Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Spinal maps in phasic and tonic EMG: Investigating intra-subject and inter-subject variability","authors":"Valentina Lanzani,&nbsp;Cristina Brambilla,&nbsp;Alessandro Scano","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reaching movements are essential for daily tasks and they have been widely investigated through kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic (EMG) analyses. Recent studies have suggested that the central nervous system simplifies control of reaching movements by using muscle synergies. An alternative approach is to investigate how EMG activity reflects at the<!--> <!-->neural level with the representation of spinal maps that visualize the spatiotemporal activity of motoneuronal pools. Spinal maps have been rarely used and their investigation could be made by exploiting recent findings in EMG processing such as the separation of phasic (motion-related) and tonic components (anti-gravity). In this study, we aimed at characterizing spinal maps in the upper limb workspace. EMG data from 15 participants were recorded during repeated point-to-point movements toward target boards placed in five orientations. EMG waveforms were divided into total EMG envelope, tonic EMG, and phasic EMG. The multidimensional Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to assess the<!--> <!-->similarity of spinal maps among repetitions of movements within subjects (intra-subject variability) and among participants (inter-subject variability). Spinal maps of tonic and total EMG showed high intra- and inter-subject similarity in all planes, while phasic spinal maps were less repeatable and more subject-specific. These results may be useful as a<!--> <!-->reference for rehabilitation, clinical, and neurological evaluations, especially for longitudinal assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"564 ","pages":"Pages 83-96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anesthetic-like effects of ketamine in C. elegans","authors":"Katariina Seppälä ,&nbsp;Inés Reigada ,&nbsp;Olli Matilainen ,&nbsp;Tomi Rantamäki ,&nbsp;Leena Hanski","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transparency of <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> enables microscopic <em>in vivo</em> imaging of cellular processes, but immobilization is required due to high locomotor activity. Here, anesthetic-like effects of dissociate anesthetic ketamine in adult <em>C. elegans</em> are presented using video recordings and infrared-based automated activity tracking. Ketamine caused a reversible blockade of locomotion at a similar concentration (20–50 mM) at which conventionally used immobilizing agent sodium azide (NaN₃) produces paralysis. The levels of immobilization at 20 mM ketamine enabled fluorescent and brightfield imaging. The worms’ locomotory activity recovered fully after ketamine exposure and no acute toxicity was observed. However, a marked chemosensation deficiency was noted immediately after 20 mM ketamine exposure. Short-term ketamine treatment did not show signs of SKN-1 (skinhead-1) activation, a marker of the stress response associated with NaN_3. In sum, our results show ketamine’s potential as a non-toxic nematode immobilizing agent and rationalize <em>C. elegans</em> as a model organism to understand its pharmacology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"564 ","pages":"Pages 79-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in diagnostic imaging and interventional treatment of aphasia after basal ganglia stroke","authors":"Xinyue-Cheng ,&nbsp;Wenjing-Gu ,&nbsp;Xuewei-Li ,&nbsp;Yuchen Liang ,&nbsp;Dehong-Liu ,&nbsp;Hongwei-Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Post-stroke basal ganglia aphasia is an unusual and transient form of aphasia resulting from basal ganglia damage. It is commonly believed that the generation of language function primarily resides in regular language regions of the brain; however, recent findings indicate a prevalence of basal ganglia stroke aphasia as high as 22%. Subcortical structures (e.g., basal ganglia) also play an important role in language processing. Aphasia seriously affects the quality of life and functional outcomes of patients, and early diagnosis and intervention are important for the prognosis of and rehabilitation from aphasia after basal ganglia stroke. In recent years, the main diagnostic methods for basal ganglia aphasia include diffusion tensor imaging, diffusion spectral imaging, and functional magnetic resonance imaging, which explore the changes in patients with basal ganglia aphasia compared to those without from the perspectives of fiber tract imaging and brain function alteration, respectively, and are able to predict the recovery of patients before and after treatment. Treatment for post-stroke basal ganglia aphasia includes transcranial magnetic stimulation, a recent emerging therapeutic technique, in addition to conventional