Nature Energy最新文献_第6页

Lessons from wholesale market success for system service procurement design in high renewable electricity markets 批发市场成功经验对高可再生电力市场系统服务采购设计的启示

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01699-0

Muireann Á. Lynch, Valentin Bertsch

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The green hydrogen ambition and implementation gap 绿色氢的雄心和实施差距

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01684-7

Adrian Odenweller, Falko Ueckerdt

{"title":"The green hydrogen ambition and implementation gap","authors":"Adrian Odenweller, Falko Ueckerdt","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01684-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01684-7","url":null,"abstract":"Green hydrogen is critical for decarbonizing hard-to-electrify sectors, but it faces high costs and investment risks. Here we define and quantify the green hydrogen ambition and implementation gap, showing that meeting hydrogen expectations will remain challenging despite surging announcements of projects and subsidies. Tracking 190 projects over 3 years, we identify a wide 2023 implementation gap with only 7% of global capacity announcements finished on schedule. In contrast, the 2030 ambition gap towards 1.5 °C scenarios has been gradually closing as the announced project pipeline has nearly tripled to 422 GW within 3 years. However, we estimate that, without carbon pricing, realizing all these projects would require global subsidies of US$1.3 trillion (US$0.8–2.6 trillion range), far exceeding announced subsidies. Given past and future implementation gaps, policymakers must prepare for prolonged green hydrogen scarcity. Policy support needs to secure hydrogen investments, but should focus on applications where hydrogen is indispensable. Green hydrogen is critical for hard-to-electrify sectors, but faces economic headwinds. Odenweller and Ueckerdt quantify green hydrogen ambition and implementation gaps, showing that meeting expectations will remain challenging and costly.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 1","pages":"110-123"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01684-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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An adjusted strategy is needed to ground green hydrogen expectations in reality 需要调整战略，使绿色氢的期望成为现实

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01682-9

Adrian Odenweller, Falko Ueckerdt

引用次数: 0

Electron spin matters 电子自旋物质

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01697-2

Serhiy Cherevko

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Hydrogen-enhanced carrier collection enabling wide-bandgap Cd-free Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells with 11.4% certified efficiency 氢增强载流子收集使宽禁带无cd Cu2ZnSnS4太阳能电池具有11.4%的认证效率

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01694-5

Ao Wang, Jialin Cong, Shujie Zhou, Jialiang Huang, Jingwen Cao, Xin Cui, Xiaojie Yuan, Yin Yao, Zhou Xu, Guojun He, Jefferson Zhe Liu, Julie M. Cairney, Yi-sheng Chen, Martin A. Green, Su-Huai Wei, Kaiwen Sun, Xiaojing Hao

{"title":"Hydrogen-enhanced carrier collection enabling wide-bandgap Cd-free Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells with 11.4% certified efficiency","authors":"Ao Wang, Jialin Cong, Shujie Zhou, Jialiang Huang, Jingwen Cao, Xin Cui, Xiaojie Yuan, Yin Yao, Zhou Xu, Guojun He, Jefferson Zhe Liu, Julie M. Cairney, Yi-sheng Chen, Martin A. Green, Su-Huai Wei, Kaiwen Sun, Xiaojing Hao","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01694-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01694-5","url":null,"abstract":"Wide-bandgap kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 offers an economically viable, sustainably sourced and environmentally friendly material for both single-junction and tandem photovoltaic applications. Nevertheless, since 2018 the record efficiency of such solar cells has stagnated at 11%, largely due to carriers recombining before they are collected. Here we demonstrate enhanced carrier collection in devices annealed in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere. We find that hydrogen is incorporated mainly in n-type layers and on the absorber surface. Furthermore, we show that the hydrogen treatment triggers the out-diffusion of oxygen and sodium from the absorber bulk to the surface, favourably diminishing the acceptor concentration at the surface and increasing the p-type doping in the bulk. Consequently, Fermi-level pinning is relieved and carrier transport in the absorber is facilitated. We achieve a certified efficiency of 11.4% in Cd-free devices. Although hydrogenation already plays a major role in silicon photovoltaics, our findings can further advance its application in emerging photovoltaic technologies. The power conversion efficiency of wide-bandgap pure-sulfide kesterite is low. Wang et al. propose annealing in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere and report the underlying mechanism that enables a certified efficiency of 11.4%.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 2","pages":"255-265"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Critically assessing sodium-ion technology roadmaps and scenarios for techno-economic competitiveness against lithium-ion batteries 批判性评估钠技术路线图和场景对锂离子电池技术经济竞争力

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01701-9

Adrian Yao, Sally M. Benson, William C. Chueh

{"title":"Critically assessing sodium-ion technology roadmaps and scenarios for techno-economic competitiveness against lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Adrian Yao, Sally M. Benson, William C. Chueh","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01701-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01701-9","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium-ion batteries have garnered notable attention as a potentially low-cost alternative to lithium-ion batteries, which have experienced supply shortages and price volatility for key minerals. Here we assess their techno-economic competitiveness against incumbent lithium-ion batteries using a modelling framework incorporating componential learning curves constrained by minerals prices and engineering design floors. We compare projected sodium-ion and lithium-ion price trends across over 6,000 scenarios while varying Na-ion technology development roadmaps, supply chain scenarios, market penetration and learning rates. Assuming that substantial progress can be made along technology roadmaps via targeted research and development, we identify several sodium-ion pathways that might reach cost-competitiveness with low-cost lithium-ion variants in the 2030s. In addition, we show that timelines are highly sensitive to movements in critical minerals supply chains—namely that of lithium, graphite and nickel. Our modelled outcomes suggest that being price advantageous against low-cost lithium-ion variants in the near term is challenging and increasing sodium-ion energy densities to decrease materials intensity is among the most impactful ways to improve competitiveness. