Decoding the neuroprotective potential of hesperidin: Insights into Alzheimer's disease.

Hesperidin is a flavonoid renowned for its significant pharmacological effects and promising therapeutic potential. It is ubiquitous in the plant kingdom and is a common constituent of our daily diets, primarily in fruits and vegetables. Several cellular and animal models have been developed to evaluate the underlying neuropharmacological mechanisms of hesperidin. Additionally, clinical evidence has also confirmed itsneuroprotectivefunction. Hesperidin exerts neuroprotective properties by attenuating neuroinflammatory, apoptotic pathways, and oxidative stress. Beyond its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory attributes, it also hampers the formation of amyloid-β protein fibrils, modulates its expression, promotes the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme, decreases glutamate excitotoxicity, improves neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, via targeting several cellular and molecular targets and pathways. This review aims to provide an overview of recent literature exploring the association between Hesperidin and Alzheimer's disease, along with its potential as a primary candidate in clinical applications.