Neural Plasticity最新文献

{"title":"Correction to \"Presynaptic Glycine Receptors Increase Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Rat Periaqueductal Gray Neurons\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1155/np/9785837","DOIUrl":"10.1155/np/9785837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2013/954302.].</p>","PeriodicalId":19122,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9785837"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12884417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146156186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Berberine Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Impairments in Neuroplasticity and Spatial Memory by Modulating Microglial Polarization via MAPK Signaling Inhibition.","authors":"Lirong Jiang, Ruiyi Liao, Jiaxin Wang, Yuan Yang, Jiaojiao Sun, Li Liu, Yiwei Wang, Wei Dong, Yang Yu","doi":"10.1155/np/6795481","DOIUrl":"10.1155/np/6795481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroinflammation-induced cognitive impairment is characterized by a continued decline in memory, executive functioning, and information-processing abilities. Although berberine (BBR) exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, its ability to mitigate cognitive deficits by regulating microglial-mediated neuroinflammation remains incompletely understood. To investigate the potential of BBR in mitigating microglial-mediated neuroinflammation and its detrimental effects on neuroplasticity and spatial memory, a mouse model was established through intrahippocampal microinjection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results showed that BBR pretreatment significantly improved cognitive performance, suppressed microglial activation, reduced hippocampal neuronal damage, and increased the density of functional dendritic spines. Mechanistic analysis revealed that BBR treatment inhibited the phosphorylation of key proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway within microglia. These findings suggest that BBR is a promising therapeutic agent for mitigating neuroinflammation-induced cognitive impairment and provide significant evidence for its potential application in treating inflammation-related cognitive deficits.</p>","PeriodicalId":19122,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6795481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12873632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Somatosensory-Evoked Potentials and Clinical Assessments of Sensory Function Over Time in Patients With Subacute Stroke\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1155/np/9805451","DOIUrl":"10.1155/np/9805451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/np/7939662.].</p>","PeriodicalId":19122,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9805451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12812252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146003746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-Computer Interface Training Enhances Attention Function via Modulating Frontoparietal Connectivity: Evidence From Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.","authors":"Yuhong Huang, Qian Ding, Zhenghong Chen, Jing Chen, Yawen Li, Lu Chen, Shantong Yao, Yue Lan, Guangqing Xu","doi":"10.1155/np/8133428","DOIUrl":"10.1155/np/8133428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Attention is a critical cognitive function impaired in various neurological disorders, and brain-computer interface (BCI) training shows potential for cognitive improvement. However, the neural mechanisms of BCI training on attention networks remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of BCI training on attention and the underlying neural mechanisms in healthy young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty healthy young adults participated in this study. Attention function was assessed using the attention network test (ANT), while brain activation and connectivity were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Participants underwent the ANT and fNIRS assessments before and after BCI training.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BCI training significantly improved the efficiency of the executive control network (<i>p</i> = 0.016). Nodal efficiency in the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) was decreased (<i>p</i>  = 0.044). In the resting state, effective connectivity (EC) analysis showed decreased connectivity from the right PPC to the left PPC in the resting state (<i>p</i>  = 0.047). In the task state, the EC from the right prefrontal cortex (PFC) to the right PPC was significantly increased (<i>p</i>  = 0.016), and the connectivity from the left PFC to the right PFC was significantly decreased (<i>p</i>  = 0.023).