Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Ipsilateral contraction increases map area and decreases motor threshold for contralateral hand muscle","authors":"Mustaali Hussain ,&nbsp;Stevie D. Foglia ,&nbsp;Jiyeon Park ,&nbsp;Karishma R. Ramdeo ,&nbsp;Faith C. Adams ,&nbsp;Chloe C. Drapeau ,&nbsp;Ava R. Bobinski ,&nbsp;Michael J. Carter ,&nbsp;Aimee J. Nelson","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ipsilateral motor pathways projecting from primary motor cortex (M1) to the distal upper limb exist in humans, and activation of these ipsilateral pathways also facilitate corticomotor excitability of the contralateral homologous muscle. Handedness and biological sex potentially influence the motor cortical representations, however their influence on ipsilateral representations remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the effects of ipsilateral contraction on hand motor representation size and excitability, and examined whether these effects were dependent on handedness and/or biological sex. In 80 individuals (40 right-handed, 40-left handed, equal males and females), we performed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to obtain motor threshold and motor map area of the contralateral first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscle of each hemisphere, at (1) rest and during (2) ipsilateral FDI muscle contraction at approximately 10% of maximum voluntary contraction. Results showed that ipsilateral contraction increased motor map area and decreased motor threshold within M1. These changes were independent of handedness and biological sex, and similar between hemispheres. Our findings demonstrate that an ipsilateral hand contraction increases the size and excitability of motor representations within ipsilateral M1, and these increases are irrespective of one’s handedness and biological sex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"586 ","pages":"Pages 144-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessing PCA-based characterization of spiral ganglion neuron cell lines","authors":"Souichi Oka,&nbsp;Ryota Ono,&nbsp;Yoshiyasu Takefuji","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"586 ","pages":"Pages 152-153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroanatomical correlates of auditory and visual statistical learning: Cortical and subcortical volume predictors.","authors":"Praveen Prem, Sukhmani Kaur Saggu, Adwoa Boadu, Sarah Saju, Kelly Nisbet, Jacqueline Cummine","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Statistical Learning (SL) is the ability to implicitly extract and learn statistical regularities from the environment. SL processes are ubiquitous across the lifespan through their proven role in language acquisition and adaptive behaviors. While recent neuroimaging research has identified networks of active brain regions during SL processes, less is known about whether structural differences in these regions may contribute to SL abilities. Here, we explore the extent to which visual SL (VSL) and auditory SL (ASL) performance are linked to cortical vs. subcortical brain volume. 61 Participants (43 Female) completed ASL and VSL tasks, each involving a familiarization and a testing phase. During familiarization, participants observed a sequence of structured triplets of unfamiliar and non-linguistic shapes (for VSL), and environmental sounds (for ASL). During testing, participants identified correct triplets/pairs on a series of alternative-forced-choice questions for both VSL and ASL. High-resolution T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans were taken of all participants, from which volumes were extracted for each cortical (planum temporale, fusiform gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus) and subcortical (caudate, nucleus accumbens, putamen, globus pallidus) regions of interest. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that performance during the ASL task was significantly related to the volume of the IFG, whereas VSL performance was significantly associated with volumes of all examined subcortical ROIs (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that differences in the IFG and subcortical volumes are differentially associated with SL abilities across visual and auditory modalities, further advancing our understanding of the domain-general and domain-specific aspects of SL processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a rat model expressing Cre recombinase in oxytocinergic neurons: NTac:SD-Oxtem1(cre)Sage","authors":"Thomas J. Martin ,&nbsp;Conner W. Martin ,&nbsp;Nayana Murulikanth ,&nbsp;Renee Parker ,&nbsp;Miriam das Dores Fonseca ,&nbsp;Edgar Alfonso Romero-Sandoval ,&nbsp;Christopher M. Peters ,&nbsp;Joseph Abbott ,&nbsp;Sara Gordon ,&nbsp;Guojun Zhao ,&nbsp;Douglas G. Ririe ,&nbsp;James C. Eisenach","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxytocin is a nonapeptide synthesized and released in both the central nervous system and periphery involved in numerous physiological and neurological processes. These include parturition and lactation, blood pressure regulation, social bonding, anxiety, substance use disorders, and nociception among others. Several animal models have been used to study the oxytocinergic system mechanistically, including prairie voles, mice, and rats, and genetically modified strains exist for these species. Here we describe the generation and characterization of a transgenic rat that expresses Cre recombinase in oxytocinergic neurons. Rats were generated on a Sprague-Dawley background using CRISPR and verified for the Cre recombinase gene downstream of the gene encoding oxytocin separated by a P2A sequence. Levels of mRNA for oxytocin, vasopressin, and oxytocin and vasopressin1a receptors were found to be no different between genotypes in brain and spinal cord. Oxytocin was found to be marginally decreased in the PVN and SON of Cre+ compared to wild-type littermates, with vasopressin marginally increased in spinal cord of female Cre+ rats compared to wild-type. Functional Cre expression was verified in brain using viral transfection of floxed reporter genes and using an ablative strategy by viral delivery of a floxed mutated