medications and speech rehabilitation. Consequently, understanding this condition is crucial. This review delves into its causes, imaging methods, and therapeutic interventions, offering a systematic and comprehensive analysis of these aspects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"564 ","pages":"Pages 160-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How the brain differentiates human and monkey faces: Neuromagnetic evidence from spatiotemporal dynamics","authors":"Emi Yamada ,&nbsp;Akinori Takeda ,&nbsp;Hisato Nakazono ,&nbsp;Mutsuhide Tanaka ,&nbsp;Katsuya Ogata ,&nbsp;Shozo Tobimatsu","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Face recognition is an important aspect of human non-verbal communication. Event-related potentials or magnetic fields, such as the N170/M170 component, are considered essential neural markers of face processing. Compared to upright human faces, inverted human faces and upright but not inverted animal faces cause longer latencies and larger amplitudes of these components. However, the mechanisms underlying this factor remain unclear. To elucidate the spatiotemporal dynamics of the processing of inverted human and animal faces, we recorded face-selective responses (M170) to upright and inverted human and monkey faces using a 306-channel whole-head magnetoencephalography. Sensor analysis showed an increased M170 latency and amplitude for inverted human and upright animal faces. However, in the source analysis, the observed modulations of the estimated spatiotemporal dynamics were different from the sensor results: irrespective of species, upright faces activated wider areas in the ventral and dorsal visual regions compared with inverted faces. Additionally, face orientation differentially modulated the anterior region of the fusiform gyrus (FG) in both face categories. These results suggest that spatiotemporal dynamics differ in face orientation regardless of category and that the FG contributes little or nothing to the M170 modulation recorded in the scalp sensor. Furthermore, we demonstrated that inverted human and animal faces are processed via different mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"565 ","pages":"Pages 80-90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep deprivation impairs spatial cognitive processing and Alters brain connectivity in table tennis athletes","authors":"Ziyi Peng ,&nbsp;Zexuan Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Xu ,&nbsp;Yongcong Shao ,&nbsp;Fubing Jiao ,&nbsp;Jing Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spatial cognitive ability is critical for table tennis athletes to achieve excellent competitive performance, and sleep may be an important factor influencing this ability. This study investigated the impact of 36h sleep deprivation on the spatial cognitive processing of 20 s-level table tennis athletes, using event-related potentials and functional connectivity analysis to assess changes in cognitive resource allocation and inter-regional brain coordination before and after sleep deprivation. The results showed that sleep deprivation significantly prolonged reaction time and led to a decrease in P3 amplitude, reflecting a reduction in participants’ attentional resource allocation and cognitive processing capacity. Functional connectivity analysis further revealed that β frequency band functional connectivity between the frontal and occipital regions significantly decreased after sleep deprivation, indicating reduced brain efficiency in processing spatial information. After 36 h of SD, the spatial cognitive ability of table tennis athletes was impaired. SD not only led to a reduction in the allocation of attentional resources and cognitive processing capabilities in these athletes, but also weakened functional connectivity between the frontal and occipital lobes of the brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"564 ","pages":"Pages 13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astrocytic calcium signals modulate exercise-induced fatigue in mice.","authors":"Liyang Xiang, Yulu Zhao, XinRui Li, Ran Shi, Zhou Wen, Xiaohang Xu, Yifan Hu, Qianyun Xu, Yaodan Chen, Jin Ma, Weida Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exercise-induced fatigue (EF) is characterized by a decline in maximal voluntary muscle force following prolonged physical activity, influenced by both peripheral and central factors. Central fatigue involves complex interactions within the central nervous system (CNS), where astrocytes play a crucial role. This study explores the impact of astrocytic calcium signals on EF. We used adeno-associated viruses to express GCaMP7b in astrocytes of the dorsal striatum in mice, allowing us to monitor calcium dynamics. Our findings reveal that EF significantly increases the frequency of spontaneous astrocytic calcium signals. Utilizing genetic tools to either enhance or reduce astrocytic calcium signaling, we observed corresponding decreases and increases in exercise-induced fatigue time, respectively. Furthermore, modulation of astrocytic calcium signals influenced corticostriatal synaptic plasticity, with increased signals impairing and decreased signals ameliorating long-term depression (LTD). These results highlight the pivotal role of astrocytic calcium signaling in the regulation of exercise-induced fatigue and synaptic plasticity in the striatum.