NPJ Vaccines最新文献

{"title":"Impact of inactivated vaccine on transmission and evolution of H9N2 avian influenza virus in chickens.","authors":"Zhe Hu, Hui Ai, Zhen Wang, Shiyue Huang, Honglei Sun, Xinxin Xuan, Mingyue Chen, Jinxiu Wang, Wei Yan, Jiayi Sun, Juan Pu, Christopher B Brooke, Kin-Chow Chang, Yipeng Sun, Jinhua Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01115-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-025-01115-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) is endemic in poultry worldwide and increasingly zoonotic. Despite the long-term widespread use of inactivated vaccines, H9N2 AIVs remain dominant in chicken flocks. We demonstrated that inactivated vaccines did not prevent the replication of H9N2 AIVs in the upper airway of vaccinated chickens. Viral transmission was enhanced during sequential passage in vaccinated chickens, which was attributed to the restricted production of defective interfering particles and the introduction of stable mutations (NP-N417D, M1-V219I, and NS1-R140W) which enhanced viral replication. Notably, the genetic diversity of H9N2 AIVs was greater and included more potential mammal/human-adapted mutations after passage through vaccinated chickens than through naïve chickens, which might facilitate the emergence of mammal-adapted strains. By contrast, vaccines inducing cellular/mucosal immunity in the upper respiratory tract effectively limit H9N2 AIV. These findings highlight the limitations of inactivated vaccines and the need for revised vaccination strategies to control H9N2 AIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of rArt v 1-based sublingual and subcutaneous immunotherapy in a murine model of asthma.","authors":"Kairat Tabynov, Elmira Tailakova, Guliza Rakhmatullayeva, Turlan Bolatbekov, Yeow Hong Lim, Gleb Fomin, Meruert Babayeva, Rudolf Valenta, Kaissar Tabynov","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01112-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-025-01112-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mugwort-allergic patients frequently experience severe respiratory allergies due to sensitization to the major allergen Art v 1, with allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) as the only causal treatment to halt disease progression. This study evaluated the effects of subcutaneous (SCIT) and sublingual (SLIT) ASIT with purified recombinant Art v 1 (rArt v 1) in a murine model of mugwort pollen of asthma. BALB/c mice were sensitized with Artemisia vulgaris pollen extract and treated with either rArt v 1-based SCIT adjuvanted with Montanide ISA-51, rArt v 1-based SLIT, an extract-based commercial SLIT vaccine, or PBS. Both rArt v 1-based SCIT and SLIT improved lung pathology and reduced airway reactivity following allergen challenge, with rArt v 1-based SCIT inducing Th1-polarized immune responses marked by increased IFN-γ production and rArt v 1-specific IgG₁/IgG_2a, while SLIT induced stronger mucosal IgA responses. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of rArt v 1-based ASIT for mugwort allergy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-exposure vaccine protection of CTH522/CAF^®01 against reinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis requires Th1/Th17 but not Th2-immunity.","authors":"Nina Dieu Nhien Tran Nguyen, Sharmila Subratheepam, Safia Guleed, Kristoffer Mazanti Melchiors, Anja Weinreich Olsen, Katharina Wørzner, Frank Follmann, Jes Dietrich","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01117-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-025-01117-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlamydia trachomatis (C.t.) is globally the most common sexually transmitted bacterium with an estimated 131 million new cases occurring every year. There is no licenced vaccine against C.t. Repeated infections are often observed in women, suggesting that natural immunity is only partially protective. It is therefore important to investigate if a vaccine given post exposure, on top of a partially protective natural immunity, can increase protection against reinfection. In mice, an infection leads to robust immunity to subsequent challenges that precludes an investigation of increased protection elicited by a post-exposure vaccine. Therefore, we developed a new animal model where the first infection only provided partial protection against reinfection. Using this model, we show that UV-SvD/CAF^®01 and CTH522/CAF^®01 as post-exposure parenteral vaccines, but not CTH522/AlOH, protected against reinfection. As CTH522/CAF^®01 also reduced the gross pathology score post reinfection, this suggests that CTH522/CAF^®01 is both protective and safe as a post-exposure vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of an immunogenic trivalent poliovirus virus-like particle vaccine candidate in yeast using controlled fermentation.","authors":"Lee Sherry, Keith Grehan, Mohammad W Bahar, Jessica J Swanson, Helen Fox, Sue Matthews, Sarah Carlyle, Ling Qin, Claudine Porta, Steven Wilkinson, Suzanne Robb, Naomi Clark, John Liddell, Elizabeth E Fry, David I Stuart, Andrew J Macadam, David J Rowlands, Nicola J Stonehouse","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01111-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-025-01111-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The success of the poliovirus (PV) vaccines has enabled the near-eradication of wild PV, however, their continued use post-eradication poses concerns, due to the potential for virus escape during vaccine manufacture. Recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) that lack the viral genome remove this risk. Here, we demonstrate the production of PV VLPs for all three serotypes by controlled fermentation using Pichia pastoris. We determined the cryo-EM structure of a new PV2 mutant, termed SC5a, in comparison to PV2-SC6b VLPs described previously and investigated the immunogenicity of PV2-SC5a VLPs. Finally, a trivalent immunogenicity trial using bioreactor-derived VLPs of all three serotypes in the presence of Alhydrogel adjuvant, showed that these VLPs outperform the current IPV vaccine in the standard vaccine potency assay, offering the potential for dose-sparing. Overall, these results provide further evidence that yeast-produced VLPs have the potential to be a next-generation polio vaccine in a post-eradication world.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11958812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RBD-depleted SARS-CoV-2 spike generates protective immunity in cynomolgus macaques.","authors":"Hélène Letscher, Delphine Guilligay, Gregory Effantin, Axelle Amen, Guidenn Sulbaran, Judith A Burger, Laetitia Bossevot, Laura Junges, Marco Leonec, Julie Morin, Matthieu Van Tilbeurgh, Cécile Hérate, Anne-Sophie Gallouët, Francis Relouzat, Sylvie van der Werf, Mariangela Cavarelli, Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet, Marit J van Gils, Rogier W Sanders, Pascal Poignard, Roger Le Grand, Winfried Weissenhorn","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01113-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-025-01113-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic revealed the rapid evolution of circulating strains. This led to new variants carrying mostly mutations within the receptor binding domain, which is immunodominant upon immunization and infection. In order to steer the immune response away from RBD epitopes to more conserved domains, we generated S glycoprotein trimers without RBD and stabilized them by formaldehyde cross-linking. The cryoEM structure demonstrated that SΔRBD folds into the native prefusion conformation, stabilized by one specific cross-link between S2 protomers. SΔRBD was coated onto lipid vesicles, to produce synthetic virus-like particles, SΔRBD-LV, which were utilized in a heterologous prime-boost strategy. Immunization of cynomolgus macaques either three times with the mRNA Comirnaty vaccine or two times followed by SΔRBD-LV showed that the SΔRBD-LV boost induced similar antibody titers and neutralization of different variants, including omicron. Upon challenge with omicron XBB.3, both the Comirnaty only and Comirnaty/SΔRBD-LV vaccination schemes conferred similar overall protection from infection for both the Comirnaty only and Comirnaty/SΔRBD-LV vaccination schemes. However, the SΔRBD-LV boost indicated better protection against lung infection than the Comirnaty strategy alone. Together our findings indicate that SΔRBD is highly immunogenic and provides improved protection compared to a third mRNA boost indicative of superior antibody-based protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virus detection by short read high throughput sequencing in a high virus low cellular background.","authors":"Pei-Ju Chin, Christophe Lambert, Pascale Beurdelay, Robert L Charlebois, Anne-Sophie Colinet, Marc Eloit, Shanaz Gilchrist, Maria Gilleece, Matthew Hess, Andreas Leimbach, Tom J B de Man, Olivier Vandeputte, Dawid Walas, Weihong Wang, Arifa S Khan","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01104-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01104-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The safety of all biological products includes demonstrating the absence of adventitious viruses by testing various types of samples at different stages of the manufacturing process. Seven laboratories evaluated short-read high-throughput sequencing (HTS) for sensitivity and breadth of adventitious virus detection using viruses with distinct physicochemical and genome properties. These five viruses are currently designated as CBER NGS Virus Reagents and include: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV; or human herpes virus 4), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), mammalian orthoreovirus type 1 (Reo1), and porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1). To evaluate adventitious virus detection in a biological material with a high production virus titer and low cellular background, the 5 viruses were mixed and different copies of the viral genomes spiked into 1 - 5 × 10⁹ genome copies per mL (GC/mL) of purified adenovirus 5. Independent protocols were used by each laboratory for the entire HTS workflow. All laboratories detected 10⁴ GC/mL of the five viruses by both targeted and non-targeted bioinformatic analyses. Additionally, the limit of detection of squirrel monkey retrovirus and porcine endogenous retrovirus, which pre-existed in EBV and PCV1 virus stocks, respectively, was evaluated. The five laboratories that tested 10³ GC/mL, detected all 5 viruses with the targeted analysis, and Reo1 and EBV with the non-targeted analysis. It was noted that some laboratories achieved a better sensitivity for detection of the five viruses ( ≤10² GC/mL). This study presents an approach for HTS validation for viral safety testing of