Neurological Research最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of a Benzofuran-Enaminone derivative for the management of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathology in rats through regulating the expression of apoptosis and AD-related genes.","authors":"Hanan F Aly, Ghadha Ibrahim Fouad, Wagdy K B Khalil, Nahla N Kamel, Nagy S El-Rigal, Kawkab A Ahmed, Dalia A Taha, Mohamed B Shalaby, Somaia S Abd El-Karim, Doha H Abou Baker, Maha Z Rizk","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2520021","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2520021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disorder. There is currently no promising cure for AD; the available treatments can only alleviate the symptoms.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The Benzofuran-Enaminone derivative '(E)-1-(benzofuran-2-yl)-3-((2-hydroxyphenyl)amino)prop-2-en-1-one (5)' was synthesized as a potential anti-AD candidate in Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃)-induced AD in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In vivo and in vitro acute and chronic studies were conducted to examine the potential toxicity, as well as the antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities of compound 5. Then, rats were divided into four groups: (1) negative control; (2) AD-induced rats; (3) AD-induced rats treated with compound 5; and (4) AD-induced rats treated with Donepezil. Behavioral, biochemical, and molecular investigations were conducted. The expression of insulin 1 gene, apoptotic genes, and the AD-related genes were estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The selected dose of compound 5 (10 mg/kg) was based on an acute toxicity test, then it was applied for a chronic study for 1 month; no toxicological features were stimulated. In vitro, compound 5 demonstrated antioxidant and anti-AChE activities. The expression of apoptotic genes (Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3), AD-related genes (Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Tau), and the insulin 1 gene were altered in AD-induced rats versus control rats. Treatment of AD rats with compound 5 counteracted the AlCl₃-induced neurotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study could be regarded as an initial step in drug discovery for testing this new chemical entity as a potent anti-AD therapeutic agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential neuroprotective mechanisms of rosemary and carnosic acid in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.","authors":"Wanxian Li, Cuiying Liu, Can Xu, Hang Hang, Yan Meng, Heng Zhao, Rongping Zhang","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2520014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2520014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Rosemary is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb recognized for its therapeutic potential in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Its primary active constituent, carnosic acid, has been shown to reduce infarct volume in ischemic stroke models. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of rosemary and carnosic acid, and their specific actions in ischemic stroke remain incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of rosemary and carnosic acid using a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion model, and predicted their mechanisms of action network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches, with key targets subsequently validated using quantitative PCR analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that both rosemary and carnosic acid significantly reduced infarct volume and improved neurological function. Rosemary treatment increased spleen weight, suggesting a potential immunomodulatory role, whereas carnosic acid had no significant effect on spleen weight. Network pharmacology analysis indicated that rosemary regulated multiple molecular pathways, including the VEGF, PI3K-Akt, and TNF signaling pathways, while carnosic acid primarily influenced pathways associated with apoptosis and inflammation. Molecular docking and qPCR validation further demonstrated that carnosic acid modulated apoptosis through key targets such as TNF-α, TP53, MMP9, and PPARG.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rosemary and carnosic acid exert neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through distinct mechanisms, demonstrating their potential as complementary therapeutic agents for ischemic stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential expression of D2 receptor isoforms in the mesocorticolimbic system after treatment with modafinil and its rewarding combination with citalopram in rats.","authors":"Luz M Molina-Martínez, Jesús E Yepez, Jorge Juárez","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2521714","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2521714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychostimulants induce neuroplastic changes in the mesocorticolimbic system associated with the expression of the D2 receptor, which has two isoforms: D2long (D2L) and D2short (D2S). These isoforms seem to participate differentially in the plasticity changes induced by psychostimulants; however, the expression changes of this receptor induced by these substances remain unclear. Psychostimulants have a mechanism that involves the participation of monoamines, and there is evidence that the dopamine activation by modafinil (MOD) in combination with the serotonin activation by citalopram (CIT) enhances psychostimulant-like effects for this combination.</p><p><strong>Objetive: </strong>The present study was designed to characterize the expression of the D2S, D2L isoforms and tyrosine hydroxylase in the medial prefrontal cortex, ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum of rats previously treated with modafinil alone or in combination with citalopram.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results show that MOD alone and co-administered with CIT induce overexpression of D2S and D2L in the ventral pallidum, and only the pretreatment with 60 mg MOD + 3 mg CIT generated a higher expression of D2L in the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral tegmental area. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression was reduced only with 60MOD +5 mg CIT in the nucleus accumbens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that MOD, alone or co-administered with CIT, produces differential changes in the D2R isoforms that coincide with the psychostimulant effects of these substances. This research highlights the importance of further exploring the expression and function of D2 receptors and their two isoforms, as such analyses will allow us to infer the pre- and post-synaptic modulation of these receptors on the reward system.