Nature neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Neural anticipation of virtual infection triggers an immune response","authors":"Sara Trabanelli, Michel Akselrod, Julia Fellrath, Giulia Vanoni, Tommaso Bertoni, Silvia Serino, Georgia Papadopoulou, Maren Born, Matteo Girondini, Giuseppe Ercolano, Giulia Ellena, Anthony Cornu, Giulio Mastria, Hector Gallart-Ayala, Julijana Ivanisevic, Petr Grivaz, Maria Paola Paladino, Camilla Jandus, Andrea Serino","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02008-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-02008-y","url":null,"abstract":"Once contact with a pathogen has occurred, it might be too late for the immune system to react. Here, we asked whether anticipatory neural responses might sense potential infections and signal to the immune system, priming it for a response. We show that potential contact with approaching infectious avatars, entering the peripersonal space in virtual reality, are anticipated by multisensory–motor areas and activate the salience network, as measured with psychophysics, electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging. This proactive neural anticipation instigates changes in both the frequency and activation of innate lymphoid cells, mirroring responses seen in actual infections. Alterations in connectivity patterns between infection-sensing brain regions and the hypothalamus, along with modulation of neural mediators, connect these effects to the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Neural network modeling recapitulates this neuro–immune cross-talk. These findings suggest an integrated neuro–immune reaction in humans toward infection threats, not solely following physical contact but already after breaching the functional boundary of body–environment interaction represented by the peripersonal space. Serino et al. show that seeing an infectious avatar approach the body in virtual reality triggers an immune response, indicating that the brain prepares the body to fight infections even for perceived, but not real, threats.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 9","pages":"1968-1977"},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-025-02008-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astrocyte specification in the mouse septum is shaped by both developmental origin and local signals","authors":"Yajun Xie, Christopher M. Reid, Miguel Turrero Garcίa, Fiona Dale-Huang, Alejandro A. Granados, Yi Lu, Jiwen Li, Sarah M. Hanson, Walter R. Mancia Leon, Jonathan Liu, Manal Adam, Olivia Mosto, Angela O. Pisco, Ye Zhang, Arturo Alvarez-Buylla, Corey C. Harwell","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02007-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-02007-z","url":null,"abstract":"Astrocyte specification during development is influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, but the precise contribution of each remains poorly understood. Here we show that mouse septal astrocytes derived from Nkx2.1- and Zic4-expressing progenitor zones are primarily allocated into the medial septal and lateral septal nuclei, respectively. Astrocytes in these areas exhibit distinctive molecular and morphological features. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing, we traced the developmental trajectories of cells in the septum and found that neurons and astrocytes undergo region-specific and developmental-stage-specific local cell–cell interactions. Expression of the morphogens sonic hedgehog and fibroblast growth factors by medial septal and lateral septal neurons, respectively, promote the specification of astrocytes in each region. Finally, heterotopic cell transplantation studies showed that septal astrocyte specification depends on the local microenvironment, regardless of developmental origin. Our data highlight the importance of the local environment in determining astrocyte functional specialization. The relative contribution of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to astrocyte heterogeneity is unknown. Using heterotropic transplantation of septal astrocytes with distinct lineage origins, we show that local factors specify their ultimate identities.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 8","pages":"1676-1687"},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-025-02007-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The synaptic architecture of layer 5 thick tufted excitatory neurons in mouse visual cortex","authors":"Agnes L. Bodor, Casey M. Schneider-Mizell, Chi Zhang, Leila Elabbady, Alex Mallen, Andi Bergeson, Derrick Brittain, JoAnn Buchanan, Daniel J. Bumbarger, Rachel Dalley, Clare Gamlin, Emily Joyce, Daniel Kapner, Sam Kinn, Gayathri Mahalingam, Sharmishtaa Seshamani, Shelby Suckow, Marc Takeno, Russel Torres, Wenjing Yin, J. Alexander Bae, Manuel A. Castro, Sven Dorkenwald, Akhilesh Halageri, Zhen Jia, Chris Jordan, Nico Kemnitz, Kisuk Lee, Kai Li, Ran Lu, Thomas Macrina, Eric Mitchell, Shanka Subhra Mondal, Shang Mu, Barak Nehoran, Sergiy Popovych, William Silversmith, Nicholas L. Turner, Szi-chieh Yu, William Wong, Jingpeng Wu, Brendan Celii, Luke Campagnola, Stephanie C. Seeman, Tim Jarsky, Naixin Ren, Anton Arkhipov, Jacob Reimer, H. Sebastian Seung, R. Clay Reid, Forrest Collman, Nuno Maçarico da Costa","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02004-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-02004-2","url":null,"abstract":"Despite significant progress in characterizing neocortical cell types, a complete understanding of the synaptic connections of individual excitatory cells remains elusive. This study investigates the connectivity of mouse visual cortex thick tufted layer 5 