Neuropsychologia最新文献

{"title":"How negative emotions influence arithmetic problem-solving processes: An ERP study","authors":"Paola Melani ,&nbsp;Ludovic Fabre ,&nbsp;Patrick Lemaire","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated the effects of negative emotions on arithmetic performance using ERPs. Participants were asked to verify complex multiplication problems that were either true (e.g., 3 × 23 = 69) or false (e.g., 5 × 98 = 485). Half the problems were five problems (e.g., 5 × 94 = 470) and half were non-five problems (e.g., 8 × 63 = 504). False five problems violated arithmetic rules (i.e., the five rule, e.g., 5 × 17 = 87, the parity-rule, e.g., 86 × 5 = 435, both the five- and parity-rules, e.g., 5 × 42 = 411) or no arithmetic rules (e.g., 13 × 5 = 45). Problems were displayed superimposed on emotionally neutral or negative pictures. Behavioral results showed that negative emotions (a) did not affect participants’ performance on true five and non-five problems, (b) influenced arithmetic performance on false five problems, and (c) impaired performance on problems that violated both the five- and parity-rules but improved performance on false five problems violating no arithmetic rules. Electrophysiological data revealed that negative emotions led to (a) earlier P1 peak when participants verified true, non-five problems, (b) lower P300 and P600 amplitudes in central brain regions when participants verified false five problems that violated no-rule, (c) earlier N2 peak latencies in central brain regions and larger LPC amplitudes in right parietal regions while participants verified parity-rule violation problems, and (d) earlier N2 peak latencies in central brain regions and later N2 peak latencies in the right prefrontal brain regions while participants verified false, five problems violating both the five- and parity-rules. These findings demonstrate that negative emotions significantly alter key stages of arithmetic problem-solving by modulating neural activity related to encoding, detection of rule violations, and strategic execution, as evidenced by changes in the amplitude and latency of ERP components such as P1, N2, P300, P600, and LPC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating social cognition in Multiple Sclerosis: Does Implicit Biological Motion processing affect visuo-spatial attention?","authors":"Sofia Bonventre ,&nbsp;Martina De Cesaris ,&nbsp;Massimo Bertoli ,&nbsp;Francesca Graziano ,&nbsp;Valentina Tomassini ,&nbsp;Marcella Brunetti","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The perception of Biological Motion (BM) is critical for understanding social cues. A limited number of moving light dots resembling a moving individual, can suggest social intention information, providing an attentional orienting. This ability to predict other's intentions from BM cues refers to social cognition, an ability impaired in several neurological diseases.</div><div>As in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) an impairment in visuo-spatial attention and social cognition has been observed, we aim to investigate the possible differences in the visuo-spatial attention between MS patients and healthy individuals by using BM stimuli as cues.</div><div>We tested 37 MS patients and 40 healthy controls (HC), who performed a modified central cue Posner task, using BM stimuli as cues that are not always predictive of the target location. They were represented by Point Light Walker (PLW) configuration, a series of dots arranged at the human joints and walking through the left or right of the screen, shown in the global (whole body) or local (two dots, indicating the feet of the PLW) configuration.</div><div>MS patients exhibited overall slower responses compared to HC. In MS patients, a weaker advantage of valid trial over invalid ones was evident when cue had a local than global BM configuration. Also, MS patients showed a slower performance than HC in valid trials with local BM cues. The difference between groups was attenuated when the cue had a global BM configuration. These findings suggest possible impairment of local BM cue processing in MS patients, possibly due to delays or deficits in interpreting feet motion as biological information, reducing the cue's predictive power.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of tDCS on the speed-accuracy tradeoff and metacognitive decision making","authors":"Joshua Sabio,&nbsp;Timothy Ballard,&nbsp;Hannah L. Filmer,&nbsp;Paul E. Dux","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A fundamental tradeoff exists between speed and accuracy when performing a decision (speed-accuracy tradeoff, SAT). Metacognition allows for the adjustment, monitoring, and evaluation of one's own decisions and strategies. While these aspects of cognition are central to human behavioural performance, their respective causal neural underpinnings are not well understood. Here, we used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to investigate the causal roles of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), superior medial frontal cortex (SMFC), and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in the SAT and metacognition. Subjects received active