vaccines and other biologics using a panel of reference viruses. The results highlight that optimization of steps in the HTS workflow can improve the limit of detection for adventitious viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the impact of early vaccination in an influenza pandemic in the United States.","authors":"Van Hung Nguyen, Pascal Crépey, B Adam Williams, Verna L Welch, Jean Marie Pivette, Charles H Jones, Jane M True","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01081-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-025-01081-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We modeled the impact of initiating one-dose influenza vaccination at 3 months vs 6 months after declaration of a pandemic over a 1-year timeframe in the US population. Three vaccine effectiveness (VE) and two pandemic severity levels were considered, using an epidemic curve based on typical seasonal influenza epidemics. Vaccination from 3 months with a high, moderate, or low effectiveness vaccine would prevent ~95%, 84%, or 38% deaths post-vaccination, respectively, compared with 21%, 18%, and 8%, respectively following vaccination at 6 months, irrespective of pandemic severity. While the pandemic curve would not be flattened from vaccination from 6 months, a moderate/high effectiveness vaccine could flatten the curve if administered from 3 months. Overall, speed of initiating a vaccination campaign is more important than VE in reducing the health impacts of an influenza pandemic. Preparedness strategies may be able to minimize future pandemic impacts by prioritizing rapid vaccine roll-out.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two doses of Qβ virus like particle vaccines elicit protective antibodies against heroin and fentanyl.","authors":"Isabella G Romano, Brandi Johnson-Weaver, Susan B Core, Andzoa N Jamus, Marcus Brackeen, Bruce Blough, Subhakar Dey, Yumei Huang, Herman Staats, William C Wetsel, Bryce Chackerian, Kathryn M Frietze","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01105-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-025-01105-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Opioid overdoses and opioid use disorder (OUD) are major public health concerns. Current treatment approaches for OUD have failed to slow the growth of the opioid crisis. Opioid vaccines have shown pre-clinical success in targeting multiple different opioid drugs. However, the need for many immunizations can limit their clinical implementation. In this study, we investigate the development of novel opioid vaccines by independently targeting fentanyl and the active metabolites of heroin using a bacteriophage virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine platform. We establish the successful conjugation of haptens to bacteriophage Qβ VLPs and demonstrate immunogenicity of Qβ-fentanyl, Qβ-morphine, and Qβ-6-acetylmorphine in animal models after one or two immunizations. We show that these vaccines elicit high-titer, high-avidity, and durable antibody responses. Moreover, we reveal their protective capacities against heroin or fentanyl challenge after two immunizations. Overall, these findings establish Qβ-VLP conjugated vaccines for heroin and fentanyl as promising opioid vaccine candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Correction: Changes in vaccine attitudes and recommendations among US Healthcare Personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Matthew Z Dudley, Holly B Schuh, Amanda Forr, Jana Shaw, Daniel A Salmon","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01108-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01108-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid development of attenuated IBV vaccine candidates through a versatile backbone applicable to variants.","authors":"Yuanlu Lu, Yiran Zeng, Haowei Luo, Na Chen, Lingcai Zhao, Haitao Zhang, Jun Xia, Jihui Ping","doi":"10.1038/s41541-025-01114-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41541-025-01114-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The antigen variability of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has hindered vaccine effectiveness and perpetuated its epidemic. We engineered a rapid attenuation method for IBV variants. The strategy involves creating the rH-CPDF7 backbone by recoding a segment of the H120 nonstructural protein (NSP) genome via codon pair deoptimization (CPD), facilitating S gene integration from IBV variants via transformation-associated recombination (TAR) cloning. These recombinant strains exhibited even lower pathogenicity, indicating the effectiveness of CPDF7 in reducing virulence. Importantly, the rH-CPDF7 backbone demonstrated versatility, being applicable to the development of attenuated strains for IBV variants, including the QX-type, TW-type, and GVI-type strains (different genotypes). In conclusion, our method allows for the rapid development of attenuated strains by integrating the S gene of IBV variants into the rH-CPDF7 backbone. These recombinant strains can elicit a strong immune response and provide effective protection against homologous challenges. This strategy is crucial for developing live-attenuated vaccines against emerging IBV strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":19335,"journal":{"name":"NPJ Vaccines","volume":"10 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11953439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}