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BCI training optimized connectivity within frontoparietal networks (FPNs), leading to enhanced executive control function. These findings suggest that BCI training could be an effective cognitive intervention for improving the function of FPNs. Future studies should explore the long-term effects of BCI training and its potential application in clinical populations, such as patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":19122,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8133428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12767425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145912529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Role of Sodium Butyrate in Mouse Models of IBD: A Multimodal Structural and Functional MRI Study.","authors":"Ran Fan, Siqi Li, Cuiping Bao, Weiwei Cui, Li Yu, Hong Yu, Xuehuan Liu, Jun Liu","doi":"10.1155/np/9003986","DOIUrl":"10.1155/np/9003986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experience abnormalities in the central nervous system via the gut-brain axis (GBA), leading to changes in brain structure and function. Butyrate has been shown to influence the central nervous system via the GBA, with potential benefits for neurological issues in IBD. However, directly assessing butyrate's impact on the central nervous system in IBD patients is difficult due to confounding factors in human studies. This study employed a mouse model to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) on brain structure and function in IBD through multimodal MRI. Fifteen mice were equally divided into three groups: a healthy control group, an IBD group and an IBD + NaB group (NaB group). All three groups underwent scanning with a 9.4T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The scanning sequences included diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), three-dimensional T2-weighted imaging and functional MRI (fMRI), respectively, to assess alterations in white matter integrity, grey matter nucleus volume and neural activity among the different groups. Compared with the IBD group, the NaB group exhibited reduced inflammation. In both the IBD and NaB groups, the mean diffusivity (MD) values of white matter fibre tracts in the left inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body) region were lower than those in the HC group. Differences in nucleus volume were observed among the groups in two regions: an undefined region and the left caudoputamen. Differences in neural activity were observed among the groups in the right pontine reticular nucleus, lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus, left simple lobule and right midbrain reticular nucleus. Furthermore, alterations in neural local activity coherence were noted in the right nucleus accumbens, left intermediate reticular nucleus, and right hippocampal CA3 region. These results suggest that NaB alleviates the degree of inflammation in IBD mice and induces alterations in brain structure and function via the GBA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19122,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e9003986"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148912932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgery versus Botulinum Toxin A for Treatment of Post-Stroke Upper-Limb Spasticity: White Matter Changes, Function, and Quality-of-Life-A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Patricia Hurtado-Olmo, Pedro Hernández-Cortés, Ángela González-Santos, Clarisa Simón-Pérez, Laura Del Olmo-Iruela, Andrés Catena","doi":"10.1155/np/6479640","DOIUrl":"10.1155/np/6479640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A magnetic resonance image (MRI) study recently described greater improvements in gray matter volume and cortical thickness in post-stroke patients with upper-limb spasticity treated with surgery versus botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare changes in the white matter of these patients after surgical versus BoNT-A treatment and to relate findings to upper-limb function and quality-of-life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a two-arm randomized controlled clinical trial, 30 post-stroke patients (>12 months) with spastic upper limbs were recruited and randomly assigned (1:1) to surgery or BoNT-A treatment (controls). Functional and quality-of-life parameters were studied at baseline (pre-intervention) and at 6 months, while brain MRI scans of the white matter were taken at the same time points using a Siemens 3T Prisma MRI scanner. Although baseline MRI scans were obtained in all 30 participants, complete longitudinal MRI data were available for only 14 participants because of contraindications or refusal of follow-up imaging. Therefore, the imaging analyses were considered only exploratory and hypothesis-generating.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increased post- versus pre-surgery fractional anisotropy (FA) values were associated with Carer Burden and House functional scale scores, and decreased FA values with Ashworth, Fugl-Meyer, pain visual analogue scale, and SF-36 scores. Reduced mean diffusivity (MD) values for inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, cingulum parahippocampal parietal, uncinate fasciculus, and reticular tract were associated with improvements in Fugl-Meyer motor recovery scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The post-pre increase in FA of white matter tracts in the experimental versus control group may suggest differences in white matter microstructure between treatment groups, potentially reflecting neuroplastic changes. These findings suggest that changes in white matter microstructure might be associated with improvements in motor function, independence, and caregiver burden. However, given the small longitudinal MRI sample, the tract-specific findings should be considered hypothesis-generating and require confirmation in larger studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19122,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e6479640"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Changes in the Glymphatic System in Children With Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Study of Diffusion Tensor