Journal of Diabetes Investigation最新文献

{"title":"Delineating the transcriptional atlas for impaired insulin secretion: A window into type 2 diabetes pathophysiology","authors":"Jian Li,&nbsp;Jin Yang,&nbsp;Tianpei Hong","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14060","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jdi.14060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic islet β-cells is a major cause of metabolic dysregulation and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Complete transcriptomic characterization of islets in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has yet to be completed, and it remains challenging to link insulin secretion dysfunction with precise changes in gene expression. There are several ongoing initiatives aimed at enabling the discovery of regulatory molecules that might contribute to insulin secretion dysfunction and whole-body glucose homeostasis impairment. In one such line of research, Bacos <i>et al</i>.<span>¹</span> obtained evidence suggesting that the gene <i>PAX5</i> might play an important role in impaired insulin secretion in human islets (Figure 1).</p><p>Given the established differences between mouse and human islets, type 2 diabetes mellitus candidate genes that were identified in mice might not have the same regulative effects on human islets. There is an unmet need for powerful transcriptomic analyses that can be applied to human islets isolated from individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nondiabetic controls. Due to the difficulties associated with obtaining human islets, most human islet transcriptomic studies thus far have involved small cohorts and have lacked functional validation. Bacos <i>et al</i>.<span>¹</span> generated a ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) resource bank from the large Lund University Diabetes Center pancreatic islet cohort. It is one of the largest existing type 2 diabetes mellitus human islet cohorts in existence, providing an extensive gene expression resource based on 309 islet preparations in total from individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nondiabetic controls. They then identified 395 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the Lund University Diabetes Center cohort, and further performed some functional validation of DEGs <i>in vitro</i>.</p><p>The utility of transcriptomic resources can be affirmed by robust replication of DEGs across studies and databases. To date, few DEG replication studies in type 2 diabetes mellitus human islets have been reported, and the various studies in the literature showing replication have been relatively small, including the work by Bacos <i>et al</i>.<span>¹</span> Unsurprisingly, the variance in demographic and pathophysiological profiles among sample donors affects DEG overlap across study cohorts. There remains a need to analyze human islets from a more diverse donor pool, and larger cohorts to clarify whether islet gene expression differs among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in relation to demographic and pathophysiological variables. Another important factor affecting DEG overlap is the particular screen technology applied. RNA-Seq, microarray analysis and other screening technologies have been used to identify genes with altered expression in type 2 diabetes mellitus human islets, generating transcriptiona","PeriodicalId":190,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"14 11","pages":"1231-1233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10175128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A subtype of laminopathies: Generalized lipodystrophy-associated progeroid syndrome caused by LMNA gene c.29C>T mutation","authors":"Shipeng Huang,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Zuan Zhan,&nbsp;Shuhao Gong","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.14055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The term laminopathies refers to a group of congenital diseases characterized by accelerated degeneration of human tissues. Mutations in LMNA, LMNB, ZMPSTE24, and other genes lead to structural and functional abnormalities associated with lamins. One subtype of laminopathy is the generalized lipodystrophy-associated progeroid syndrome (GLPS), which occurs in patients with heterozygous mutations of the LMNA gene c.29C&gt;T(p.T10I). This paper reports the first case of GLPS in China and compares the clinical features of other GLPS patients with literature reports. A 16-year-old male patient was treated for diabetic ketoacidosis, presenting with premature aging appearance, systemic lipodystrophy, severe fatty liver, and decreased bone density. After peripheral blood DNA extraction and second-generation sequencing, a heterozygous mutation of exon 1 of the LMNA gene c.29C&gt;T(p.T10I) was detected. This case of GLPS may provide a diagnostic and therapeutic basis for potential patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":190,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"14 10","pages":"1221-1225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41081519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity of the short-form five-item Problem Area in Diabetes questionnaire as a depression screening tool in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients","authors":"Donovan Tay,&nbsp;Marvin Chua,&nbsp;Joan Khoo","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.14051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims/Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Depression is prevalent in diabetes patients and associated with poor outcomes, but is currently underdiagnosed, with no firm consensus on screening methods. We evaluated the validity of the short-form five-item Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID-5) questionnaire as a screening tool for