</p>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the efficacy of updated drugs for the treatment on the improvement of cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer ’s disease: A systematic review and network meta- analysis","authors":"Weili Cao,&nbsp;Bo Zhu,&nbsp;Zhiqin Liu,&nbsp;Xiaotao Jia,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhao,&nbsp;Naibing Gu,&nbsp;Hongye Chang,&nbsp;Jing Xi,&nbsp;Rong Li,&nbsp;Kun Guo,&nbsp;Jia Shen,&nbsp;Le Ding,&nbsp;Fanya Sun,&nbsp;Zhengli Di","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The recent emergence of updated drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has produced encouraging cognitive and clinical results in clinical trials, but there is still controversy over how to choose effective treatment options among these numerous drugs. The purpose of this network meta-analysis (NMA) is to compare and rank these drugs based on their efficacy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We systematically searched in PubMed, Web of Science databases and Cochrane LIbrary, gov for randomized controlled trials for data from 2020 to 2024, and then performed a random-effect network meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our NMA results showed that in several main indicators ADAS-cog, CDR-SB and ADCS-ADL. GV-971 (MD −2.36, 95 % CI −5.08, 0.35), Lecanemab (MD −2.00, 95 % CI −5.25, 1.26), Donanemab (MD −1.45, 95 % CI −4.70, 1.81), Masupirdine (MD −0.83, 95 % CI −3.49, 1.84) were more effective than placebo in improving ADAS-cog. In terms of CDR-SB, Lecanemab (MD −3.11,95 % CI −5.23, −0.99) was more effective. Compared with placebo, Donanemab was more effective in ADCS-ADL (MD 3.26,95 % CI 1.48,5.05). SUCRA values showed that GV-971 (76.1 % and 68.7 %) could achieve better therapeutic effects in ADAS-cog) and NPI, and Lecanema (98.1 %) was more effective in improving CDR-SB scores than other drugs. Donanemab (99.8 %) may be the most promising way to slow down the decline in ADCS-ADL scores. The effect of Masupirdine (80.7 %) on MMSE was significantly better than that of several other drugs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Donanemab and Lecanemab showed good efficacy in ADCS-ADL and CDR-SB, respectively. GV-971 is the best choice to improve ADAS cogs and NPI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"565 ","pages":"Pages 29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical brain network topology of the triple network and cortico-subcortical network in autism spectrum disorder","authors":"Jun-Sa Zhu ,&nbsp;Qi Gong ,&nbsp;Mei-Ting Zhao ,&nbsp;Yun Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and central executive control network (CEN) form the well-known triple network, providing a framework for understanding various neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. However, the topology of this network remains unclear in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To gain a more profound understanding of ASD, we explored the topology of the triple network in ASD. Additionally, the striatum and thalamus are pivotal centres of information transmission within the brain, and the realization of various brain functions requires the coordination of cortical and subcortical structures. Therefore, we also investigated the topology of the cortico-subcortical network in ASD, which consists of the DMN, SN, CEN, striatum, and thalamus. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data on 208 ASD patients and 278 typically developing (TD) controls (8–18 years old) were obtained from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database. We performed graph theory analysis on the triple network and the cortico-subcortical network. The results showed that the triple network’s clustering coefficient, lambda, and network local efficiency values were significantly lower in ASD, and the nodal degree and efficiency of the medial prefrontal cortex also decreased. For the cortico-subcortical network, the sigma, clustering coefficient, gamma, and network local efficiency showed the same reduction, and the altered clustering coefficient negatively correlated with ASD manifestations. In addition, the interaction between the DMN and CEN was more robust in ASD patients. These findings enhance our understanding of ASD and suggest that subcortical structures should be more considered in future ASD related studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"564 ","pages":"Pages 21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral microbleeds linked to structural network disruption and cognitive impairment in white matter hyperintensities","authors":"Jiabin Yin ,&nbsp;Xia Zhou ,&nbsp;Yali Chen ,&nbsp;Yue Sun ,&nbsp;Chaojuan Huang ,&nbsp;Yating Tang ,&nbsp;Wenhao Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqun Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhongwu Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to explore the relationship between the cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and white matter structural network in patients with white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), and the correlation with the cognitive impairment.