Neurochemical Journal最新文献

{"title":"The Study of the State of Monoaminergic Systems in the Brain Structures of the Offsprings of Female BALB/c Mice at Different Stages of Formation of Autism Spectrum Disorders","authors":"V. S. Kudrin, V. B. Narkevich, A. A. Alymov, I. G. Kapitsa, K. A. Kasabov, P. L. Naplyokova, N. V. Kudryashov, T. A. Voronina","doi":"10.1134/s1819712424020065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1819712424020065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—The study of the status of norepinephrine-, dopamine- and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems of BALB/C mice brain structures on 15 and 64 days of postnatal development (PD) in the model of autistic disturbances induced by injection of sodium valproate (SV, 400 mg/kg , s/c) to pregnant females was carried out using the HPLC/ED method. The level of both catechol- and indolamines in the brain structures of control mice at the age of 15 days was significantly lower than in adult animals at the age of 64 days. Prenatal administration of SV caused a decrease in all parameters of monoaminergic neurotransmission in the striatum of offspring at the age of 15 days but had no effect in other brain structures studied. Subsequently, the level of dopamine increased and by the 64th day of PD did not differ from the parameters of the control group. The parameters of the serotonergic system changed in a similar pattern, with the content of serotonin and the serotonin metabolite 5-OIAA in the striatum increasing gradually and reaching maximum values by the 64th day of PD. Our data allows to assume that the administration of SV to pregnant females affects the activity of the dopamine and serotonergic systems of the brain of the offspring causing a decrease in their activity in the striatum by the 15th day of PD followed by restoration to control values by the 64th day, which we previously observed in male pups. Thus, the patterns of dynamic changes in the neurochemical profile do not differ between males and females.</p>","PeriodicalId":19119,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Journal","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of 5-HT1A Receptor Antagonist and 5-HT2A Receptor Agonist on Morphine Withdrawal","authors":"Mahdi Ramezani, Siamak Shahidi, Simin Afshar, Parisa Habibi, Nasrin Hashemi-Firouzi","doi":"10.1134/s1819712424020120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1819712424020120","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Chronic administration of morphine causes physical dependence, possibly through serotonin 5‑HT_1A receptor (5-HT_1AR) and 5-HT_2A receptor (5-HT_1AR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 5-HT_1AR antagonist, NAD 299 hydrochloride (NAD 299), and 5-HT_2A R agonist (TCB-2) on the withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent mice. Adult male mice were randomly divided into five groups. Three groups of mice were treated with NAD-299 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) and TCB-2 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 min before naloxone injection (3 mg/kg, s.c.) to investigate the effect of the 5-HT_1AR antagonist and 5-HT_2AR agonist on morphine withdrawal syndrome. Morphine was administered subcutaneously with increasing daily doses at 12-h intervals for five days to induce dependence. The withdrawal symptoms, including jumping, abdomen writhing, body weight loss, and head shakes, were recorded for 30 min. Cortisol and total antioxidant levels were assessed 2 h after the morphine withdrawal test. There was a reduction in total withdrawal score and an increase in head shakes and total antioxidant capacity in the NAD-299 + morphine group compared to the morphine group. The TCB-2 + morphine group exhibited an increase in jumping and a decrease in writhing, head shakes, and withdrawal score compared to the morphine group. The NAD-299 + TCB-2 + morphine group showed a decrease in the number of jumping and total withdrawal score, and an increase in the head shakes and cortisol levels compared to the morphine group. The combined treatment with NAD-299 and TCB-2 modulates the morphine withdrawal syndrome and increases cortisol levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":19119,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Journal","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Anti-Convulsant Effects of Carvacrol in Penicillin- and Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Rat Models of Epilepsy","authors":"Handan Eksik, Seyit Ankarali, Ibrahim Ethem Torun, Erkan Kilinc, Handan Ankarali","doi":"10.1134/s181971242402003x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s181971242402003x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Epileptic seizures are caused by abnormal neuronal excitation. It is well established that carvacrol, a monoterpenoid phenol, is able to inhibit the voltage-gated sodium channels and L-type Ca²⁺ channels and enhance activation of GABA(A) receptors. We therefore hypothesize that carvacrol may prevent epileptic seizures by inhibiting neuronal cation influx and facilitating anion influx. Herein, we investigated possible anti-convulsant effects of carvacrol on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in rats. 63 male Wistar rats were assigned to the penicillin- and the pentylenetetrazole-induced groups. Both subgroups received three different doses of carvacrol (25, 75, and 150 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Seizure stage, onset-times of both myoclonic-jerk and generalized tonic-clonic seizures and the duration of generalized tonic-clonic seizure were evaluated