depression, comparing it with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 208 English-speaking adults with type 2 diabetes, recruited from outpatient clinics, completed the BDI-II, PHQ-9 and PAID-5 questionnaires in English. Cronbach's α was used for internal reliability. Convergent validity was examined with BDI-II and PHQ-9. Receiver operating characteristics analyses were used to identify optimal PAID-5 cut-offs for the diagnosis of depression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All three screening tools were highly reliable, with BDI-II, PHQ-9 and PAID-5 having a Cronbach's α of 0.910, 0.870 and 0.940, respectively. There was a good correlation between BDI-II and PHQ-9, with a correlation co-efficient (<i>r</i>) of 0.73; and a moderate correlation between PAID-5 and PHQ-9, and PAID-5 and BDI-II, with <i>r</i> of 0.55 and 0.55 respectively (<i>P</i> values &lt;0.01). An optimal PAID-5 cut-off ≥9 corresponded to both a BDI-II cut-off &gt;14 (sensitivity 72%, specificity 784%, area under the curve 0.809) and a PHQ-9 cut-off &gt;10 (sensitivity 84%, specificity 74%, area under the curve 0.806). Using a PAID-5 cut-off ≥9, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 36.1%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Depressive symptoms are prevalent in people with type 2 diabetes, with the degree of distress significantly related to the severity of depressive symptoms. PAID-5 is a valid and reliable screening tool, and a score ≥9 could prompt further confirmation for depression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":190,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"14 9","pages":"1128-1135"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5728989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of animal models to diabetes research: Its history, significance, and translation to humans","authors":"Soroku Yagihashi","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.14034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diabetes mellitus is still expanding globally and is epidemic in developing countries. The combat of this plague has caused enormous economic and social burdens related to a lowered quality of life in people with diabetes. Despite recent significant improvements of life expectancy in patients with diabetes, there is still a need for efforts to elucidate the complexities and mechanisms of the disease processes to overcome this difficult disorder. To this end, the use of appropriate animal models in diabetes studies is invaluable for translation to humans and for the development of effective treatment. In this review, a variety of animal models of diabetes with spontaneous onset in particular will be introduced and discussed for their implication in diabetes research.</p>","PeriodicalId":190,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"14 9","pages":"1015-1037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6102867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"miR-31 ameliorates type 2 diabetic vascular damage through up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor-A","authors":"Yuan Fu,&nbsp;Ruochen Du,&nbsp;Yufei Wang,&nbsp;Yitong Yuan,&nbsp;Yujuan Zhang,&nbsp;Chunfang Wang,&nbsp;Xuanping Zhang","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.14039","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>microRNA may be a new therapeutic direction for diabetes. As a typical tumor marker, miR-31 is involved in a variety of metabolic diseases, but the specific role is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-31 on type 2 diabetes mellitus and its accompanying vascular injury, as well as on the effects of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α inhibitor (HIF1AN), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A expression <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>In vitro</i>, a model of high-fat and high-glucose-induced human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) injury was established to simulate diabetes mellitus (DM). Cell functions were compared between the control group, the DM damage group, and the group transfected with miR-31 after DM damage. <i>In vivo</i>, overexpressing miR-31 FVB mice and FVB mice were divided into the control and induced type 2 diabetes mellitus groups. Type 2 diabetes mellitus models were induced by a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin. The lipid metabolism levels, viscera, and vascular damage were compared between the control and type 2 diabetes mellitus groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>In vitro</i>, miR-31 improved the proliferation ability of damaged cells by targeting HIF1AN and up-regulating the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF-A. <i>In vivo</i>, miR-31 ameliorated the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, disturbance of glucose and lipid metabolism, and damage to some organs. Meanwhile, miR-31 had a protective effect on vascular damage complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus by increasing the levels of HIF-1α and VEGF-A.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our experiments show that miR-31 can delay the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus and ameliorate diabetic vascular injury.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":190,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"14 9","pages":"1070-1080"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6089076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-classical monocytes frequency and serum vitamin D3 levels are linked to diabetic foot ulcer associated with peripheral artery disease","authors":"Reham Hammad,&nbsp;Maisa A Abdel Wahab,&nbsp;Nehal Farouk,&nbsp;Mohamed Yahia Zakaria,&nbsp;Mona A Eldosoky,&nbsp;Asmaa A Elmadbouly,&nbsp;Sara A Tahoun,&nbsp;Eman Mahmoud,&nbsp;Seham K Khirala,&nbsp;Amena Rezk Mohammed,&nbsp;Wafaa Abdelaziz Emam,&nbsp;Asmaa A Abo Elqasem,&nbsp;Fatma M Kotb,&nbsp;Rasha Abd Elaziz Abd Elghany","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.14048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims/Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Peripheral artery disease (PAD) serves as a risk factor for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). PAD pathology involves atherosclerosis and impaired immunity. Non-classical monocytes are believed to have an anti-inflammatory role. 