Imaging.","authors":"Jin Wang, Jiayan Zhuang, Kongqing Li, Gengbiao Zhang, Hongyi Zheng, Wenbin Zheng","doi":"10.1155/np/4484163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/np/4484163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Diffusion tensor imaging-analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) indicators and free-water (FW) mapping derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data have been proposed as noninvasive markers of glymphatic system (GS) function. This study aimed to investigate GS function in children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) with particular focus on the sensitive period of auditory development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled 53 children with SNHL (SNHL group) and 42 age- and sex-matched healthy children (healthy control [HC] group). Based on the age of 36 months, we separated the study participants into two groups: Group A (0-36 months; A-SNHL group, n = 32; A-HC group, n = 21) and group B (36-180 months; B-SNHL group, n = 21; B-HC group, n = 21). We collected their DTI image data and calculated the ALPS index for the left and right hemispheres and the fractional volume of free water in white matter (FW-WM) and analyzed the differences between the groups. The DTI-ALPS has several limitations, the most prominent one being the influence of microstructure. However, it has many advantages and high clinical value.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the HC group, the ALPS index for both hemispheres in the SNHL group was significantly lower (L: p < 0.001; R: p < 0.001), and group B exhibited the same results (L: p < 0.001; R: p < 0.001). In group A, the left-hemisphere ALPS index of the A-SNHL group was significantly lower than that of the A-HC group (L: p = 0.002; R: p = 0.067). The FW imaging analysis indicated that the FW-WM in the B-SNHL group was significantly higher than that of the B-HC group, and it exhibited a negative correlation with the left-hemisphere ALPS index (r = -0.515, p = 0.017).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with SNHL (especially those over 3 years old) might exhibit compromised cerebral glymphatic function, possibly attributable to clearance dysfunction and interstitial fluid (ISF) retention. Despite the recognized limitation of DTI-ALPS, its integration with FW mapping may enhance the noninvasive indirect evaluation of glymphatic function.</p>","PeriodicalId":19122,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e4484163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147434417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amantadine Reshapes Brain Oscillatory Dynamics in Pediatric Disorders of Consciousness.","authors":"Mengqing Luo, Rui Sun, Xuanhui Ren, Juan Cheng, Meng Zhang, Huaqian Wang, Ruihua Xu, Jun Tan, Jialei Ge, Xu Zhang, Yan Ma, Chong Lu","doi":"10.1155/np/2959425","DOIUrl":"10.1155/np/2959425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disorders of consciousness (DoC) in children following severe brain injury remain a major clinical challenge, and pharmacological interventions with objective neurophysiological evidence are limited. Amantadine has shown potential benefits in adult DoC, but its neural effects in pediatric populations remain poorly understood. This study investigated whether amantadine treatment is associated with changes in resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) oscillatory dynamics in children with DoC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty participants were enrolled, including 15 children with DoC and 15 age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) controls. The DoC group received oral amantadine for 1 month at weight-adjusted doses. Resting-state EEG was recorded at baseline and after treatment. Relative EEG amplitude (RelAmp) was calculated for five frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma), and two spectral ratios-the alpha-theta ratio (ATR) and the slow-fast frequency ratio (SFR)-were derived to characterize the balance between slow and fast oscillatory activity. Behavioral responsiveness was assessed using the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, children with DoC showed significantly lower ATR, SFR, alpha amplitude, and gamma amplitude than TD controls, indicating a shift toward slower cortical oscillatory activity. ATR, SFR, and alpha amplitude were positively correlated with CRS-R scores, suggesting that faster oscillatory dynamics were associated with better behavioral responsiveness. Following amantadine treatment, ATR, alpha amplitude, and gamma amplitude increased significantly within the DoC group, reflecting a shift toward faster cortical oscillatory activity. Notably, these EEG changes preceded overt behavioral improvement: CRS-R scores did not change significantly immediately after treatment but improved significantly at the 3-month follow-up. This temporal dissociation suggests that neurophysiological recovery may emerge earlier than overt behavioral responsiveness and may be relevant to covert recovery processes in pediatric DoC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Amantadine treatment was associated with selective modulation of cortical oscillatory dynamics in children with DoC. EEG spectral measures may provide objective biomarkers for detecting early neural recovery and monitoring longitudinal brain changes in pediatric DoC.