Neurological Research最新文献

{"title":"Electroacupuncture combined with botulinum toxin type A promotes common peroneal nerve repair and activation of GDNF-BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway in post-stroke limb spasticity rats.","authors":"Jinyu Qu, Jin Xiong, Weiwei Zhang, Xiaoying Cao, Juanli Jiang, Xiaodan Xu, Huan Wang, Yingchun Peng, Xuefang Shen, Changlong Luan, Lan Wen, Yili Wang","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2553149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2553149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-stroke limb spasticity (PSLS) is a rehabilitation problem that needs to be solved urgently, electroacupuncture (EA), a safe and effective adjunctive rehabilitation therapy with relatively few side effects, and botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) can improve motor function; however, it is not clear whether EA combined with BTX-A is more effective in improving PSLS. This study will investigate the effects and mechanisms of EA combined with BTX-A to improve PSLS in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PSLS rat model was prepared and treated with EA, BTX-A, or EA+BTX-A, Zea longa, modified Ashworth, and modified neurological severity score to assess the changes of neurological function and dystonia, and to observe the cerebral infarction condition, fibers changes of gastrocnemius muscle, common peroneal nerve pathology morphology, changes of neural repair factors and GDNF/BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway in the rats, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that EA combined with BTX-A effectively promotes the recovery of neurological function in rats with post-stroke limb spasticity, improves axonal and myelin regeneration of the gastrocnemius nerve on the operated side, promotes the repair of the common peroneal nerve, and activates the GDNF-BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collectively, EA combined with BTX-A for the treatment of PSLS may be associated with the promotion of common peroneal nerve repair and modulation of the GDNF-BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of intracranial hemangiopericytomas: a meta-analytic review.","authors":"João Vitor Andrade Fernandes, Maria Antonia Oliveira Machado Pereira, Ocílio Ribeiro Gonçalves, Paweł Łajczak, Rafael Reis de Oliveira, Luana Miyahira Makita, Maurus Marques de Almeida Holanda","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2553861","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2553861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intracranial hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) are rare and aggressive mesenchymal tumors with high rates of local recurrence and metastasis. This meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in managing these tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted up to January 2025 for studies reporting outcomes of SRS in intracranial HPCs. Inclusion criteria comprised original studies with extractable data on at least one predefined outcome. Data were synthesized using random-effects meta-analysis, with heterogeneity assessed by I² statistics. Sensitivity analyses and influence diagnostics were performed. Risk of bias was evaluated using ROBINS-I, and publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and Egger's test when applicable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen studies (329 patients, 483 tumors) were included. Tumor size reduction occurred in 47.9% (95% CI: 36.1-59.7%; I² = 81%) and complete response in 29.9% (95% CI: 16.5-43.3%; I² = 74%). Tumor progression was reported in 22.7% (95% CI: 9.1-36.4%; I² = 90%) and tumor stability in 12.1% (95% CI: 6.2-17.9%; I² = 63%). Extracranial metastases occurred in 21.3% of patients (95% CI: 16.1-26.5%; I² = 0%). Neurological improvement was observed in 16.0% (95% CI: 9.2-22.8%; I² = 28%), and mortality reached 31.3% (95% CI: 20.7-41.8%; I² = 71%). Treatment-related complications occurred in 10.8% (95% CI: 2.5-19.2%; I² = 0%). No major publication bias was identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SRS provides meaningful tumor control and favorable safety in intracranial HPCs, with notable rates of size reduction and complete response, though progression, metastasis, and mortality remain substantial.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the trajectory and influencing factors of post-stroke cognitive development: based on a group-based trajectory model.","authors":"Yuxia Ma, Yidan Li, Tingting Yang, Yifang Yang, Xuedan Wang, Xiang He, Qiuxia Qian, Jinhan Nan, Guifen Ma, Suhong Wei, Lin Han","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2551868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2551868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is one of the major complications of stroke and exhibits a dynamic progression. This study uses the Group-Based Trajectory Model (GBTM) to fit cognitive development trajectories in stroke patients and analyze the influencing factors and trends of PSCI across trajectory groups. It aims to facilitate early identification and intervention for high-risk PSCI patients, providing a theoretical basis for optimizing intervention strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study employs a longitudinal design and completed the follow-up of 729 patients across five hospitals. The MoCA scale is used to assess the cognitive function of stroke patients at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. GBTM is employed to fit the cognitive development