or sham tDCS before completing a perceptual task with explicit SAT cues and reported confidence in their decisions. We fit the linear ballistic accumulator model to behavioural data to extract latent decision variables and used confidence judgments to compute two common indices of metacognition: <em>meta-d’</em> and <em>m-ratio</em>. Stimulation influenced performance on the perceptual task but there was no meaningful evidence for an effect on metacognition. Specifically, PFC stimulation reduced subjects' response caution, especially when accuracy was emphasised; SMFC stimulation decreased response caution and increased the discriminability between choices; and PPC stimulation increased both response caution and discriminability. These results show that the impact of tDCS on the SAT critically depends on the frontoparietal region stimulated. In addition, there was little to no evidence of any effect of tDCS on metacognition, hinting at potential differences in the neural circuitry supporting aspects of <em>object</em>-level computation and <em>meta</em>-level processing. In sum, our findings provide further evidence that tDCS can alter decision making and strategic processes in the human brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intuitive physical reasoning is not mediated by linguistic nor exclusively domain-general abstract representations","authors":"Hope H. Kean ,&nbsp;Alexander Fung ,&nbsp;R.T. Pramod ,&nbsp;Jessica Chomik-Morales ,&nbsp;Nancy Kanwisher ,&nbsp;Evelina Fedorenko","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability to reason about the physical world is a critical tool in the human cognitive toolbox, but the nature of the representations that mediate physical reasoning remains debated. Here, we use fMRI to illuminate this question by investigating the relationship between the physical-reasoning system and two well-characterized systems: a) the domain-general Multiple Demand (MD) system, which supports abstract reasoning, including mathematical and logical reasoning, and b) the language system, which supports linguistic computations and has been hypothesized to mediate some forms of thought. We replicate prior findings of a network of frontal and parietal areas that are robustly engaged by physical reasoning and identify an additional physical-reasoning area in the left frontal cortex, which also houses components of the MD and language systems. Critically, direct comparisons with tasks that target the MD and the language systems reveal that the physical-reasoning system overlaps with the MD system, but is dissociable from it in fine-grained activation patterns, which replicates prior work. Moreover, the physical-reasoning system does not overlap with the language system. These results suggest that physical reasoning does not rely on linguistic representations, nor exclusively on the domain-general abstract reasoning that the MD system supports.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early audiovisual integration in target processing under continuous noise: Behavioral and EEG evidence","authors":"Junjie Wang ,&nbsp;Mingkun Guo ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanru Bai ,&nbsp;Guangjian Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multisensory integration is interconnected across various information reception. The stage and mechanism of brain response to audiovisual integration have not been fully understood. In this study, we designed audiovisual and unisensory experiments to investigate task performance and electrophysiological characteristics associated with audiovisual integration in a continuous background interference environment using materials collected from the underwater environment. Behavioral results showed that the reaction time (RT) was shorter, and the accuracy was higher in the audiovisual experiment. The cumulative distribution function (CDF) results of RT indicated that audiovisual integration supported the co-activation model. Event-related potential (ERP) results revealed shorter latency of the P1 and N1 components in the audiovisual experiment. Microstate analysis indicated that the parietal-occipital area may play a key role in audiovisual integration. Moreover, event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) results demonstrated the critical role of low-frequency oscillation in audiovisual integration at the early stage. Our findings support the view that the beneficial effect of audiovisual integration is predominantly upon the early stage of neural information processing, including task-independent information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total recall: Detecting autobiographical memory retrieval in the absence of behaviour","authors":"Matthew Kolisnyk ,&nbsp;Geoffrey Laforge ,&nbsp;Marie-Ève Gagnon ,&nbsp;Jonathan Erez ,&nbsp;Adrian M. Owen","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Functional neuroimaging has fundamentally changed our understanding of disorders of consciousness (DoC). While many DoC patients exhibit minimal to no <em>behavioural</em> responsiveness, a significant minority show <em>neural</em> evidence of awareness and preserved cognitive functioning. Although several cognitive functions have been