</p>","PeriodicalId":19122,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e2959425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13358365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurorehabilitation Combining Acupuncture and Conventional Rehabilitation in the Acute Ischemic Stroke: Evidence From Multimodal MRI.","authors":"Feng Li, Jing Wang, Qilan Xu, Zhengyang Zhu, Mo Cheng, Jiu Chen, Bing Zhang","doi":"10.1155/np/8734736","DOIUrl":"10.1155/np/8734736","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a leading cause of long-term disability, with approximately 70% of survivors suffering from motor, sensory, and language impairments that significantly affect their daily functioning and quality of life. Recent advances in neuroimaging have provided a more precise assessment of changes in brain gray matter volume (GMV) and functional connectivity (FC), both of which are closely correlated with disease severity, prognosis, and rehabilitation outcomes. Acupuncture, as a complementary therapy, has demonstrated potential in alleviating motor and language deficits following stroke. By integrating structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) data with comprehensive clinical evaluations, this research aims to objectively investigate the neural mechanisms underlying acupuncture-induced brain plasticity. Our goal is to explore how acupuncture may augment conventional AIS treatments by promoting neuroplasticity, offering a scientific basis for its integration into standard therapeutic protocols. The findings aim to advance our understanding of the neurobiological basis for integrative rehabilitation strategies, ultimately contributing to improved prognostic evaluation and optimized recovery trajectories for AIS patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 54 AIS patients with motor dysfunction were allocated to receive either acupuncture combined with western medicine treatment (AWT) group or WT group alone. The acupuncture points used included: Neiguan (PC6), Renzhong (DU26), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Weizhong (BL40), Zusanli (ST36), Fenglong (ST40), Taichong (LR3), and Yanglingquan (GB34). Patients in AWT groups received treatment 5 times per week for 8 weeks. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) and structural and fMRI data were collected at three time points: baseline (on the day of enrollment), week 8 (at the end of the acupuncture intervention), and week 12 (after a 12-week follow-up period post-intervention). GMV and FC analysis was performed to investigate the potential mechanism of acupuncture treatment by comparing differences in brain cortical structure and function between treatments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;GMV: The AWT group manifested an increased GMV in the ipsilesional supplementary motor area (SMA) and contralesional anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) by week 8. In contrast, the WT group witnessed a substantial decline in GMV within the ipsilesional median cingulate and paracingulate gyrus (DCG). At the 12-week follow-up, the AWT group further demonstrated a significantly greater increase in GMV in the ipsilesional superior temporal gyrus (STG) when compared to week 8. The between-group comparisons at week 8 disclosed that the AWT group had a significantly elevated GMV in the postcentral gyrus (PoCG) and contralesional inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) (p  = 0.005) in contrast to the WT group. By wee","PeriodicalId":19122,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e8734736"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13287332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Life Without Olfactory Function Has Limited Effects on Cerebral White Matter Morphology.","authors":"Anja L Winter, Moa Peter, Evelina Thunell, Sanne Boesveldt, Johan N Lundström, Fahimeh Darki","doi":"10.1155/np/3960593","DOIUrl":"10.1155/np/3960593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Absence of sensory input is associated with alterations in brain morphology; mainly in or near cerebral regions normally devoted to processing of the missing sense. However, multiple recent studies demonstrate that the only consistent morphological finding within the gray matter of individuals born without the sense of smell (isolated congenital anosmia [ICA]), are changes in or near the olfactory sulcus. In contrast, for the connecting tissue of the brain, the white matter (WM), previous studies have yielded inconsistent findings. Here, we show that individuals with ICA (n = 49) exhibit clear alterations in WM volume when compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Consistent evidence from both voxel-based morphometry and multivoxel pattern analysis shows that individuals with ICA show decreased WM in areas surrounding the olfactory sulcus. Critically, no WM alterations were found in areas surrounding the olfactory (piriform) cortex. In contrast to congenital sensory loss in other sensory systems, we show that morphological alterations due to lifelong olfactory deprivation are limited, primarily localized around the olfactory sulcus, and likely due to the absence of olfactory bulbs. A possible explanation for the lack of major morphological alterations in individuals with congenital anosmia is that the olfactory regions may be recruited for nonolfactory functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19122,"journal":{"name":"Neural Plasticity","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e3960593"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147960086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}