pyramidal cells, also known as extratelencephalic neurons (L5-ETns), using a 1 mm3 publicly available electron microscopy dataset. The analysis reveals that, in their immediate vicinity, L5-ETns primarily establish connections with a group of inhibitory cell types, which, in turn, specifically target the L5-ETns back. The most common excitatory targets of L5-ETns are layer 5 intertelencephalic neurons (L5-ITns) and layer 6 (L6) pyramidal cells, whereas synapses with other L5-ETns are less common. When L5-ETns extend their axons to other cortical regions, they tend to connect more with excitatory cells. Our results highlight a circuit motif where a subclass of excitatory cells forms a subcircuit with specific inhibitory cell types. This is achieved using a publicly available, automated approach for synapse recognition and automated cell typing, offering a framework for exploring the connectivity of other neuron types. This study maps the connections of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the mouse cortex, revealing distinct local and intercortical wiring patterns, and provides an open framework for exploring the connectivity of cell types.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 8","pages":"1704-1715"},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-025-02004-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A neural manifold view of the brain","authors":"Matthew G. Perich, Devika Narain, Juan A. Gallego","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02031-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-02031-z","url":null,"abstract":"Animal behavior arises from the coordinated activity of neural populations that span the entire brain. The activity of large neural populations from an increasing number of brain regions, behaviors and species shows low-dimensional structure. We posit that this structure arises as a result of neural manifolds. Neural manifolds are mathematical descriptions of a meaningful biological entity: the possible collective states of a population of neurons given the constraints, both intrinsic (for example, connectivity) and extrinsic (for example, behavior), to the neural circuit. Here, we explore the link between neural manifolds and behavior, and discuss the insights that the neural manifold framework can provide into brain function. To conclude, we explore existing conceptual gaps in this framework and discuss their implications when building an integrative view of brain function. We thus position neural manifolds as a crucial framework with which to describe how the brain generates behavior. Recent advances in neuroscience have revealed how neural population activity underlying behavior can be well described by topological objects called neural manifolds. Understanding how nature, nurture and other factors shape neural manifolds could illuminate new avenues for defining mechanisms and interventions.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 8","pages":"1582-1597"},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal cue integration and learning in a neural representation of head direction","authors":"Melanie A. Basnak, Anna Kutschireiter, Tatsuo S. Okubo, Albert Chen, Pavel Gorelik, Jan Drugowitsch, Rachel I. Wilson","doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01823-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-024-01823-z","url":null,"abstract":"Navigation requires us to take account of multiple spatial cues with varying levels of informativeness and learn their spatial relationships. Here we investigate this process in the Drosophila head direction system, which functions as a ring attractor and a topographic map of head direction. Using population calcium imaging and multimodal virtual reality environments, we show that increasing cue informativeness improves encoding accuracy and produces a narrower and higher bump of activity. When cues conflict, the more informative cue exerts more weight. A familiar cue is weighted more heavily and used to guide the remapping of a less familiar cue. When a cue is less informative, it is remapped more readily in response to cue conflict. All these results can be explained by an attractor model with plastic sensory synapses. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for how the brain assembles spatial representations through inference and learning. Basnak et al. show that particularly informative spatial cues produce a higher and narrower bump of activity in the Drosophila head direction system. More informative cues can instruct the remapping of other cues to produce a self-consistent map.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 8","pages":"1729-1740"},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-024-01823-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144684526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noradrenergic activation of the basolateral amygdala facilitates memory specificity for similar events experienced close in time","authors":"Erika Atucha, Mariana Pais, Giacomo Ronzoni, Chantal Schoenmaker, Piray Atsak, David Roura, Klara J. Lohkamp, Gustav Schelling, James L. McGaugh, Jeffrey C. Glennon, Armaz Aschrafi, Benno Roozendaal","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02014-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-02014-0","url":null,"abstract":"Noradrenergic activation of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) promotes strong and lasting memories of emotionally arousing experiences. However, in our lives, we often encounter similar events that may be confused and result in emotional strengthening of incorrect associations. Here we provide evidence, in rats, that noradrenergic activation of the