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformer-augmented lightweight U-Net (UAAC-Net) for accurate MRI brain tumor segmentation.","authors":"Nisha Elsa Varghese, Ansamma John, Usha Devi Amma C, Manu J Pillai","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2517312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2517312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate segmentation of brain tumor images, particularly gliomas in MRI scans, is crucial for early diagnosis, monitoring progression, and evaluating tumor structure and therapeutic response. A novel lightweight, transformer-based U-Net model for brain tumor segmentation, integrating attention mechanisms and multi-layer feature extraction via atrous convolution to capture long-range relationships and contextual information across image regions is proposed in this work. The model performance is evaluated on the publicly accessible BraTS 2020 dataset using evaluation metrics such as the Dice coefficient, accuracy, mean Intersection over Union (IoU), sensitivity, and specificity. The proposed model outperforms many of the existing methods, such as MimicNet, Swin Transformer-based UNet and hybrid multiresolution-based UNet, and is capable of handling a variety of segmentation issues. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model acheives an accuracy of 98.23%, a Dice score of 0.9716, and a mean IoU of 0.8242 during training when compared to the current state-of-the-art methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of cervical skeletal muscle index in early and late phases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","authors":"Yuksel Erdal, Abdullah Soydan Mahmutoglu, Nurettin Yavuz, Ozdes Mahmutoglu, Ufuk Emre","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2520010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2520010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) can be challenging when clinical and electrophysiological findings are insufficient. We aimed to investigate the potential role of cervical Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI), as a supportive diagnostic marker in ALS, particularly in relation to disease duration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 22 ALS patients and 25 age- and sex-matched controls were retrospectively included. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of cervical muscles was measured on axial T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the C3 vertebra level. SMI was calculated by normalizing the total CSA to patient height (mm²/m²). ALS patients were stratified based on the timing of MRI: within six months of symptom onset and after six months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences in age, sex, BMI, or total muscle volume between patients and controls. Although mean SMI was slightly lower in ALS patients (<i>p</i> = 0.177), this difference was not statistically significant. Among ALS patients, those who underwent MRI more than six months after symptom onset had significantly lower SMI values compared to both those who underwent MRI within six months and controls (respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.014, <i>p</i> = 0.018). No significant SMI difference was observed between ALS patients who underwent MRI within six months and controls (<i>p</i> = 0.626).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cervical SMI measurements at the C3 vertebral level may support ALS diagnosis, particularly in patients with longer disease duration. SMI may also provide insight into early muscle loss due to denervation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propionate ameliorates neural degeneration by modulating mitochondrial fission and fusion in nerve cells.","authors":"Song Xi, Tang Lin, Zhang Haiyan, Zeng Shiyue, Qing Qi, Xiong Qiangqiang, Zheng Mingzhi, Luo Liu","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2520019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2520019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sporadic global cognitive decline is on the rise, and current drugs exhibit limited efficacy. Propionate, an SCFAs of the human microbiome, exhibits robust neuroprotective effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used CCK8 to evaluate neuronal proliferation, DCFH-DA fluorescence probe to quantify ROS production, ELISA to detect IL-1β and IL-6 release, MitoTracker to assess mitochondrial membrane potential, real-time quantitative PCR, and western blotting to analyze DRP1 and anti-Mfn2 protein expression. We also established an in vitro blood-brain barrier model and AD mouse model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Propionate normalized the mitochondrial membrane potential in glutamate-treated HT22 cells, reversed growth suppression, ROS accumulation, and elevated IL-1 and IL-6 release. Propionate also decreases Drp1 expression and elevates Mfn2 expression via GRP41 receptor binding. In vitro blood-brain barrier models illustrated the potential of propionate to ameliorate glutamate-induced blood-brain barrier damage. In vivo, propionate notably improved the learning and memory capabilities of AD mice and mitigated AD-induced mitochondrial defects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Supplementation with propionate provides neuroprotection against neurodegenerative diseases. Propionate supplementation may provide a novel strategy for early intervention of neurological disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"G protein and MYD Growth Factor in neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.","authors":"Yisheng Cheng, Xiaoxiao Cheng, Han Zhao, Baolin Liu","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2520009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2520009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore the neuroprotective role of Myeloid-Derived Growth Factor (MYDGF) and its regulatory mechanisms involving G protein-coupled signaling pathways after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A mouse model of CIRI was established using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Mice were divided into five groups: Mock, scramble shRNA (sh-scr), MYDGF knockdown (MYDGF-shRNA), Gαi1/3 knockdown (Gαi1/3-shRNA), and recombinant MYDGF treatment. MYDGF mRNA expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR, and protein levels were assessed via Western blot. Cell-type specific knockdown in glial cells was achieved using targeted adenoviral shRNA.