Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Neuroprotective effects of Centella asiatica against LPS/amyloid beta-induced neurodegeneration through inhibition of neuroinflammation","authors":"Saniya Ansari ,&nbsp;Vimal K. Maurya ,&nbsp;Swatantra Kumar ,&nbsp;Mohan Tiwari ,&nbsp;Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneime ,&nbsp;Shailendra K. Saxena","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.04.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protein aggregation and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation are the major contributors to the progression of neurodegeneration. Currently, available drugs for neurodegenerative diseases have limited efficacy and are associated with several side effects; suggesting a need to discover novel therapeutic agents. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of <em>C. asiatica</em> against amyloid beta (A<em>β</em>) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced neurodegeneration using human microglia and neuronal cell-based models. To identify potential molecular targets of <em>C. asiatica,</em> network pharmacology-based approaches were used along with molecular docking, followed by experimental validation via indirect ELISA, Western blotting, and indirect immunofluorescence assays. Our results from network pharmacology, molecular docking, and cell-based models, exhibited that AKT1, TNF-<em>α</em>, STAT3, CASP3, PTGS2, MAPK1, APP, and NF-κB are the potential molecular targets of <em>C. asiatica</em>. Further, we have found that <em>C. asiatica</em> treatment reduces LPS/A<em>β</em>-induced cell death, NO production, and LDH release in microglia and neuronal cells. The anti-neuroinflammatory effect of <em>C. asiatica</em> was further observed via the reduction of LPS, A<em>β</em>, and LPS+A<em>β</em>-induced neuroinflammatory markers; TNF-<em>α</em>, IL6, IL-1<em>β</em>, AKT1, INOS, NF-κB, MAPK3, and PTGS2 in microglia cells. Moreover, neurodegenerative and apoptotic markers; APP, <em>α</em>-syn, P-tau STAT3, and CASP3 were reduced upon <em>C. asiatica</em> treatment in neuronal cells, suggesting its neuroprotective properties. For the first time, we have shown the neuroprotective effects of <em>C. asiatica</em> against LPS, A<em>β</em>, and LPS+A<em>β</em> −induced neurodegeneration via inhibition of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative markers. The outcomes of the study suggested that <em>C. asiatica</em> could be a promising candidate for neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"575 ","pages":"Pages 19-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning for cerebral vascular occlusion segmentation: A novel ConvNeXtV2 and GRN-integrated U-Net framework for diffusion-weighted imaging","authors":"Suat Ince ,&nbsp;Ismail Kunduracioglu ,&nbsp;Ali Algarni ,&nbsp;Bilal Bayram ,&nbsp;Ishak Pacal","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cerebral vascular occlusion is a serious condition that can lead to stroke and permanent neurological damage due to insufficient oxygen and nutrients reaching brain tissue. Early diagnosis and accurate segmentation are critical for effective treatment planning. Due to its high soft tissue contrast, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is commonly used for detecting these occlusions such as ischemic stroke. However, challenges such as low contrast, noise, and heterogeneous lesion structures in MRI images complicate manual segmentation and often lead to misinterpretations. As a result, deep learning-based Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems are essential for faster and more accurate diagnosis and treatment methods, although they can sometimes face challenges such as high computational costs and difficulties in segmenting small or irregular lesions. This study proposes a novel U-Net architecture enhanced with ConvNeXtV2 blocks and GRN-based Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) to address these challenges in cerebral vascular occlusion segmentation. This is the first application of ConvNeXtV2 in this domain. The proposed model significantly improves segmentation accuracy, even in low-contrast regions, while maintaining high computational efficiency, which is crucial for real-world clinical applications. To reduce false positives and improve overall accuracy, small lesions (≤5 pixels) were removed in the preprocessing step with the support of expert clinicians. Experimental results on the ISLES 2022 dataset showed superior performance with an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 0.8015 and a Dice coefficient of 0.8894. Comparative analyses indicate that the proposed model achieves higher segmentation accuracy than existing U-Net variants and other methods, offering a promising solution for clinical use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"574 ","pages":"Pages 42-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding goal-habit brain networks of OCD from the structural and functional connectivity","authors":"Haocheng Chen ,&nbsp;Xiao dong Chen ,&nbsp;Minyao Xie ,&nbsp;Xuedi Zhang ,&nbsp;Shasha Song ,&nbsp;Huan Zhang ,&nbsp;Ping zhou ,&nbsp;Na Liu ,&nbsp;Ning Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) may involve an imbalance between goal-directed and habitual learning systems, and this study investigates the structural and functional brain networks underpinning these systems in OCD. Using predefined brain regions, structural and functional connectivity networks were constructed, and methods such as network-based statistics, average connectivity strength, structural–functional coupling, and partial least squares path modeling were employed to compare OCD patients and healthy controls. The results revealed that OCD patients showed increased structural connectivity within both the goal-directed and habitual learning networks, particularly in the subnetwork that connects these systems. However, functional connectivity strength was reduced in both the habitual learning network and the subnetwork connecting goal-directed and habitual learning systems. The symptoms of ordering and hoarding are, to some extent, correlated with the structural–functional coupling network and network characteristics. These findings suggest that alterations in both structural and functional brain networks underpin goal-directed and habitual learning in OCD, with increased structural connectivity potentially reflecting compensatory mechanisms, while reduced functional connectivity may contribute to the symptoms of OCD. Further research is required to better understand the complex interplay between these learning systems in OCD, considering symptom heterogeneity and disease’s progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"575 ","pages":"Pages 63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dual-target repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with minimally conscious state: A preliminary study","authors":"Yanhua Li ,&nbsp;Ye Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Wan ,&nbsp;Xiao Yan ,&nbsp;Weiqun Song","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising neuromodulation therapy that facilitates recovery in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDOC). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dual-target rTMS in treating patients with minimally conscious state (MCS). A total of 20 MCS patients were recruited and randomly assigned to either the real or sham stimulation group. Participants received 10 Hz rTMS targeting the left prefrontal and parietal cortices for 10 consecutive days. The Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) and resting-state EEG were recorded, with relative power spectral density and coherence subsequently computed. Additionally, behavioral assessments were conducted over a six-month follow-up period. Our findings indicate that 10 Hz dual-target rTMS enhances brain oscillatory activity in the frontal, central, and parietal lobes. Specifically, the treatment resulted in a reduction in delta-band activity and an increase in alpha-band activity in the frontal lobes, as well as an elevation in alpha-band power in the central and parietal region. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in the sham stimulation group. Meanwhile, in the real stimulation group, long-distance coherence (F3-P4) exhibited increased in alpha-band. These findings suggest that enhanced oscillatory activity and EEG functional connectivity may underlie the modulatory effects of dual-target rTMS. Additionally, a combined prefrontal and parietal cortex approach is another viable option in rTMS protocols for patients with pDOC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"573 ","pages":"Pages 460-467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agonists for glutamate, acetylcholine, and orexin cause non-photic phase shifts when applied to the intergeniculate leaflet","authors":"Mahtab Moshirpour ,&nbsp;Katelyn G. Horsley ,&nbsp;Susana Puche Saud ,&nbsp;Chantelle McCance ,&nbsp;Maeve Scotland ,&nbsp;Michael C. Antle","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) and its neurotransmitter, Neuropeptide Y, are both necessary and sufficient inputs to the SCN to mediate non-photic phase shifting of circadian rhythms. In this study we examined what arousal inputs might participate in activation of the IGL during a non-photic manipulation. The ACh agonist carbachol caused non-photic phase shifts when applied to the IGL at CT6, but blocking ACh muscarinic receptors in the IGL with atropine did not attenuate phase shifts to a 3 h sleep deprivation (SD) procedure during the midday. Orexin, an important arousal neuropeptide, densely innervates the IGL. Pretreatment with the dual OX1/OX2 receptor antagonist MK-6096 did not attenuate phase shifts to 3 h midday SD. When injected into the IGL alone, orexin produced