BLA promotes the formation of discrete memories of similar events that were experienced close in time, via a miR-134-regulated consolidation process within the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Targeted downregulation of miR-134 in the hippocampus was sufficient to induce memory specificity, without affecting the strength of the memory. Notably, noradrenergic activation of the BLA did not recruit this hippocampal miR-134-mediated mechanism in enhancing memory of a single event. These findings indicate that the BLA engages a qualitatively different neural mechanism on an ‘as-needed’ basis to facilitate the separation of similar memory representations, enabling the selective strengthening of correct associations into long-term memory. Atucha et al. provide evidence that noradrenergic activation of the basolateral amygdala facilitates the formation of discrete memories of similar events experienced close in time via a miR-134-regulated consolidation process within the hippocampus.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 9","pages":"1910-1918"},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144684525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-range cortical GABA neurons oppose binge drinking","authors":"JunShi Wang, Paul J. Kenny","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02030-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-02030-0","url":null,"abstract":"Binge drinking is widespread, but its underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. A recent study identifies a sparse ensemble of GABAergic neurons in the medial orbitofrontal cortex that is activated during binge drinking. These neurons send inhibitory projections to subcortical regions to limit alcohol intake, suggesting new strategies to reduce binge drinking and protect against alcohol use disorder.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 8","pages":"1578-1579"},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144684524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How the retina keeps the precise timing needed for coherent visual perception","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02012-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-02012-2","url":null,"abstract":"To perceive events as simultaneous despite differences in how sensory signals are generated and transmitted, the brain must preserve temporal coherence. We found that retinal ganglion cells adjust the speed with which they transmit neural signals, revealing a mechanism in the human retina to keep visual perception precisely timed.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 9","pages":"1818-1819"},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voltage imaging reveals hippocampal inhibitory dynamics shaping pyramidal memory-encoding sequences","authors":"Jiannis Taxidis, Blake Madruga, Karen Safaryan, Conor C. Dorian, Maxwell D. Melin, Zoë Day, Michael Z. Lin, Peyman Golshani","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02016-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-02016-y","url":null,"abstract":"Hippocampal spiking sequences encode and link behaviorally relevant information across time. How inhibition sculpts these sequences remains unclear. We performed longitudinal voltage imaging of CA1 parvalbumin- and somatostatin-expressing interneurons in mice performing an odor-cued working memory task. Unlike pyramidal odor-specific sequences that encode odor and time throughout a delay period, interneurons encoded odor delivery, but not odor identity or delay time. Odor-triggered inhibition was exerted by stable numbers of interneurons across days, with constant cell turnover, independent of task training. At odor onset, brief spiking of parvalbumin interneurons was followed by widespread hyperpolarization and synchronized theta-paced rebound spiking across interneurons. Electrophysiology, optogenetics and calcium imaging corroborated that parvalbumin interneurons silenced most pyramidal cells during odor delivery, whereas somatostatin interneurons suppressed other interneurons. The few odor-selective pyramidal cells spiked together with interneuronal post-hyperpolarization rebound. Collectively, inhibition increases the signal-to-noise ratio of pyramidal cue representations, enabling efficient encoding of memory-relevant information. Using voltage imaging, the authors show that interneurons in the hippocampus sharpen memory-encoding-activity by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of pyramidal neuron sensory representations during working memory in mice.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 9","pages":"1946-1958"},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-025-02016-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionally diverse human insular architecture with memory-related hippocampal interactions","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02035-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41593-025-02035-9","url":null,"abstract":"Direct and simultaneous recordings across the human brain during a memory encoding task involving emotionally valenced words revealed tightly clustered neuronal sites within the insular cortex with distinct roles — some tracked valence, whereas others predicted memory. Only memory-related insular sites, when electrically stimulated, sparked strong hippocampal responses, uncovering a specialized insula–hippocampus axis for successful memory encoding.","PeriodicalId":19076,"journal":{"name":"Nature neuroscience","volume":"28 8","pages":"1580-1581"},"PeriodicalIF":20.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144640356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}