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>One hundred and fifty-eight participants with WMHs underwent 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging scans and neuropsychological assessment. The grouping method included count grading with categories: non-CMBs (n-CMBs), CMBs &lt; 5, and CMBs ≥ 5. Additionally, the distribution of CMBs was considered, distinguishing between strictly lobar CMBs (SL-CMBs) and deep or infratentorial CMBs (DI-CMBs). Diffusion tensor imaging was employed to construct the white matter structural network for each participant. Subsequently, we analyzed the correlations between the topological parameters of network and cognitive performance in individuals with CMBs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with n-CMBs group, both CMBs ≥ 5 and DI-CMBs participants exhibited a significant decreased in global efficiency and increased in characteristic path length. Moreover, in the nodal network metrics, the CMBs ≥ 5 showed the left middle occipital gyrus (MOG.L) of nodal efficiency and nodal shortest path correlated with SCWT-A and MMSE, while in the DI-CMBs groups, the left cuneus (CUN.L) of nodal shortest path correlated with SCWT-A. However, there were no significant neuropsychological correlations observed in the SL-CMBs and CMBs &lt; 5 groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this study, patients with a high count (≥5) of CMBs or DI-CMBs are associated with disruptions in the microstructure of the white matter structural network, partially impacting the visual network of occipital lobe and affecting the cognitive function of information processing speed and attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"564 ","pages":"Pages 31-40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined graph convolutional networks with a multi-connection pattern to identify tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease and Essential tremor with resting tremor","authors":"Xiaole Zhao ,&nbsp;Pan Xiao ,&nbsp;Honge Gui ,&nbsp;Bintao Xu ,&nbsp;Hongyu Wang ,&nbsp;Li Tao ,&nbsp;Huiyue Chen ,&nbsp;Hansheng Wang ,&nbsp;Fajin Lv ,&nbsp;Tianyou Luo ,&nbsp;Oumei Cheng ,&nbsp;Jing Luo ,&nbsp;Yun Man ,&nbsp;Zheng Xiao ,&nbsp;Weidong Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Essential tremor with resting tremor (rET) and tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease (tPD) share many similar clinical symptoms, leading to frequent misdiagnoses. Functional connectivity (FC) matrix analysis derived from resting-state functional MRI (Rs-fMRI) offers a promising approach for early diagnosis and for exploring FC network pathogenesis in rET and tPD. However, methods relying solely on a single connection pattern may overlook the complementary roles of different connectivity patterns, resulting in reduced diagnostic differentiation. Therefore, we propose a multi-pattern connection Graph Convolutional Network (MCGCN) method to integrate information from various connection modes, distinguishing between rET and healthy controls (HC), tPD and HC, and rET and tPD. We constructed FC matrices using three different connectivity modes for each subject and used these as inputs to the MCGCN model for disease classification. The classification performance of the model was evaluated for each connectivity mode. Subsequently, gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) was used to identify the most discriminative brain regions. The important brain regions identified were primarily distributed within cerebellar-motor and non-motor cortical networks. Compared with single-pattern GCN, our proposed MCGCN model demonstrated superior classification accuracy, underscoring the advantages of integrating multiple connectivity modes. Specifically, the model achieved an average accuracy of 88.0% for distinguishing rET from HC, 88.8% for rET from tPD, and 89.6% for tPD from HC. Our findings indicate that combining graph convolutional networks with multi-connection patterns can not only effectively discriminate between tPD, rET, and HC but also enhance our understanding of the functional network mechanisms underlying rET and tPD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19142,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience","volume":"563 ","pages":"Pages 239-251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}