caspase. Offspring were assessed for weight growth and a variety of behaviors, including exploratory activity, attention and impulsivity, and opioid reinforcement. Weight gain and all behaviors were similar between transgenic and wild-type littermates. These animals should prove to be a valuable resource for exploring oxytocin’s role in physiology and behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"586 ","pages":"Pages 130-143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential effects of acute and chronic fluoxetine on c-Fos expression in specific subpopulations of midbrain dopaminergic neurons","authors":"Maarten van den Buuse ,&nbsp;Kira-Elise Wilson ,&nbsp;Jennyfer M. Payet ,&nbsp;Matthew W. Hale","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies have suggested adaptive changes to dopaminergic activity in the brain may be involved in treatment effects of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor antidepressants. However, the relative importance of functionally and anatomically distinct dopaminergic cell subgroups in these effects remains unclear. We therefore used dual-label immunohistochemistry for c-Fos and tyrosine hydroxylase to study effects of acute or chronic administration of fluoxetine in midbrain and pontine dopaminergic cells. Specifically, three groups of female juvenile BALB/c mice (n = 12 each) received either 18 mg/kg/day of fluoxetine in their drinking water for twelve days followed by acute i.p. injection of saline vehicle (chronic group), or received acute i.p. administration of 18 mg/kg of fluoxetine (acute group) or saline (control group). All mice were then subjected to a three-chamber social approach paradigm which induces novelty stress. Immunohistochemistry analysis was conducted in 23 subregions of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), substantia nigra, periaqueductal gray, and dorsal raphe nucleus. The number of activated dopaminergic neurons significantly varied between dopaminergic subnuclei but was not different between the treatment groups in most of the regions. Notable exceptions were the VTA midrostrocaudal interfascicular nucleus, where the number of activated dopaminergic neurons was significantly greater in acute fluoxetine-treated mice compared to controls, and the VTA rostral linear nucleus where this number was reduced in chronic fluoxetine-treated mice. These findings show highly selective effects of fluoxetine on stress-induced cellular activation in a range of dopaminergic cell groups and may provide novel insight into the dopaminergic circuitry involved in its clinical treatment effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"586 ","pages":"Pages 196-206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional modulation of neurodegeneration and microglial activation by intravenous Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stromal cell therapy in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","authors":"Leandro C. Teixeira-Pinheiro ,&nbsp;Renata Guedes J. Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Michelle Furtado ,&nbsp;Ana B. Decotelli ,&nbsp;Juliana Ferreira Vasques ,&nbsp;Mirella Maturano ,&nbsp;Raiana Andrade Quintanilha Barbosa ,&nbsp;Fernanda Vitoria Marques da Costa ,&nbsp;Leticia R.Q. Souza ,&nbsp;Maiara Nascimento de Lima ,&nbsp;Tatiana Maron-Gutierrez ,&nbsp;Hanailly Ribeiro Gomes ,&nbsp;Marina Pizzochero ,&nbsp;Pablo Domizi ,&nbsp;Marcelo Felippe Santiago ,&nbsp;Rosalia Mendez-Otero ,&nbsp;Fernanda Gubert","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative condition characterized by rapid degeneration of motoneurons (MNs), leading to progressive muscle atrophy and, ultimately, mortality within a few years of diagnosis. Although the precise mechanisms initiating MN degeneration are not fully understood, the involvement of non-neuronal cells, including microglia, in ALS pathophysiology is increasingly recognized. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies have emerged as a promising avenue for ALS treatment, yet clinical outcomes remain variable, underscoring the necessity for additional pre-clinical investigations. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of human MSCs derived from Wharton’s jelly (WJMSC) in the female SOD1^G93A mouse model of ALS. Our results indicated that intravenous administration of WJMSC during the presymptomatic phase of the disease notably delayed the onset of motor deficits and extended the lifespan. This functional benefit was associated with the preservation of MNs in the cervical spinal cord. In the lumbar spinal cord, we did not observe MN neuroprotection, but we noted a temporary increase in microgliosis following WJMSC treatment. Our results supported the therapeutic benefits of human MSC in ALS, while also highlighting the differential responses of spinal-cord regions to the treatment during the disease progression. This study underscores the importance of targeting specific disease stages and regions for MSC therapy in ALS, paving the way for refined and potentially more effective therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"586 ","pages":"Pages 110-120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early detection of Parkinson’s disease via aptamer-CRISPR platform","authors":"Kavya Madhusudhan ,&nbsp;Aishwarya Padmanaban ,&nbsp;Venkatachalam Deepa Parvathi","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a worldwide prevalence of around 9.4 million that is expected to double by 2040. It's extended prodromal phase allows irreversible neuronal loss to occur before manifestation of symptoms. Current diagnostic approaches, primarily based on clinical assessment and neuroimaging, are often delayed and lack sensitivity in the early stages, highlighting the need for an early, conclusive, and minimally invasive test. This review focuses on the integration of CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) diagnostics with aptamers to detect PD-associated biomarkers. CRISPR systems utilising Cas12 and Cas13 enzymes offer high specificity and collateral cleavage activity that can be harnessed for signal amplification. Aptamers are short, single-stranded oligonucleotides that can be designed to identify nucleic and non-nucleic