small and inconsistent phase shifts that overall did not differ significantly from vehicle control. The glutamate agonist NMDA caused non-photic-like phase shifts when applied to the IGL. While a cocktail of both carbachol and NMDA inhibited each other’s phase shifting effects, a cocktail that included orexin, carbachol and NMDA reversed this inhibition and yielded the largest phase shifts of all. This suggests that the IGL is likely activated by numerous convergent arousal inputs during a phase-shifting non-photic manipulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"574 ","pages":"Pages 114-123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pterostilben upregulates GAD67-mediated GABA synthesis in hippocampal parvalbumin-positive cells","authors":"Yuki Kajita,&nbsp;Ko Ono,&nbsp;Saya Kaneda,&nbsp;Hajime Mushiake","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and purpose</h3><div>Pterostilbene (PTE, 3,5-dimethoxy-4′-hydroxystilbene) is a naturally occurring polyphenol which has antiepileptic properties, and can be utilized as a prophylaxis in patients with seizures and who are at risk of developing epilepsy. However, the effects of PTE on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated (GABAergic) nervous system are poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PTE on the GABAergic neurons.</div></div><div><h3>Experimental approach</h3><div>Male Long-Evans rats were orally administered PTE (200 mg/kg, 5 % Tween 80 in saline) for 10 days using a plastic sonde. The control group was treated with 5 % Tween 80 in saline in a similar manner. Approximately 24 h after the last treatment, we fixed and removed the brains and examined GABA, GAD67, and GAD65 expression in the hippocampal layers using immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, changed GAD expression was compared between the two main GABAergic subtypes, PV⁺ and SOM⁺ cells.</div></div><div><h3>Key results</h3><div>We demonstrated that PTE treatment increased GABA expression in the hippocampus. These effects can be attributed to GAD67-mediated GABA synthesis in the PV⁺ cells.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and implications</h3><div>Our results uncovered that PTE increased GABA synthesis, suggesting that PTE has potential as a prophylactic drug for patients at risk of developing epilepsy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"573 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the nexus: Sleep disorders, circadian dysregulation, and Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Pratima Khandayataray ,&nbsp;Meesala Krishna Murthy","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We reviewed the connections among Alzheimer’s disease (AD), sleep deprivation, and circadian rhythm disorders. Evidence is mounting that disrupted sleep and abnormal circadian rhythms are not merely symptoms of AD, but are also involved in accelerating the disease. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulates, a feature of AD, and worsens with sleep deprivation because glymphatic withdrawal is required to clear toxic proteins from the brain. In addition, disturbances in circadian rhythm can contribute to the induction of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, thereby accelerating neurodegenerative processes. While these interactions are bidirectional, Alzheimer’s pathology further disrupts sleep and circadian function in a vicious cycle that worsens cognitive decline, which is emphasized in the review. The evidence that targeting sleep and circadian mechanisms may serve as therapeutic strategies for AD was strengthened by this study through the analysis of the molecular and physiological pathways. Further work on this nexus could help unravel the neurobiological mechanisms common to the onset of Alzheimer’s and disrupted sleep and circadian regulation, which could result in earlier intervention to slow or prevent the onset of the disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"574 ","pages":"Pages 21-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiration triggered trans-spinal magnetic stimulation in healthy subjects","authors":"Ming-Yue Ren ,&nbsp;Li-Min Liou ,&nbsp;Kun-Ze Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Respiratory muscle dysfunction is usually observed in several neurological and pulmonary disorders. Consequently, it is essential to develop a clinically applicable strategy aimed at enhancing diaphragm excitability. The main objective of this study is to establish a respiration triggered trans-spinal magnetic stimulation protocol, and compare diaphragmatic motor evoked potentials during expiration-inspiration vs. inspiration-expiration transition. Bilateral diaphragm electromyograms were monitored in response to trans-spinal magnetic stimulation triggered by respiratory signals detected by the respiratory belt attached on the chest in 11 males and 10 females. The results demonstrated that