can be used as an antigen target for vaccine preparation, its simple structure (only galactose repeats) makes it difficult to generate effective antibody responses and protection. Here, we prepared a novel Kp O2 OPS bioconjugate nanovaccine using protein glycan coupling technology (PGCT) and a SpyCatcher/SpyTag (SC/ST) orthogonal assembly system. The hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBc), which can assemble into nanoparticles, was used as a carrier to display OPS on its surface, allowing the bioconjugate to reach the nanoscale. The HBc-OPS exhibited attractive stability without aggregation or degradation for up to 10 months. A series of mouse experiments revealed the OPS-specific antibody activation ability of HBc-OPS and its protective effect against different infection doses. In particular, when coadministered with the AS03 adjuvant, all the mice were protected from higher doses of lethal attacks. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we found that the addition of AS03 further promoted the humoral immune response by stimulating increased levels of cytokines and T follicular helper (Tfh), germinal center B (GC B), and antigen-specific memory B cells. Moreover, we found that the use of AS03 as an adjuvant can provide a better protective effect than commonly used CpG-based adjuvants. Therefore, we have developed an attractive, stable, and effective bioconjugate nanovaccine against the Klebsiella pneumoniae O2 serotype. This bioconjugate nanovaccine design greatly potentiated the immunogenicity of polysaccharides, and the orthogonal modular assembly strategy reduced the technical difficulty of bioconjugate nanovaccine preparation, both of which could be applicable to the development of OPS conjugate vaccines for serotypes with low immunogenicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"138"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower risk of dementia with AS01-adjuvanted vaccination against shingles and respiratory syncytial virus infections.","authors":"Maxime Taquet, John A Todd, Paul J Harrison","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01172-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-025-01172-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AS01-adjuvanted shingles (herpes zoster) vaccination is associated with a lower risk of dementia, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In propensity-score matched cohort studies with 436,788 individuals, both the AS01-adjuvanted shingles and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines, individually or combined, were associated with reduced 18-month risk of dementia. No difference was observed between the two AS01-adjuvanted vaccines, suggesting that the AS01 adjuvant itself plays a direct role in lowering dementia risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"130"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12198376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}