Nature neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Integrating brainstem and cortical functional architectures","authors":"Justine Y. Hansen, Simone Cauzzo, Kavita Singh, María Guadalupe García-Gomar, James M. Shine, Marta Bianciardi, Bratislav Misic","doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01787-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-024-01787-0","url":null,"abstract":"The brainstem is a fundamental component of the central nervous system, yet it is typically excluded from in vivo human brain mapping efforts, precluding a complete understanding of how the brainstem influences cortical function. In this study, we used high-resolution 7-Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging to derive a functional connectome encompassing cortex and 58 brainstem nuclei spanning the midbrain, pons and medulla. We identified a compact set of integrative hubs in the brainstem with widespread connectivity with cerebral cortex. Patterns of connectivity between brainstem and cerebral cortex manifest as neurophysiological oscillatory rhythms, patterns of cognitive functional specialization and the unimodal–transmodal functional hierarchy. This persistent alignment between cortical functional topographies and brainstem nuclei is shaped by the spatial arrangement of multiple neurotransmitter receptors and transporters. We replicated all findings using 3-Tesla data from the same participants. Collectively, this work demonstrates that multiple organizational features of cortical activity can be traced back to the brainstem. Hansen et al. used in vivo functional imaging of the human brainstem and cortex to demonstrate how the brainstem shapes cortical functional architecture, including oscillatory dynamics, cognitive specialization and hierarchical organization.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"27 12","pages":"2500-2511"},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-024-01787-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hippocampal CA2 region discriminates social threat from social safety","authors":"Pegah Kassraian, Shivani K. Bigler, Diana M. Gilly Suarez, Neilesh Shrotri, Anastasia Barnett, Heon-Jin Lee, W. Scott Young, Steven A. Siegelbaum","doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01771-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-024-01771-8","url":null,"abstract":"The dorsal cornu ammonis 2 (dCA2) region of the hippocampus enables the discrimination of novel from familiar conspecifics. However, the neural bases for more complex social–spatial episodic memories are unknown. Here we report that the spatial and social contents of an aversive social experience require distinct hippocampal regions. While dorsal CA1 (dCA1) pyramidal neurons mediate the memory of an aversive location, dCA2 pyramidal neurons enable the discrimination of threat-associated (CS+) from safety-associated (CS−) conspecifics in both female and male mice. Silencing dCA2 during encoding or recall trials disrupted social fear discrimination memory, resulting in fear responses toward both the CS+ and CS− mice. Calcium imaging revealed that the aversive experience strengthened and stabilized dCA2 representations of both the CS+ and CS− mice, with the incorporation of an abstract representation of social valence into representations of social identity. Thus, dCA2 contributes to both social novelty detection and the adaptive discrimination of threat-associated from safety-associated individuals during an aversive social episodic experience. The hippocampal dorsal CA2 enables the recognition of novel conspecifics. Kassraian et al. show that it is also required for discriminating safety- versus threat-associated conspecifics and that its disruption gives rise to generalized social avoidance.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"27 11","pages":"2193-2206"},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142436324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-disease resource of living human microglia identifies disease-enriched subsets and tool compounds recapitulating microglial states","authors":"John F. Tuddenham, Mariko Taga, Verena Haage, Victoria S. Marshe, Tina Roostaei, Charles White, Annie J. Lee, Masashi Fujita, Anthony Khairallah, Ya Zhang, Gilad Green, Bradley Hyman, Matthew Frosch, Sarah Hopp, Thomas G. Beach, Geidy E. Serrano, John Corboy, Naomi Habib, Hans-Ulrich Klein, Rajesh Kumar Soni, Andrew F. Teich, Richard A. Hickman, Roy N. Alcalay, Neil Shneider, Julie Schneider, Peter A. Sims, David A. Bennett, Marta Olah, Vilas Menon, Philip L. De Jager","doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01764-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-024-01764-7","url":null,"abstract":"Human microglia play a pivotal role in neurological diseases, but we still have an incomplete understanding of microglial heterogeneity, which limits the development of targeted therapies directly modulating their state or function. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to profile 215,680 live human microglia from 74 donors across diverse neurological diseases and CNS regions. We observe a central divide between oxidative and heterocyclic metabolism and identify microglial subsets associated with antigen presentation, motility and proliferation. Specific subsets are enriched in susceptibility genes for neurodegenerative diseases or the disease-associated microglial signature. We validate subtypes in situ with an RNAscope–immunofluorescence pipeline and high-dimensional MERFISH. We also leverage our dataset as a classification resource, finding that induced pluripotent stem cell model systems capture substantial in vivo heterogeneity. Finally, we identify and validate compounds that recapitulate certain subtypes in vitro, including camptothecin, which downregulates the signature of disease-enriched subtypes and upregulates a signature previously associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Profiling >200,000 live human microglia from 74 donors across neurological diseases reveals 12 subtypes of microglia that were validated in situ. Camptothecin is also identified as a compound reducing disease-enriched microglial subsets.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"27 12","pages":"2521-2537"},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142436339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated multimodal cell atlas of Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Mariano I. Gabitto, Kyle J. Travaglini, Victoria M. Rachleff, Eitan S. Kaplan, Brian Long, Jeanelle Ariza, Yi Ding, Joseph T. Mahoney, Nick Dee, Jeff Goldy, Erica J. Melief, Anamika Agrawal, Omar Kana, Xingjian Zhen, Samuel T. Barlow, Krissy Brouner, Jazmin Campos, John Campos, Ambrose J. Carr, Tamara Casper, Rushil Chakrabarty, Michael Clark, Jonah Cool, Rachel Dalley, Martin Darvas, Song-Lin Ding, Tim Dolbeare, Tom Egdorf, Luke Esposito, Rebecca Ferrer, Lynn E. Fleckenstein, Rohan Gala, Amanda Gary, Emily Gelfand, Jessica Gloe, Nathan Guilford, Junitta Guzman, Daniel Hirschstein, Windy Ho, Madison Hupp, Tim Jarsky, Nelson Johansen, Brian E. Kalmbach, Lisa M. Keene, Sarah Khawand, Mitchell D. Kilgore, Amanda Kirkland, Michael Kunst, Brian R. Lee, Mckaila Leytze, Christine L. Mac Donald, Jocelin Malone, Zoe Maltzer, Naomi Martin, Rachel McCue, Delissa McMillen, Gonzalo Mena, Emma Meyerdierks, Kelly P. Meyers, Tyler Mollenkopf, Mark Montine, Amber L. Nolan, Julie K. Nyhus, Paul A. Olsen, Maiya Pacleb, Chelsea M. Pagan, Nicholas Peña, Trangthanh Pham, Christina Alice Pom, Nadia Postupna, Christine Rimorin, Augustin Ruiz, Giuseppe A. Saldi, Aimee M. Schantz, Nadiya V. Shapovalova, Staci A. Sorensen, Brian Staats, Matt Sullivan, Susan M. Sunkin, Carol Thompson, Michael Tieu, Jonathan T. Ting, Amy Torkelson, Tracy Tran, Nasmil J. Valera Cuevas, Sarah Walling-Bell, Ming-Qiang Wang, Jack Waters, Angela M. Wilson, Ming Xiao, David Haynor, Nicole M. Gatto, Suman Jayadev, Shoaib Mufti, Lydia Ng, Shubhabrata Mukherjee, Paul K. Crane, Caitlin S. Latimer, Boaz P. Levi, Kimberly A. Smith, Jennie L. Close, Jeremy A. Miller, Rebecca D. Hodge, Eric B. Larson, Thomas J. Grabowski, Michael Hawrylycz, C. Dirk Keene, Ed S. Lein","doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01774-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-024-01774-5","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older adults. Although AD progression is characterized by stereotyped accumulation of proteinopathies, the affected cellular populations remain understudied. Here we use multiomics, spatial genomics and reference atlases from the BRAIN Initiative to study middle temporal gyrus cell types in 84 donors with varying AD pathologies. This cohort includes 33 male donors and 51 female donors, with an average age at time of death of 88 years. We used quantitative neuropathology to place donors along a disease pseudoprogression score. Pseudoprogression analysis revealed two disease phases: an early phase with a slow increase in pathology, presence of inflammatory microglia, reactive astrocytes, loss of somatostatin+ inhibitory neurons, and a remyelination response by oligodendrocyte precursor cells; and a later phase with exponential increase in pathology, loss of excitatory neurons and Pvalb+ and Vip+ inhibitory neuron subtypes. These findings were replicated in other major AD studies. The affected cellular populations during Alzheimer’s disease progression remain understudied. Here the authors use a cohort of 84 donors, quantitative neuropathology and multimodal datasets from the BRAIN Initiative. Their pseudoprogression analysis revealed two disease phases.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"27 12","pages":"2366-2383"},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-024-01774-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Parkinson’s disease pathology in human dopaminergic neurons by sequential exposure to α-synuclein fibrils and proinflammatory cytokines","authors":"Armin Bayati, Riham Ayoubi, Adriana Aguila, Cornelia E. Zorca, Ghislaine Deyab, Chanshuai Han, Sherilyn Junelle Recinto, Emmanuelle Nguyen-Renou, Cecilia Rocha, Gilles Maussion, Wen Luo, Irina Shlaifer, Emily Banks, Ian McDowell, Esther Del Cid Pellitero, Xue Er Ding, Behrang Sharif, Philippe Séguéla, Moein Yaqubi, Carol X.