acid targets. Their fusion with CRISPR may enable the sensitive detection of key PD biomarkers such as α-Syn, dopa decarboxylase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neurofilament light chain in biological fluids like blood, CSF, urine, saliva, and sweat. We explore various strategies for aptamer-CRISPR integration, detection, and multiplexing techniques for parallel biomarker detection. We also examine existing diagnostic platforms and discuss barriers to clinical translation. Ultimately, aptamer-CRISPR diagnostics could represent a powerful, next-generation approach for early PD detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"586 ","pages":"Pages 163-195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the neuroprotective potential of hesperidin: Insights into Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Payal Chauhan, Nasir Vadia, Suhas Ballal, Kamal Kant Joshi, Laxmidhar Maharana, Ashish Singh Chauhan, Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid, Sorabh Lakhanpal, D Avinash, Kunal Thakur, Rohan Gupta, Karan Wadhwa, Govind Singh, Niraj Kumar Jha","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hesperidin is a flavonoid renowned for its significant pharmacological effects and promising therapeutic potential. It is ubiquitous in the plant kingdom and is a common constituent of our daily diets, primarily in fruits and vegetables. Several cellular and animal models have been developed to evaluate the underlying neuropharmacological mechanisms of hesperidin. Additionally, clinical evidence has also confirmed itsneuroprotectivefunction. Hesperidin exerts neuroprotective properties by attenuating neuroinflammatory, apoptotic pathways, and oxidative stress. Beyond its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory attributes, it also hampers the formation of amyloid-β protein fibrils, modulates its expression, promotes the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme, decreases glutamate excitotoxicity, improves neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, via targeting several cellular and molecular targets and pathways. This review aims to provide an overview of recent literature exploring the association between Hesperidin and Alzheimer's disease, along with its potential as a primary candidate in clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of adult neurogenesis and cognitive performance in touchscreen tasks - assessing the novel small molecule OXS-N1 in mice.","authors":"Joel Melcop, Jun Yi Ong, Sabina Ciaghi, Myrto Keramopoulou, Alexej Schatz, York Winter, Francis G Szele, Katharina Stumpenhorst","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus is well-defined in rodents, and its role in cognitive functions as well as its potential as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease remain a topic of great scientific interest. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a novel small molecule, OXS-N1, on neurogenesis and behavior in C57Bl/6 wild-type and 5xFAD Alzheimer's disease model mice, which were tested independently at different ages. Modern, home-cage based set-ups were implemented for automated, voluntary animal behavioral testing. OXS-N1 failed to enhance hippocampal cognitive functions in either cohort as assessed by two hippocampus-dependent touchscreen tasks. Contrary to previous short-term assessments, OXS-N1 also had no significant treatment effect on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in both wild-type and 5xFAD mice. We further analyzed correlations between individual mouse neurogenesis levels and behavioral performance independent of treatment. The density of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus showed no significant correlation with spatial pattern separation or reversal learning ability in the Location Discrimination task and did not affect associative memory acquisition in the Paired-Associates Learning task in either wild-type or 5xFAD mice. Our results provide further critical evidence on the complex role of adult neurogenesis for hippocampal cognition in health and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural mechanisms contributing to increased acoustic startle reactivity in Cntnap2 knock-out rats","authors":"Alice Zheng,&nbsp;Tashfin Rahman,&nbsp;Parth Patel,&nbsp;Brian L. Allman,&nbsp;Susanne Schmid","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.09.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rats with a loss-of-function mutation in the contactin-associated protein-like 2 (<em>Cntnap2</em>) gene exhibit increased acoustic startle response magnitudes, paralleling the acoustic hyperreactivity that is observed in <em>CNTNAP2</em>-associated disorders in humans, including autism spectrum disorder. Previous studies have found increased neural activity in the brainstem region that mediates the acoustic startle response, the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC). This increased neural activity was predominantly caused by increased PnC firing rates in female <em>Cntnap2</em> KO rats, whereas in male <em>Cntnap2</em> KO rats an increased number of PnC giant neurons were recruited in response to startle sounds. However, the mechanisms underlying this increased PnC activity in <em>Cntnap2</em> KO rats are currently unknown. We thus investigated potential factors that could contribute to increased PnC activity: we analyzed the expression of glutamate receptor subunits <em>Gria1</em> and <em>Gria4</em> in PnC giant neurons, given the glutamatergic nature of auditory inputs into the PnC. Additionally, we investigated the activation of cochlear root neurons (CRNs), the major input neurons to the PnC within the acoustic startle circuit. We found no differences in <em>Gria1</em> or <em>Gria4</em> mRNA levels in PnC giant neurons of <em>Cntnap2</em> KO rats, but increased CRN activation after exposure to startle sounds in KO rats. These findings indicate that at least some of the changes leading to <em>Cntnap2^-/-</em>-associated hyperreactivity occur in the cochlear nucleus and/or the cochlear nerve root.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"586 ","pages":"Pages 121-129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}