Neuropsychologia最新文献

{"title":"Fornix subdivisions and spatial learning: a diffusion MRI study","authors":"Carl J. Hodgetts ,&nbsp;Mark Postans ,&nbsp;Angharad N. Williams ,&nbsp;Kim S. Graham ,&nbsp;Andrew D. Lawrence","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fornix is the major fibre pathway linking the hippocampal formation with distal brain sites. Human and animal lesion studies show that the connections comprising the fornix are vital for specific attributes of episodic and spatial memory. The fornix, however, interconnects the hippocampal formation with an array of subcortical and cortical sites and it is not known which specific connections support spatial-mnemonic function. To address this, utilizing a partly previously published dataset (Hodgetts et al., 2020), we applied a novel deterministic tractography protocol to diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data from a group of healthy young adult humans who separately completed a desktop-based virtual reality analogue of the Morris water maze task. The tractography protocol enabled the two main parts of the fornix, delineated previously in axonal tracing studies in rodents and primates, to be reconstructed in vivo, namely the pre-commissural fornix (connecting the hippocampus to medial prefrontal cortex and with basal forebrain) and the post-commissural fornix (linking the hippocampus and medial diencephalon). We found that inter-individual differences in pre-commissural – but not, surprisingly, post-commissural – fornix microstructure (indexed by free water corrected fractional anisotropy, FA) were significantly correlated with individual differences in spatial learning, indexed by reduction in search error as individuals learned to navigate to a hidden target location from multiple starting points. Specifically, higher FA in the pre-commissural fornix was associated with faster learning rates. This study provides novel evidence that flexible and/or precise spatial learning involves a hippocampal-basal forebrain/prefrontal network underpinned in part by the pre-commissural fornix.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 109350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145834490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent social evaluative decision-making and separation anxiety: Theta dynamics and computational correlates","authors":"Elizabeth V. Edgar ,&nbsp;Peter J. Castagna ,&nbsp;Stefon van Noordt ,&nbsp;Melle van der Molen ,&nbsp;Michael J. Crowley","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109321","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145564516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal dynamics of competition in global/local attentional selection","authors":"Jhoana Perez-Hidalgo ,&nbsp;Jorge Iglesias-Fuster ,&nbsp;Klency González-Hernández ,&nbsp;Brando Mesa-Cabrera ,&nbsp;Daniela Escobar-Magariño ,&nbsp;Mitchell Valdes-Sosa","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Attention shifts between global and local levels of visual objects, and these dynamics are altered in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, characterizing such dynamics is difficult because traditional Navon stimuli do not allow for the temporal separation of global and local information. We first investigated whether attentional selection mechanisms used with novel single-level stimuli are shared with those activated by traditional compound figures. In Experiment 1, two sequential target letters (referred to as T1 and T2) were shown at the same or different hierarchical levels with varying stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). When both targets were single-level stimuli, T2 recognition—conditional on correct T1 responses—was accurate following same-level transitions but impaired after different-level transitions, especially at short SOAs—an attentional blink (AB) that was stronger for global-to-local than local-to-global switches, replicating previous findings. Using a hybrid design with a traditional Navon T1 (cued to a single level) followed by a single-level T2, the same pattern emerged, indicating transfer of attentional effects across stimulus formats. The AB magnitudes correlated across paradigms, supporting shared mechanisms. To see if the attentional dynamics varied across participants, we applied this hybrid design in Experiment 2 to a larger sample, and used mixture modeling to explore individual differences, revealing four distinct clusters that varied in AB recovery speed depending on switch type, although a continuum of abilities cannot be excluded. These results demonstrate significant variability in attentional dynamics. Single-level stimuli thus offer a powerful tool to disentangle neural responses to hierarchical levels and provide new insights into both typical and disordered attentional processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145530862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enactment and bizarreness modulate familiarity and recollection in associative recognition: Evidence from FN400 and LPC","authors":"Min-Fang Zhao ,&nbsp;Hubert D. Zimmer ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiaolan Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals usually have superior memory for bizarre stimuli compared to common ones. However, the extent to which bizarreness influences memory for actions remains unclear. Recent evidence has shown that performed actions represented by an action phrase (verb–object pair) in subject-performed task (SPT) result in better associative memory than simply reading it in verbal task (VT). Here, we directly investigated the effect of bizarreness on associative memory for action components following SPT relative to VT and its underlying memory processes using EEGs. During studying, the participants studied ordinary and bizarre verb–object phrases (pairs) in an SPT or VT condition. During testing, they discriminated between intact, recombined, and new pairs. Behaviorally, associative recognition of verb–object phrases was better following SPT than VT for ordinary and bizarre phrases. Bizarreness improved associative recognition under VT (but not SPT). In the