explored in DoC patients, autobiographical memory -- the ability to form and retrieve personal memories -- has yet to be investigated. To address this gap, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate autobiographical memory in one DoC patient. The patient viewed video clips across three conditions: (1) <em>Own -</em> clips recorded from their perspective during a recent mall visit; (2) <em>Other</em> - clips from a healthy control’s visit to the same mall; and (3) <em>Bookstore</em> - novel clips from an entirely different store that had not been visited. We trained a linear support vector classifier to associate fMRI activity in canonical autobiographical memory regions with each condition using data from twelve healthy participants. We then applied the trained model to the patient’s data to ’decode’ which condition their fMRI activity predicted. The model accurately distinguished between <em>Own</em>, <em>Other</em>, and <em>Bookstore</em> conditions in the patient (<em>Balanced Accuracy</em> = 0.448, <em>p</em> = .032), with performance within the control group range (<em>p</em> = .068). Similarly, the model distinguished between the <em>Own</em> and <em>Other</em> conditions above chance (<em>Balanced Accuracy</em> = 0.609, <em>p</em> = .032) and within the control group’s distribution (<em>p</em> = .620), suggesting that the patient was still able to differentiate personal experiences from visually similar scenes, despite being behaviourally unable to report that this was the case. These findings provide preliminary evidence that autobiographical memory processes, critical to conscious awareness and identity, remain intact in some DoC patients, shedding further light on their covert capabilities and inner experiences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the semantic organization of animal fluency in mild Alzheimer's disease through time-course analysis and LDA topic modelling","authors":"Y. Itaguchi ,&nbsp;K. Waterloo ,&nbsp;S.H. Johnsen ,&nbsp;C. Rodríguez-Aranda","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deterioration of semantic memory represents an important feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has been widely addressed in neuropsychological research. A way to understand semantic integrity in AD patients is through a detailed analysis of verbal fluency (VF) performance. In the present study, we used an innovative methodology that combines measures of between-words latencies together with automatized identification of semantic clusters via Latent Dirichlet Analysis (LDA) to acquire a more precise understanding of the dynamics and semantic organization of VF in patients at early stages of AD. Importantly, and diverging from customary procedures, we included VF errors (i.e., repetitions and intrusions) across analyses. For comparison, a group of healthy older adults and young individuals were also examined. Standard parameters including total correct answers, number of clusters, mean cluster size (MCS), cluster duration, and within and out-of-cluster intervals were calculated. These parameters were expressed as mean values in 1-min VF trials and by calculating mean values in four 15-s time windows. Results for the 1-min trial demonstrated significantly larger mean cluster sizes (MCS) and fewer generated answers in AD patients compared to the healthy groups. No additional group differences were found neither on time intervals (both within and out-of-clusters), nor on the 15-s time windows analyses. These data suggest that the clustering ability of mild AD patients might be affected by executive impairments promoting larger MCS. At the same time, we found similar semantic processes and timings in patients and healthy participants. The main difference resides in the structure of the patients' clusters, which encompassed erroneous answers. We advance the idea that production of errors might not only be a consequence of executive dysfunction or working memory deterioration, but also a sign that associative semantic mechanisms are still active early in the disease, despite an evident loss of information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of self-awareness after severe acquired brain injury: A systematic review and recommendations for a new classification of offline self-awareness","authors":"Umberto Bivona ,&nbsp;Dolores Villalobos","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Impairment in self-awareness (ISA) is an important obstacle in neurorehabilitation of severe acquired brain injury (ABI) patients since it can cause failure in adopting adequate compensatory strategies, or the implementation of ineffective or dangerous behaviors. Accordingly, it should be assessed as early and accurately as possible, even if, to date, no consensus exists on how best to measure SA, and on its explanatory models. The present systematic review aimed to address: (a) to which extent ISA has been assessed in studies enrolling severe ABI patients; (b) whether studies on assessment of SA after severe ABI considered any explanatory models of SA and which measures have been utilized accordingly; (c) possible gaps or criticism in the extant research on severe ABI patients; and (d) to provide a novel proposal for SA assessment/classification based on the results and discussion from the systematic review conducted in this well selected population of patients.