trajectories of PSCI, and multinomial logistic regression is used to analyze its influencing factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GBTM results show that there are four post-stroke cognitive development trajectories in stroke patients, namely, severe PSCI group, mild PSCI group, PSCI risk group and normal cognitive group. Advanced age, high NIHSS score, living alone, fatigue, malnutrition, and risk of malnutrition are risk factors for PSCI. High ADL scores, higher education levels, living in urban areas, urban workers medical insurance, and high average monthly family income are protective factors for PSCI (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Post-stroke cognitive development trajectories exhibit heterogeneity. In clinical practice, it is recommended that healthcare professionals pay attention to early screening, early diagnosis, early intervention, and early treatment of PSCI, to improve or delay the development of PSCI by preventing or treating the primary disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyponatremia and cerebral vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Atef F Hulliel, Omar H Abuhashem, Aseel M AlRabadi, Sara Khaled Aldalki, Omar A Ahmad, Amjed M Abdel Al, Laith K Matalgah, Rawhi Alshaykh, Basil Al Tah","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2551087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2551087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hyponatremia, defined as serum sodium < 135 mEq/L, is a common complication following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and has been implicated in the development of cerebral vasospasm, a significant contributor to delayed cerebral ischemia and poor neurological outcomes. However, the strength and consistency of this association remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between hyponatremia and angiographically or radiologically confirmed vasospasm in patients with aSAH.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Medline was conducted through July 2025, adhering to PRISMA guidelines (CRD42024621575). Eligible studies included adult or pediatric patients with aSAH, reported serum sodium levels, and documented vasospasm confirmed by imaging. Data were extracted independently by three reviewers, and methodological quality was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using I² statistics and funnel plots, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven studies comprising a total of 983 patients were included in both the systematic review and meta-analysis. Among these, 403 patients developed vasospasm, with 243 having experienced hyponatremia prior to the event. The pooled analysis demonstrated a significant association between hyponatremia and vasospasm (OR = 2.59; 95% CI: 1.60-4.20; <i>p</i> = 0.0001). Moderate heterogeneity was observed (I² = 53%), and no evidence of publication bias was detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hyponatremia is significantly associated with increased risk of cerebral vasospasm in SAH patients. Serum sodium may suggest potential as a component of risk stratification models. Prospective studies are needed to explore causality and the therapeutic impact of sodium correction on clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: targeting dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin.","authors":"Sabri Engin Altintop, Emine Feyza Yurt, Gözde Şengül Ayçiçek, Salim Neşelioğlu, Özcan Erel, Burcu Balam Dogu, Mustafa Cankurtaran, Meltem Halil","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2551865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2551865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Oxidative stress plays a key role in the progression of chronic disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study aimed to assess oxidative stress in MCI and AD patients using ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) and dynamic thiol - disulfide homeostasis (TDH), and to investigate their potential as prognostic biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 128 participants were included in this study: 44 with normal cognition, 44 with MCI, and 40 with AD. All patients were evaluated based on mental status, comorbidities, and laboratory parameters. Serum levels of native thiol, total thiol, disulfide bonds, and IMA were measured.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Native and total thiol levels were significantly lower in late-stage AD patients compared to controls (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, thiol levels were also significantly lower in the combined middle- and late-stage AD group compared to controls (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Although thiol levels in MCI patients were lower than in controls and higher than in AD, the differences were not statistically significant. Thiol levels positively correlated with MMSE scores (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) and showed a marked decline with advancing age (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Hypertensive patients also had significantly lower thiol levels compared to those without hypertension (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that total and native thiol levels decline with cognitive deterioration and advancing age. These oxidative stress biomarkers might hold potential as supportive tools in the prognostic assessment of patients, particularly those with Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of key genes in intracranial aneurysm via WGCNA: insights