using Racine’s scale in PTZ group, while spike frequency and the amplitude of epileptiform discharges were evaluated in the penicillin-induced group. The administration of carvacrol significantly extended the onset time of the first myoclonic jerk (150 mg/kg, <i>p</i> = 0.019) and decreased the number of spike-waves (75 mg/kg, <i>p</i> = 0.033). This study showed that carvacrol has the anti-convulsant effect. However, this effect was observed at a low level. The limited the anti-convulsant effect of carvacrol may be due to its insufficient of acute effect related to the transition of carvacrol to the epileptic focus. More studies are needed to evaluate the effect of carvacrol on chronic epilepsy models and its molecular and pharmacokinetic mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19119,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Protective Potential of Sugammadex against PTZ-Induced Epileptic Seizures in Mice: A Comprehensive Study on Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Autophagy","authors":"Mustafa Karademir, Aysegül Öztürk, Fatih Yulak, Mustafa Özkaraca, Ahmet Sevki Taskiran","doi":"10.1134/s1819712424020181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1819712424020181","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Sugammadex (SUG) is a modified γ-cyclodextrin molecule used in patients under general anesthesia to reverse the effects of neuromuscular blocking agents. Besides, recent studies have shown that SUG positively affects the nervous system. However, its effect on seizures is still unclear. The current study aimed to examine the effects of SUG on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epileptic seizures in mice. The mice were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 was controlled, group 2 was administered saline (1 mL/kg serum physiologic), and Groups 3 and 4 were administered Sugammadex (150 and 300 mg/kg). Pentylenetetrazole (60 mg/kg) was given to induce seizures 30 min after saline or drug administration except for the control group. Total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels in the hippocampus and cortex were measured using a commercial kit. 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 4-hydroxynonenal (4‑HNE), 3,3 dityrosine, caspase-3, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and light chain 3 (LC3B) levels in the hippocampal CA1 region and cortex after seizures were evaluated immunohistochemical staining. SUG reduced seizure stages and increased epileptic seizure onset times. Moreover, it decreased TOS levels and increased TAS levels in the hippocampus and cortex. Besides, after seizures, it reduced 4-HNE, 3,3 dityrosandine, caspase-3, and LC3B immunohistochemical scores in the hippocampal CA1 region and cortex. SUG has protective effects on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice, alleviating seizures, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. The anticonvulsant mechanism of SUG may be related to the inhibition of the oxidative stress pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":19119,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Journal","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141173204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of P2Y2 Receptors Promotes Neuromuscular Junction Formation during Muscle Reinnervation","authors":"Xianmin Song, Yingna Gao, Wei Wang, Hongliang Zheng, Minhui Zhu, Meng Li, Shicai Chen","doi":"10.1134/s1819712424020144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1819712424020144","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), as neurotransmitter, is known to be an activity-dependent signaling molecule that regulates synaptic signaling. It is known to be co-released with acetylcholine from synaptic vesicle. The P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) is present in gastrocnemius muscles and co-localizes with post-synaptic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). Accumulating evidence indicates that P2Y2R plays crucial roles in assembling neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), a peripheral synapse characterized by the clustering of AChRs on post-synaptic densities. This study investigated the alterations in P2Y2R expression during muscle reinnervation and the effect on NMJ formation. We found that P2Y2R consistently co-localized with AChR and sustained high expression in post-synaptic regions during muscle reinnervation. Notably, PSB1114-dependent stimulation of P2Y2R promoted NMJ formation and muscle reinnervation. The stimulatory effect of PSB1114 was significantly blocked by administration of the P2Y2R antagonist suramin. This study revealed distinctive patterns of expression and localization and a potential role of P2Y2R in promoting NMJ formation and regeneration during skeletal muscle reinnervation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19119,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Pyridine Oxime Derivative (GIZh-298) and Sodium Valproate on the Neurotransmitter Amino Acids Content in the Brain Structures of Mice in the Maximal Electroshock Seizure Test","authors":"V. B. Narkevich, S. A. Litvinova, K. A. Kasabov, A. A. Yakovleva, V. S. Kudrin, T. A. Voronina","doi":"10.1134/s1819712424020107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1819712424020107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—Here we studied the effects of anti-epileptic substance GIZh-298 and the drug of comparison sodium valproate (NaV) on the contents of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in the frontal cortex, hypothalamus, striatum, and hippocampus of the