event related potentials (ERP), an early frontal old-new effect (FN400) for intact vs. new pairs was observed under SPT for ordinary and bizarre phrases, whereas for VT, this effect was only observed for bizarre phrase. The FN400 for intact vs. recombined pairs was only present under SPT for ordinary phrases. In the late time window, a parietal old-new effect (LPC) for intact vs. new pairs was obtained under all conditions. The LPC for intact vs. recombined pairs only occurred under VT for bizarre phrases. These results demonstrate that enactment and bizarreness enhance associative recognition through distinct mechanisms by differentially modulating the contributions of familiarity and recollection during retrieval of action-object associations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting psychosis via natural language processing of social media posts: potentials and pitfalls","authors":"Laurin Plank,&nbsp;Armin Zlomuzica","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The early detection and continuous monitoring of psychosis is of utmost importance in ensuring timely and effective treatment. Current mental health care is unable to meet this demand, partially because methods to detect psychosis are relatively time-intensive and not scalable to large populations. Consequently, there has been an increasing focus on the potential of passive data collection from digital devices to overcome this issue. In the present article, we explore whether the analysis of social media (SM) posts through natural language processing (NLP) could improve the detection of psychosis. We first demonstrate how freely expressed speech can be processed automatically in the laboratory to predict and classify psychosis with high levels of accuracy. We further outline the current state of psychosis classification from SM-derived data and discuss methodological issues that are hampering progress in this field. Finally, we delve into potential pitfalls of such systems and provide insight into how these may be circumvented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145582390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The error-related negativity and error-related temporal binding: Different predictors of task performance?","authors":"Michael Jenkins ,&nbsp;Sukhvinder S. Obhi","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When performing goal-directed tasks, mistakes can motivate changes in our choices and behaviours. This process of behavioural adaptation is assumed to be at least partly driven by error processing mechanisms in the brain marked by the error-related negativity (ERN). A recently observed perceptual consequence of errors is a temporal binding effect, which is the perceived compression of time between actions and outcomes and is commonly claimed to be an implicit marker for the sense of agency. Given that both phenomena are triggered by errors, we sought to investigate the relationship between ERN amplitude and error-related temporal binding and assess the extent to which each of these predicted several measures of task performance. Utilising a modified Eriksen Flanker task to increase error rates, we measured error-related changes in ERP amplitude (ERN difference wave) and action-outcome interval estimates (error-related temporal binding). Both measures were significantly affected by erroneous responses, and this was correlated between measures – participants with larger ERN amplitude also exhibited stronger error-related binding. When controlling for each other as predictors of task performance, ERN amplitude was shown to independently predict overall error rates, while error-related binding was shown to independently predict the rate of improvement. To our knowledge, this is the first study to observe error-related changes in temporal binding in a flanker task, and the first to measure the relationship between ERN amplitude and temporal binding. We discuss the distinction (and overlap) between the ERN and error-related binding, along with the potential links to the sense of agency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145636828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of visual motion perception from infancy to early childhood in full-term and premature children: A longitudinal high-density EEG study","authors":"Jin Wang,&nbsp;Belde Mutaf-Yildiz,&nbsp;F.R. (Ruud) van der Weel,&nbsp;Audrey L.H. van der Meer","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate perception of visual motion is crucial for daily activities and develops rapidly from infancy to childhood. High-density electroencephalogram (EEG) was utilized longitudinally to study brain responses to structured optic flow and random visual motion in 10 full-term and 10 preterm children at 4 months, 12 months, and 6 years. Visual evoked potential (VEP) analysis showed improved sensitivity to structured optic flow in full-term infants by the end of the first year, indicating effective use of structured information, whereas preterm children showed delayed sensitivity and difficulty distinguishing between different forms of optic flow until early childhood. Temporal spectral evolution (TSE) analysis revealed desynchronizations predominantly in the theta band at 4 months, transitioning to the theta–alpha band at 12 months, and extending into the alpha–beta band at 6 years. Synchronizations were observed in older full-term infants and in 6-year-olds at higher frequencies, more so in full-term children. Coherence connectivity analysis demonstrated more widespread functional connectivity within occipital and parietal areas in full-term participants compared to their preterm peers when processing visual motion. Overall, full-term children showed vast progress from infancy, approaching an adult-like pattern for perceiving visual motion by early childhood. In contrast, preterm children experienced neurodevelopmental delays that persisted into school age, likely linked to dorsal visual stream vulnerabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children's automatic processing of adult face aggression cues","authors":"Enguang Chen ,&nbsp;Xinyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuan Sang ,&nbsp;Liqi Zhu ,&nbsp;Hailing Wang ,&nbsp;Wenxin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detection of threatening information conveyed by faces is crucial for human survival and development, especially for children. Previous research has shown that adults perceive male faces with a high facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) as more aggressive and process this information automatically. However, it is unclear whether children possess similarly. In this study, two experiments were conducted with children (9.61 ± .67 years) to explore their ability to perceive aggression based on fWHR and whether they automatically process this information. In Experiment 1, children were asked to rate the perceived level of aggression in adult faces with high and low fWHR. It was found that high fWHR faces were perceived as more aggressive than low fWHR. In Experiment 2, visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) was used as an indicator to explore automatic processing further in an oddball paradigm. Children were asked to detect fixation size while being presented with adult faces with high or low fWHR in the background. It was observed that high fWHR faces induced vMMN in the 270–330 ms time range, while low fWHR faces did not, suggesting that children are able to automatically process high fWHR faces but not low fWHR. These results suggest that children can detect aggression cues through fWHR and automatically process high fWHR faces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145588354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional hemispheric segregation of sensory-motor laterality","authors":"Alexandre Jehan Marcori ,&nbsp;Victor Hugo Alves Okazaki ,&nbsp;Sebastian Ocklenburg","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Functional laterality manifests across motor and sensory domains, yet analysis of their combined organization within individuals remains underexplored. Gerrits’ 2024 (doi: 10.1007/s11065-022-09575-y) segregation bias model provides theoretical support that allows testing specific predictions for the lateralization of brain functions and their phenotype distributions in the population. We applied this approach to investigate sensory-motor laterality on the behavioral level (handedness, footedness, and eyedness) using a large sample (n = 900; 11–70 years).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants completed the Global Lateral Preference Inventory, and laterality indices were computed to categorize individuals into typical functional segregation (all preferences to the same side) or deviation patterns (either 1 or 2 deviations from the handedness side). We compared the observed distribution with Gerrits’ (2024) predictions and analyzed associations with handedness, sex, and age.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings partially supported the segregation bias model, as non-right-handers exhibited more atypical segregation patterns, confirming one of the model's primary predictions. However, exact percentages differed, likely due to methodological differences between behavioral inventories and neuroimaging, and differences in the lateralized functions being assessed. Contrary to expectations, no sex differences in segregation patterns emerged, suggesting the organizational principles for segregation bias in sensory-motor laterality may override sex-linked variability. Age effects were observed, with young adults displaying higher deviation rates, potentially reflecting continued neural and motor refinement during early adulthood.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings extend the segregation model framework to sensory-motor domains, highlighting its potential for neurodevelopmental, clinical, and research contexts, further emphasizing the importance of multidimensional assessments of laterality beyond handedness alone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145636840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of online prefrontal transcranial alternating current stimulation in the alpha and theta frequency bands on latent-variable measures of executive functions","authors":"Sofia El Mouderrib ,&nbsp;Laurence Dumont ,&nbsp;Audrey Murray ,&nbsp;Manon Desforges ,&nbsp;Evelyne Wassef ,&nbsp;Amélie Cloutier ,&nbsp;Clarice Huard ,&nbsp;Cassandra Lévesque ,&nbsp;Dave Saint-Amour ,&nbsp;Hugo Théoret","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Executive functions (EFs) are high-level cognitive processes essential for adaptive, goal-directed behavior. They are supported by oscillatory neural activity, particularly in the alpha and theta frequency bands, across local and distributed brain networks involving prefrontal regions. Previous studies have used transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to modulate such activity and have reported significant performance improvement on EF tasks. However, most relied on single-task scores as outcome measures, which may reflect not only domain-general executive functioning but also task-specific or lower-level processes. This double-blind sham-controlled within-subject study examined the effects of online prefrontal tACS at alpha (10 Hz) and theta (6 Hz) frequencies on EF performance, measured via latent-variable scores that capture shared variance across multiple EF tasks, in healthy individuals (<em>n</em> = 24). Outcome measures were derived using the NIH EXAMINER battery, yielding latent scores for four EF components (common EF, cognitive control, working memory, and fluency) as well as task scores. Linear mixed models revealed significantly higher common EF and cognitive control scores during alpha-tACS, with large effect sizes, and smaller, more limited stimulation effects on task scores. Exploratory analyses suggested biological sex-specific response to stimulation, with alpha-tACS effects observed primarily in females. These findings support a causal role for prefrontal alpha-band oscillations in EFs and underscore the value of latent-variable measures of executive functioning in neuromodulation research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145541652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}