into immune microenvironment and therapeutic targets.","authors":"Feng Chen, Pingyou He, Wei Xu, Danfeng Yu, Chao Luo","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2549031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2549031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intracranial aneurysms (IA) are prevalent vascular lesions whose rupture causes subarachnoid hemorrhage with high disability and mortality. Although cell adhesion molecules help maintain vascular integrity, their roles in IA pathogenesis remain incompletely defined. High-throughput bioinformatics offers a means to elucidate these mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Transcriptomic datasets of IA tissues and peripheral blood were retrieved from GEO. Differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified IA-related genes. Functional enrichment, immune-cell infiltration profiling, consensus clustering, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network construction, and in silico drug prediction were performed. Experimental validation used qRT-PCR in vascular smooth muscle cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 2,052 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 54 were linked to cell adhesion and immune functions. Integrating LASSO and random forest yielded three hub genes-SLC7A11, FAP, and COL1A1-that were validated as diagnostic biomarkers with high accuracy; notably, two of the three high-AUC genes were strongly correlated. These genes were enriched in immune-regulatory pathways, including Toll-like receptor signaling and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. Immune infiltration analysis showed altered levels of seven immune cell types in IA tissues, with a particularly strong association between hub genes and activated mast cells. The ceRNA network suggested potential post-transcriptional regulators, and drug prediction identified several FDA-approved agents targeting the hub genes. Consensus clustering separated IA patients into two molecular subtypes with distinct immune landscapes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study delineates the molecular and immunological landscape of IA from the perspective of cell adhesion molecules. The identified biomarkers enhance diagnostic precision and provide mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic avenues.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and ischemic stroke outcomes under different glucose metabolism statuses: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Jinru Feng, Weili Jia, Kaixuan Yang, Hongqiu Gu, Yong Jiang, Hao Li, Xia Meng, Xingquan Zhao, Yilong Wang, Yongjun Wang, Zixiao Li","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2551090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2551090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, is associated with clinical outcomes after stroke. This study aimed to explore the relationship between baseline hs-CRP levels and outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with different glucose metabolism statuses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the China National Stroke Registry III, patients with AIS or transient ischemic attack were categorized by baseline hs-CRP (low-risk, <1.0 mg/L; average-risk, 1-3 mg/L; and high-risk, >3 mg/L) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)-defined glucose status: normal glucose regulation (NGR), pre-diabetes (pre-DM), and diabetes (DM). The primary outcome was poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale scores of 2-6) at 3 months, with secondary outcomes including poor functional outcomes at 1 year and stroke recurrence at both time points. Multivariable logistic proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to explore the association between hs-CRP and functional outcomes across glucose metabolism statuses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study enrolled 6,916 patients (mean age, 62.4 ± 11.2 years; 67.4% male). Compared with the low-risk group, the high-risk hs-CRP group had a higher risk of poor functional outcomes at 3 months among patients with DM (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07-1.77, <i>p</i> = 0.0117) and NGR (aOR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.19-2.09, <i>p</i> = 0.0015), but not pre-DM (aOR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.86-1.58, <i>p</i> = 0.3263). A near-linear dose-response relationship was observed in the total population and pre-DM group. No significant associations were found at 1 year or for stroke recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Glucose metabolism status influenced the association between hs-CRP levels and poor functional outcomes at 3 months after stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calpain-1, not Calpain-2, has relationship with HMGB1/TLR4/NF-ΚB signalling pathway variables in multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Firdevs Uluc, Sule Aydin Turkoglu, Bihter Gokce Celik, Seyda Karabörk, Seyit Ali Kayis","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2551093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2551093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Identification of the related signalling pathways is very crucial for demyelinating diseases.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between Calpain-1 (CAPN1) and Calpain-2 (CAPN2) with the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (pwNMOSD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 45 newly diagnosed patients during the relapse period, comprising 36 pwMS and 9 pwNMOSD. Twenty-eight patients with pseudotumor cerebri (pwPTC) were recruited as control. CAPN1, CAPN2, HMGB1, soluble TLR4 (sTLR4), NF-κB levels were compared between the groups by ELISA technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>pwMS had higher levels of CAPN1 than those with pwNMOSD and pwPTC. Similarly, pw MS had a considerably greater level of CAPN2 than pwPTC and pwNMOSD. Between the groups, there were no variations in HMGB1, sTLR4, NF-κB, and IL-37 levels. The CAPN1 and CAPN2 levels in the pwMS showed a favorable correlation. In pwMS, CAPN1 and HMGB1 also showed a positive correlation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study proposes a valuable and novel perspective on the pathophysiology of MS, placing CAPN1 as a potentially important contributor to neuroinflammatory signalling via HMGB1. Future research should aim to validate these findings using larger, balanced cohorts and include longitudinal CSF and serum analysis. Experimental in vitro or in vivo studies investigating CAPN1 inhibition and its impact on HMGB1-related signalling are necessary to explore therapeutic implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between serum inflammatory cytokines, substantia nigra structural changes, and brain functional network in Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Ye Liu, Biaoshui Ji, Ziyan Li, Jiandong Chang","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2539487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2539487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parkinson's disease (PD), a common neurodegenerative disorder, involves neuroinflammation and abnormal brain structure and function in its pathogenesis. However, integrative studies of multidimensional biomarkers remain limited. This article aimed to explore the associations between peripheral inflammation levels, substantia nigra (SN) structural changes, and brain functional network features in patients with PD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 156 PD participants and 89 healthy participants were enrolled. Transcranial sonography features of SN hyperechogenicity (SN+) were assessed. Functional connectivity density of the putamen, caudate nucleus, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the PD group (AG), serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were markedly elevated and moderately positively correlated with the area of SN+ (<i>p <</i>0.01). The proportion of SN+ in the AG (61.5%) was markedly elevated as against the control group (BG) (24.7%). The functional connectivity density values of the putamen, caudate nucleus, PCC, and mPFC were markedly reduced in the AG (<i>p <</i>0.05), with the functional connectivity density values of the putamen and mPFC negatively correlated with the area of SN+. The functional connectivity of the putamen and mPFC was further weakened in patients with SN+ (<i>p <</i>0.05), indicating a close relationship between SN structural changes and functional damage in motor and cognitive networks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This article reveals the multidimensional interplay between inflammation, SN structural abnormalities, and brain functional network disruptions in PD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified colloid cyst risk score: a new tool for clinical decision-making in patients with colloid cysts.","authors":"Ehsan Alimohammadi, Guive Sharifi, Majidreza Farroki, Seyed Reza Bagheri, Mohammad Samadian, Kaveh Ebrahimzadeh, Ehsan Soltanian, Abbas Amirjamshidi","doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2549026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2025.2549026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study develops the Modified Colloid Cyst Risk Score (MCCRS), a novel, evidence-based tool designed to identify patients with colloid cysts at high risk for clinical deterioration and obstructive hydrocephalus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted to identify clinical indicators associated with worsening outcomes in colloid cyst patients. The MCCRS was constructed through expert consensus utilizing the modified Delphi technique. Its validity and reliability were subsequently evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review included 34 studies that met inclusion criteria. The MCCRS comprises several key criteria, each assigned specific points to stratify patients into different risk categories. These factors include cyst size (0-2 points), location within a risk zone (0-2 points), symptom presence (0-2 points), growth rate (0-2 points), patient age (0-1 point), and FLAIR MRI hyperintensity (additional point). Total scores categorize patients: 0-2 indicates low risk, suggesting annual MRI follow-up; 3-5 indicates moderate risk, requiring more frequent monitoring; scores of 6 or higher denote high risk, warranting aggressive management or surgical intervention. The MCCRS demonstrated a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 99% for predicting clinical deterioration or obstructive hydrocephalus. Its positive predictive value was 98%, and negative predictive value was 94%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MCCRS is a valid, reliable tool that integrates multiple risk factors to guide clinical decision-making in colloid cyst management. It facilitates personalized monitoring strategies and intervention planning to prevent adverse outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19131,"journal":{"name":"Neurological Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}