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>MYDGF exerted neuroprotective effects by activating PI3K-AKT-mTOR and ERK-MAPK signaling pathways. Gαi1/3 was identified as a key regulatory factor mediating these effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MYDGF exerted neuroprotective effects by activating PI3K-AKT-mTOR and ERK-MAPK signaling pathways. Gαi1/3 was identified as a key regulatory factor mediating these effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on rTMS's therapeutic effect on constipation in Parkinson's disease via the brain-gut axis theory.","authors":"Qianlan Bo, Yanmin Li, Xiayue Wang, Huijun Wang, Huimiao Liu","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2515198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2515198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the therapeutic effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on constipation in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, based on the brain-gut axis theory.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-eight PD patients with constipation (aged 52-68 years) were randomly assigned to the treatment group (receiving high-frequency 10 hz rTMS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), <i>n</i> = 29) and control group (receiving sham stimulation, <i>n</i> = 29). Both patients and outcome assessors were blinded to the allocation. Constipation severity was assessed using the Constipation Severity Scale (CSS), and bowel movements were evaluated with the Spontaneous Bowel Movement (SBM) and Complete Spontaneous Bowel Movement (CSBM) frequencies. Depression severity was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). Brain-gut peptides, serotonin (5-HT), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ) were measured via ELISA. Patient quality of life was assessed using the Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) instrument. Daily sessions were administered consecutively over a 14-day period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rTMS group showed significantly lower CSS scores and HAMD scores, and higher SBM and CSBM frequencies compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The rTMS group also exhibited higher levels of 5-HT, BDNF, and brain-gut peptides, with reduced IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-γ levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Clinical outcomes showed higher cure and efficacy rates in the rTMS group, with improved quality of life (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>rTMS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, combined with conventional drug therapy, significantly improves constipation and depressive symptoms in PD patients over a short-term period, potentially through mechanisms involving the brain-gut axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the correlation between hsCRP/HDL-C ratio and the severity and prognosis of ischemic stroke.","authors":"Ping Ni, Haifeng Shao, Qi Zhang, Qiao Chen, Nengwei Yu, Binghu Li, Suping Li","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2520015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2520015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Inflammatory and lipid biomarkers are increasingly recognized for their role in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study evaluated the predictive value of composite indicators, focusing on the hsCRP/HDL-C ratio.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective study included 183 AIS patients and 194 controls from Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (July 2023-July 2024). Venous blood samples assessed inflammatory and lipid markers. Primary outcome was 3-month functional prognosis (mRS 0-2 vs. 3-6); secondary outcomes included hemorrhagic transformation, NIHSS scores, and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant baseline differences included hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, hsCRP, MHR, and hsCRP/HDL-C ratio (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). The hsCRP/HDL-C ratio showed high predictive accuracy (AUC analysis). Higher ratios correlated with atrial fibrillation, worse NIHSS scores, and poor 3-month prognosis (<i>p</i> < 0.001), but not hemorrhagic transformation or TOAST classification. After multivariate adjustment, higher quartiles of the hsCRP/HDL-C ratio remained an independent predictor of poor outcomes [quartile_4 (OR = 5.14, 95% CI: 1.03-25.81, <i>p</i> = 0.047)] and were also associated with increased NIHSS scores at admission, day 3, and day 7 [quartile_4 (0 h: B = 2.92, <i>p</i> = 0.016; 3d: B = 3.30, <i>p</i> = 0.004; 7d: B = 3.91, <i>p</i> = 0.001)].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The hsCRP/HDL-C ratio is strongly associated with AIS occurrence and predicts both short-term neurological deficits and long-term prognosis, offering clinical utility in risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain metastases' radiologic phenotypes: correlation between tumor's consistency, extent of edema, histologic features and vascular territory affected.","authors":"Liat Oxman, Ygal Tsur, Mor Nimni, Yosef Laviv","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2520013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2520013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Morbidity and mortality related to brain metastases (BM) are affected by their intracranial distribution, consistency (solid vs. cystic), and extent of peritumoral brain edema. We have hypothesized that the vascular properties of the different vascular territories of the brain may influence differences in BM's radiologic morphologies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study of all adult patients (age ≥18 years) with histopathological confirmed BM. Based on radiologic features, the patients were divided into 3 groups: solid, cystic-necrotic, and purely cystic. Data on different variables were extracted for eligible cases and used for statistical-based comparisons between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following categorization according to radiologic phenotype, 61 (32.3%), 85 (45%), and 43 (22.7%) cases were considered solid, cystic-necrotic, and purely cystic, respectively. On univariate analysis, the purely cystic phenotype was significantly associated with male gender, posterior cerebral circulation, lung cancer (vs. breast cancer), neuroendocrine tumor, and older age. On multivariate analysis, posterior circulation (OR = 8.782, <i>p</i> < 0.001), neuroendocrine tumor (OR = 4.539, <i>p</i> = 0.046) and older age (OR = 1.075, <i>p</i> = 0.021) remained significant. In addition, on multivariate analysis, severe edema was significantly associated with the solid phenotype, anterior circulation and age < 55 years cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The two cerebral circulations are significantly associated with different BM radiologic phenotypes as well as with differences in the extent of peri-lesional brain edema. Furthermore, several epidemiological, histological and molecular variables are also associated with these important radiologic features. As our data on factors associated with BM radiologic morphologies grows, so our understanding of the relevant pathophysiology will expand, leading to practical implications affecting morbidity and prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}