mouse brain in a model of generalized tonic-clonic seizures induced by maximal electroshock (MES). The levels of excitatory amino acids such as aspartate in the hypothalamus and glutamate in the hippocampus were decreased by 20.8 and 16.7%, respectively, and of inhibitory amino acids, such as glycine, GABA, and taurine were also decreased by 16–20% in average in those structures 5 min after the MES application indicating the exhaustion of aminoacidic neurotransmission. Intragastric administration of NaV at a dose of 200 mg/kg, which causes the anti-seizure effect, prevented the MES-induced decrease in the content of GABA and the GABA/glutamate ratio in the hypothalamus. NaV similarly decreased the aspartate level in the hypothalamus, striatum, and hippocampus in the intact group of mice and in mice after seizures. Intragastric administration of GIZh-298 at a dose of 60 mg/kg prevented the MES-evoked decrease in the GABA/glutamate ratio and the levels of GABA, glycine, and taurine in the hypothalamus.</p>","PeriodicalId":19119,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Coblation versus Traditional Tonsillectomy for Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis: Impact on Serum Stress Indicators, Inflammatory Mediator Levels, Postoperative Pain, and Complications","authors":"Gaoqing Luo, Ming Gao, Qinghua Lin, Xiaoyue Xu, Yanfei Cai","doi":"10.1134/s1819712424020089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1819712424020089","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This study aims to compare the clinical efficacy of coblation tonsillectomy with that of conventional tonsillectomy for the treatment of chronic tonsillitis (CT). The clinical data of 87 patients with CT treated in our hospital from November 2020 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical protocol. Among them, 43 patients treated with traditional tonsillectomy were set as control group, and 44 patients treated with coblation tonsillectomy were set as study group. We compared perioperative indexes, serum stress indicators (PCT, Cor, PGE2, PGF2α), inflammatory mediator levels (CRP, TNF-α, WBC, NLR), pain level (VAS score), immune function (T lymphocyte subpopulation) at different time points, and complications between the two groups. The study group had significantly lower intraoperative bleeding, shorter operation time, feeding and hospitalization time, and longer time for complete regression of yellow-white scabs than the control group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). At 1 day postoperatively, the study group had significantly lower levels of serum PCT, Cor, CRP, TNF-α, WBC, and NLR than the control group, while PGE2 and PGF2α levels decreased in both groups (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). At 1, 3, 5, and 7 day after surgery, the VAS scores were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). At 1 week after surgery, the study group had significantly higher levels of CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ and significantly lower levels of CD8+ than the control group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The complication rate in the study group (4.55%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (20.93%) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Coblation tonsillectomy is less traumatic for CT patients, effectively reduces the degree of postoperative pain, decreases stress response, suppresses inflammatory response, improves immune function, reduces complications, and promotes postoperative recovery compared with traditional tonsillectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19119,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Journal","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between White Matter Changes and Clinical Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder","authors":"Fei Fei Zhao, Yi Chang Jin, Xin Liang Chen","doi":"10.1134/s181971242402017x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s181971242402017x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>To analyse the structural characteristics and fibre integrity of white matter in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and its relationship with depressive symptoms. Patients with MDD admitted to Wenzhou Seventh People’ Hospital between September 2021 and May 2023 were recruited as participants in the experimental group, and healthy volunteers matching in gender, age and years of education were recruited during the same period as the control group. The two groups were compared in terms of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD) and axial diffusivity (AD). The relationship between the white matter volume and the values of FA, MD and AD in different brain regions and the severity of depressive symptoms in the experimental group was analysed. Fifty-eight patients were included in the experimental group, and 60 healthy controls in the control group. In the experimental group, the white matter volume of the right inferior frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-17) score (<i>r</i> = ‒0.355, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), and the left parietal gyrus was negatively correlated with the HAMD-17 score (<i>r</i> = –0.361, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The FA value in the occipital radiations of the corpus callosum of the white matter was negatively correlated with the HAMD-17 score (<i>r</i> = –0.410, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the MD value of the left and right anterior thalamic radiation of white matter was negatively correlated with the HAMD-17 score (<i>r</i> = –0.389, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05; <i>r</i> = –0.489, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01, respectively), and the AD value showed a negative correlation with the HAMD-17 score (<i>r</i> = –0.446, –0.405, respectively, both <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Patients with MDD suffer from decreased white matter volume and impaired fibre integrity of white matter, including in the parietal lobe, corpus callosum, corticospinal tract and inferior longitudinal tract. Abnormalities in white matter structure and fibre integrity have a close bearing on the severity of MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19119,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caspase-3 Activity and Autophagy Intensity in the Development of Neuronal Resistance to Glutamate Toxicity","authors":"O. P. Aleksandrova, D. V. Kuznetsova, A. A. Lyzhin, L. G. Khaspekov, N. V. Gulyaeva, A. A. Yakovlev","doi":"10.1134/s1819712424020028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1819712424020028","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Two periods of autophagy activation with a different significance for the development of resistance were demonstrated in the model of neuronal resistance to the toxic glutamate challenge (trophic factor deprivation). The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) at a concentration of 1.25 mM significantly suppressed resistance development but only if applied immediately after deprivation of trophic factors. Inhibition of autophagy with 3-MA during deprivation did not affect resistance production. In addition, activation of autophagy caused a decrease in caspase-3 activity, although the mechanism of this process remains unclear. We hypothesize that development of resistance in neurons is mediated by a decrease in caspase-3 activity caused by autophagy activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19119,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graded Differentiation of Glioma in GSK-3 β: The Study and Analysis of the Expression Difference and Its Significance in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Apoptosis Pathway","authors":"Hong Song, Guoliang Mao, Nanlin Jiao, Wanwan Gao, Rui Pang","doi":"10.1134/s1819712424020156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1819712424020156","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Glioma accounts for 80% of malignant central nervous system, with high incidence and extremely difficult to cure. However, for the role of ER stress apoptosis in tumor has caused great attention, the neuronal polarity molecule glycogen synthase kinase-3 β(GSK-3 β) endoplasmic network stress apoptosis pathway in tumor mechanism is a hot research in recent years, but for GSK-3 β ER stress apoptosis pathway in different levels of glioma research is extremely rare. In this experiment, we jointly explored the significance of GSK-3 β ER apoptosis pathway in different grades of glioma, which provided a strong basis for the precise treatment of glioma. 35 inpatients from December 2021 to December 2022 were enrolled into the different grades of glioma group and the normal control group. Tumor tissue was classified according to medical pathology. The other five normal brain tissues were obtained from the normal brain tissue of the fistula created in non-functional areas. One of the brain samples was stored for the apoptosis index (AI) of TUNEL (chromogenic method), and another part was stored in liquid nitrogen for the expression of GRP78, IRE 1, ATF 6, PERK, p-Tyr216-GSK-3 β, p-Ser 9-GSK-3 β, and Caspase-3. The AI values of different grades of glioma and normal control groups showed that the normal control, low-grade glioma and high-grade glioma groups were 8. 131 ± 0.234, 68.523 ± 1.392 and 22. 421 ± 0.236, respectively. The AI value was higher in the glioma group than in the normal controls (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), while the AI value in the glioma group was negatively correlated with its malignancy (<i>r</i> = –0.725, <i>P</i> = 0.000). Western blot showed: compared with the normal control group, apoptosis initiation protein GRP78 expression, IRE 1, ATF 6, PERK decreased (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05); pathway key protein p-Ser 9-GSK-3 β increased, and p-Tyr216-GSK-3 β decreased (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05); pathway executive protein Caspase-3 increased (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). However, the apoptosis initiation protein GRP78, IRE 1, ATF 6, PERK increased (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05); pathway key protein p-Ser 9-GSK-3 β decreased and p-Tyr216-GSK-3 β was increased (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05); pathway execution protein Caspase-3 expression decreased (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: the AI value of low-grade glioma is higher than that of high-grade glioma, indicating that the progression of brain glioma may inhibit cell apoptosis. The increased apoptosis index and the expression changes of GSK-3 β ER stress cell apoptosis pathway in the glioma group indicate that the apoptosis pathway in GSK-3 β ER stress cells was initiated and executed in glioma. In low-grade glioma cells, there may be a mechanism to inhibit IRE 1, ATF 6, PERK, and p-Tyr216-GSK-3 β expression, which further promotes cell apoptosis and inhibited tumor progression. And with the progression of glioma, The expression of IRE 1, ATF 6, PERK, GRP78, and p-Tyr216-GSK-3 β was gradu","PeriodicalId":19119,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}