</div><div>A systematic review was carried out in the databases PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO; 701 studies were retrieved and finally 54 met the inclusion criteria. Our review evidenced the paucity of studies on assessment of SA in patients with severe ABI that specified the model and the level of SA. Only a few measures of SA went beyond its intellectual and declarative aspects, thus hindering an exhaustive assessment and a full comprehension of SA. Accordingly, we propose a more comprehensive classification of offline anticipatory SA, with some important implications in the neurorehabilitation field. The review demonstrated the need of measuring SA beyond its declarative level, differentiating between declarative and real anticipatory SA, as well as of assessing SA at both offline and online levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 109123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral and neuroanatomical effects of soccer heading training in virtual reality: A longitudinal fMRI case study","authors":"Fabio Richlan","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Virtual reality (VR) technology has received considerable attention over the last few years, with applications in many performance domains including training of sports-related mental and motor skills. The exact psychological and neurobiological mechanisms underlying potential VR training effects in athletes, however, remain largely unknown.</div><div>The present longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) case study reports behavioral and neuroanatomical effects of VR soccer (a.k.a. football) heading training in a male adult amateur player. The study was conducted over 8 weeks, starting with a pre-test, followed by a 4-week VR training phase, during which weekly fMRI assessments and the first behavioral post-test were conducted. After an additional 4-week retention phase, the final fMRI assessment and the second behavioral post-test were conducted.</div><div>Substantial improvement in real-life heading performance was accompanied by both structural and functional neuroanatomical changes. The comparison of the T1-weighted images revealed an increase in GM volume in the left thalamus and an increase in WM volume in the bilateral cerebellum. Furthermore, the analysis of the surface images showed an increase in cortical thickness in the right insula, left inferior temporal gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus, left lingual gyrus, left posterior cingulate cortex, and bilateral anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex. The seed-based correlation analyses of the resting-state fMRI data revealed manifold increases in functional connectivity within and between important brain networks.</div><div>This study contributes to the growing literature on VR training in athletes and provides the world's first evidence on fundamental neurobiological mechanisms underlying neuroplasticity related to VR training effects in sports.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring implicit line orientation discrimination using fast periodic visual stimulation","authors":"Oliver Hermann ,&nbsp;Carla Leonardi ,&nbsp;Karin Petrini ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Coulthard ,&nbsp;George Stothart","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fast periodic visual stimulation oddball paradigm (FPVS-oddball) is an electroencephalography (EEG) marker of discrimination between two classes of frequency tagged stimuli (standards and oddballs). Here, we probe low-level visual function using FPVS-oddball, with a view to its future use as a sensitive diagnostic marker of visuoperceptual cognitive impairment. Thirty participants (21 (±5) years, 7 males) completed five FPVS-oddball conditions that implicitly measured their ability to discriminate an oddball line orientation (1°,5°,10°,30°,80°), from a standard vertical line, as well as an equiprobable control condition. Twenty-four participants (24 (±5) years, 5 males) completed a retest session around one month later. Following 100s of recording, activity at the oddball presentation frequency, a neural signal of discrimination between standard and oddball stimuli, was observed in response to lines of 5° and above. The magnitude of this oddball response increased as oddball lines deviated more from vertical. Demonstrating consistency in individual participants, oddball responses were present in 30/30 participants in response to a deviation of 30° and 29/30 in response to a deviation of 80°. At larger deviations, oddball responses were highly reliable between sessions, measured using intraclass correlations. Overall, this study showed that FPVS-oddball can consistently and reliably measure line orientation discrimination in individual participants. The consistency and reliability of oddball responses in the cognitively healthy, could provide a strong baseline that clinical group's performance could be compared to, guiding neurocognitive assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}