-Q. Chen, Zhipeng You, Narges Abdian, Heidi M. McBride, Edward A. Fon, Jo Anne Stratton, Thomas M. Durcan, Patrick C. Nahirney, Peter S. McPherson","doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01775-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-024-01775-4","url":null,"abstract":"Lewy bodies (LBs), α-synuclein-enriched intracellular inclusions, are a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathology, yet a cellular model for LB formation remains elusive. Recent evidence indicates that immune dysfunction may contribute to the development of PD. In this study, we found that induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human dopaminergic (DA) neurons form LB-like inclusions after treatment with α-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFFs) but only when coupled to a model of immune challenge (interferon-γ or interleukin-1β treatment) or when co-cultured with activated microglia-like cells. Exposure to interferon-γ impairs lysosome function in DA neurons, contributing to LB formation. The knockdown of LAMP2 or the knockout of GBA in conjunction with PFF administration is sufficient for inclusion formation. Finally, we observed that the LB-like inclusions in iPSC-derived DA neurons are membrane bound, suggesting that they are not limited to the cytoplasmic compartment but may be formed due to dysfunctions in autophagy. Together, these data indicate that immune-triggered lysosomal dysfunction may contribute to the development of PD pathology. Bayati et al. discovered that sequential treatment of iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons with α-synuclein fibrils and proinflammatory cytokines leads to the formation of Lewy body–like inclusions, through the downregulation of lysosomal proteins.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"27 12","pages":"2401-2416"},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perturbing the line","authors":"Luis A. Mejia","doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01779-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-024-01779-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"27 10","pages":"1861-1861"},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond category-based object characterization","authors":"Henrietta Howells","doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01781-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-024-01781-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"27 10","pages":"1861-1861"},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oligodendrocytes need lymphatics, emphatically","authors":"Shari Wiseman","doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01778-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-024-01778-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"27 10","pages":"1861-1861"},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA methylation drives astrocyte stemness","authors":"George Andrew S. Inglis","doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01780-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-024-01780-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"27 10","pages":"1861-1861"},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exome sequencing of 20,979 individuals with epilepsy reveals shared and distinct ultra-rare genetic risk across disorder subtypes","authors":"Epi25 Collaborative","doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01747-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-024-01747-8","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying genetic risk factors for highly heterogeneous disorders such as epilepsy remains challenging. Here we present, to our knowledge, the largest whole-exome sequencing study of epilepsy to date, with more than 54,000 human exomes, comprising 20,979 deeply phenotyped patients from multiple genetic ancestry groups with diverse epilepsy subtypes and 33,444 controls, to investigate rare variants that confer disease risk. These analyses implicate seven individual genes, three gene sets and four copy number variants at exome-wide significance. Genes encoding ion channels show strong association with multiple epilepsy subtypes, including epileptic encephalopathies and generalized and focal epilepsies, whereas most other gene discoveries are subtype specific, highlighting distinct genetic contributions to different epilepsies. Combining results from rare single-nucleotide/short insertion and deletion variants, copy number variants and common variants, we offer an expanded view of the genetic architecture of epilepsy, with growing evidence of convergence among different genetic risk loci on the same genes. Top candidate genes are enriched for roles in synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability, particularly postnatally and in the neocortex. We also identify shared rare variant risk between epilepsy and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Our data can be accessed via an interactive browser, hopefully facilitating diagnostic efforts and accelerating the development of follow-up studies. In this largest whole-exome sequencing study of epilepsies to date, the Epi25 Collaborative identified extremely rare variants that confer risk for diverse epilepsy subtypes, highlighting roles in synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"27 10","pages":"1864-1879"},"PeriodicalIF":21.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}