bilateral diaphragmatic motor evoked potentials induced by trans-spinal magnetic stimulation gradually increased with increasing stimulation intensity in both male and female subjects. The response of diaphragmatic motor evoked potentials was greater when the stimulation was applied during inspiration-expiration transition in males; however, the modulatory effect of respiratory phase transition during trans-spinal magnetic stimulation was not observed in females. These findings suggested that respiration triggered trans-spinal magnetic stimulation is a feasible and non-invasively approach for selectively activating spinal circuits at a specific time point of the respiratory cycle to effectively induce greater diaphragmatic motor evoked potentials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"574 ","pages":"Pages 74-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analog of phenelzine demonstrates effective acrolein scavenging and neuroprotection without monoamine oxidase inhibition in a rat SCI model","authors":"Siyuan Sun ,&nbsp;Ran Tian ,&nbsp;Anna Alford ,&nbsp;David Yin ,&nbsp;Riyi Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxidative stress is widely recognized as a critical factor in the functional deficits after spinal cord injury (SCI). Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes such as acrolein are known to play a key role in SCI pathology and have therefore emerged as valuable therapeutic targets. This study introduces a novel phenelzine analogue (PhzA), designed to retain the acrolein scavenging capability of phenelzine (Phz) while removing its undesirable monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition effects through structure-based modification. Using a rat model of contusion SCI, we showed that PhzA significantly reduced acrolein levels in both the acute and chronic stages of SCI with minimal MAO inhibition. In addition, PhzA reduced excessive microglial and astrocytic activation, dampening inflammation and gliosis. Furthermore, PhzA-treated rats exhibited significant improvements in motor function and reduction in mechanical hypersensitivity for up to 28 days post-injury compared to untreated rats. These findings further underscore the crucial role of aldehydes in SCI pathology and strengthen the notion that acrolein could serve as an effective therapeutic target for mitigating post-SCI neurodegeneration. These results also indicate that the expansion of acrolein-scavenging drug discovery through structure-based modification of existing repurposed drugs, such as with Phz, is a viable strategy with the benefit of a likely accelerated path towards clinical application. This effort may also benefit a range of neuronal diseases and injuries beyond SCI where acrolein is implicated, advancing the health of millions of patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"574 ","pages":"Pages 54-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive gray matter alterations in the Meige’s syndrome and across sub-types","authors":"Haoran Zhang ,&nbsp;Ning Wang ,&nbsp;Chen Yao ,&nbsp;Dawei Meng ,&nbsp;Jiatai Lin ,&nbsp;Hailiang Shen ,&nbsp;Qinxiu Cheng ,&nbsp;Jinping Xu ,&nbsp;Lin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Meige Syndrome (MS) is a form of segmental dystonia, categorized into four subtypes. The common and specific neuro-mechanisms among these subtypes remain to be elucidated. Herein, 3D T1-weighted MRI images were obtained from 159 patients with primary MS (31 with MS-I, 92 with MS-II, and 36 with MS-IV). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM), surface-based morphometry (SBM), and causal structural covariance network (CaSCN) were utilized to investigate morphological variations and causal relationships in structural changes across subtypes. The study revealed a decremental trend in gray matter volume (GMV) of the right precentral gyrus (PreCG.R), right calcarine cortex (CAL.R), left parietal association cortex (PAL.L), and left hippocampus (HIP.L) from MS-I to MS-IV, which negatively correlated with BFMDRS scores. The progression of GMV atrophy was followed by a trajectory from HIP.L to PAL.L with disease duration and from PAL.R to HIP.L/CAL.L/PreCG.R with increasing BFMDRS scores. Support vector machine (SVM) analysis indicated that these GMV changes might be served as potential biomarkers for diagnosing MS subtypes, with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.935, 0.864, and 0.882, respectively. The results suggest that the PreCG.R is a key region affected early in MS, with GMV reductions extending to other brain areas as the disease progresses, indicating a hierarchy of structural brain changes associated with disease duration in MS progression. Our study further provides evidence for the association of MS with extensive gray matter abnormalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"573 ","pages":"Pages 451-459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}