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D (vitamin D₃) is claimed to have immune-modulating and lipid-regulating roles. Vitamin D receptor is expressed on monocytes. We aimed to investigate if circulating non-classical monocytes and vitamin D₃ were implicated in DFUs associated with PAD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were two groups of DFU patients: group 1 (<i>n</i> = 40) included patients with first-degree DFUs not associated with PAD, and group 2 (<i>n</i> = 50) included patients with DFU with PAD. The monocyte phenotypes were detected using flow cytometry. Vitamin D₃ was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DFU patients with PAD showed a significant reduction in the frequency of non-classical monocytes and vitamin D₃ levels, when compared with DFU patients without PAD. The percentage of non-classical monocytes positively correlated with vitamin D₃ level (<i>r</i> = 0.4, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01) and high-density lipoprotein (<i>r</i> = 0.5, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), whereas it was negatively correlated with cholesterol (<i>r</i> = −0.5, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Vitamin D₃ was negatively correlated with triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (<i>r</i> = −0.4, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Regression analysis showed that a high vitamin D₃ serum level was a protective factor against PAD occurrence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-classical monocytes frequency and vitamin D₃ levels were significantly reduced in DFU patients with PAD. Non-classical monocytes frequency was associated with vitamin D₃ in DFUs patients, and both parameters were linked to lipid profile. Vitamin D₃ upregulation was a risk-reducing factor for PAD occurrence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":190,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"14 10","pages":"1192-1201"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41081848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noninvasive evaluation of donor and native pancreases following simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation using positron emission tomography/computed tomography","authors":"Takaaki Murakami,&nbsp;Toshihiro Nakamura,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Fujimoto,&nbsp;Junji Fujikura,&nbsp;Yoichi Shimizu,&nbsp;Kanae K. Miyake,&nbsp;Daisuke Otani,&nbsp;Kentaro Sakaki,&nbsp;Sakura Kiyobayashi,&nbsp;Takayuki Anazawa,&nbsp;Yuji Nakamoto,&nbsp;Nobuya Inagaki","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.14045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is crucial to develop practical and noninvasive methods to assess the functional beta-cell mass in a donor pancreas, in which monitoring and precise evaluation is challenging. A patient with type 1 diabetes underwent noninvasive imaging following simultaneous kidney–pancreas transplantation with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using an exendin-based probe, [¹⁸F]FB(ePEG12)12-exendin-4. Following transplantation, PET imaging with [¹⁸F]FB(ePEG12)12-exendin-4 revealed simultaneous and distinct accumulations in the donor and native pancreases. The pancreases were outlined at a reasonable distance from the surrounding organs using [¹⁸F]FB(ePEG12)12-exendin-4 whole-body maximum intensity projection and axial PET images. At 1 and 2 h after [¹⁸F]FB(ePEG12)12-exendin-4 administration, the mean standardized uptake values were 2.96 and 3.08, respectively, in the donor pancreas and 1.97 and 2.25, respectively, in the native pancreas. [¹⁸F]FB(ePEG12)12-exendin-4 positron emission tomography imaging allowed repeatable and quantitative assessment of beta-cell mass following simultaneous kidney–pancreas transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":190,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"14 10","pages":"1187-1191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41082024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of countermeasure for polypharmacy by multidisciplinary team review in patients with diabetes mellitus","authors":"Shohei Nishida,&nbsp;Takehiro Kato,&nbsp;Yuichi Hayashi,&nbsp;Shoya Yamada,&nbsp;Hironori Fujii,&nbsp;Michi Yamada,&nbsp;Nao Asai,&nbsp;Shinya Shimizu,&nbsp;Takashi Niwa,&nbsp;Hirotoshi Iihara,&nbsp;Sodai Kubota,&nbsp;Mayu Sakai,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Takahashi,&nbsp;Ken Takao,&nbsp;Masami Mizuno,&nbsp;Takuo Hirota,&nbsp;Ryo Kobayashi,&nbsp;Yukio Horikawa,&nbsp;Daisuke Yabe,&nbsp;Akio Suzuki","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.14046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims/Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polypharmacy in diabetes patients is related to worse clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of our countermeasure for polypharmacy, which combines a pharmacist check followed by a multidisciplinary team review in diabetic patients with polypharmacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A single-center, retrospective observational study was conducted at Gifu University Hospital. Study participants included diabetic patients taking six or more drugs on admission to the diabetes ward between July 2021 and June 2022. Drugs which were discontinued by the present countermeasure were examined, and the number of drugs being taken by each patient was compared between admission and discharge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>102 of 308 patients were taking six or more drugs on admission. The drugs being taken by these patients were evaluated by pharmacists using a checklist for polypharmacy. Eighty-four drugs which were evaluated as inappropriate or potentially inappropriate medications by pharmacists were discontinued following the multidisciplinary team review. The median and mean number of drugs taken by the 102 patients significantly decreased from 9.0 (IQR: 8–12) and 9.26 ± 2.64 on admission to 9.0 (IQR: 6–10) and 8.42 ± 2.95 on discharge (<i>P</i> = 0.0002). We followed up with these patients after discontinuation of the drugs and confirmed that their clinical status had not deteriorated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present countermeasure for polypharmacy, which combines a pharmacist check based on a checklist for evaluating polypharmacy followed by a multidisciplinary team review, was useful for reducing the number of inappropriate or potentially inappropriate medications taken by diabetes patients with polypharmacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":190,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"14 10","pages":"1202-1208"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41082161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor in clinical diabetes management: Potential benefits and pitfalls","authors":"Tomoko Kato,&nbsp;Takaaki Murakami,&nbsp;Daisuke Yabe,&nbsp;Norio Harada","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.14044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The possible mechanism of increased urinary C-peptide due to neprilysin inhibitors is investigated. Neprilysin inhibition blocks degradation of natriuretic peptides, and elicits a natriuretic and antihypertensive effect. Neprilysin inhibition might similarly block degradation of C-peptides in the kidney and thus increase the urinary C-peptide level.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":190,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"14 9","pages":"1038-1040"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6038421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serine supplementation: Is it a new option for the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy?","authors":"Hiroki Mizukami","doi":"10.1111/jdi.14047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.14047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Subjects with diabetes develop marked disturbances in amino acid metabolism and the concentration in plasma and tissues. Most consistently, the levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids are increased, and the levels of <span>l</span>-serine and glycine are decreased<span>¹</span>. Aberrant nonessential amino acid metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Elevated levels of plasma BCAAs have been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes since the 1960s<span>²</span>. A cluster of obesity-associated changes in the specific amino acid, acylcarnitine, and organic acid metabolites in obese compared with lean subjects was also associated with insulin resistance. Although it is also speculated that disturbances in aminoacidemia play a role in the development of diabetic complications, their pathogenesis has not been sufficiently elucidated in detail.</p><p>Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most frequent complication among diabetic patients. Its symptoms are pain, hyperalgesia, hypoalgesia, and paralysis, which can decrease the quality of life of patients. In diabetic peripheral neuropathy, peripheral nerve fibers are affected from the prediabetic stage. Because diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a retrograde-type neuropathy, small nerve fibers located in the epidermis or cornea are first degraded. Small nerve fibers consist of myelinated Aδ fibers and unmyelinated C fibers. Small fiber neuropathy is a disorder of these nerve fibers, manifesting as spontaneous pain or loss of pain sensation with reduction of their density. As diabetic peripheral neuropathy progresses, large myelinated fibers are also decreased with segmental demyelination and microvascular changes, such as thickening of the vascular wall and stenosis of intraneuronal vessels. Without proper treatment, these patients develop paralysis or ulcer formation on the foot. To date, diabetic peripheral neuropathy is thought to be caused by aberrant glucose metabolism in neuronal cells, Schwann cells and endothelial cells in the peripheral nervous system. Abnormal glycemic metabolism elicits nerve dysfunction with activation of the polyol pathway, protein kinase C, advanced glycation end products and its receptor, the receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) pathway, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Clinically, in addition to hyperglycemia, metabolic syndrome, including dyslipidemia, obesity and hypertension, is well known to be a contributor to the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. In addition to glucose and fatty acid metabolism, recent metabolomics studies have revealed the involvement of another metabolite, glucosamine, in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Lower baseline amino acid levels such as asparagine and glutamine were correlated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in a small sample of subjects with type 1 diabetes<span>³</span>. Thus, to","PeriodicalId":190,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation","volume":"14 10","pages":"1157-1159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jdi.14047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41081658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}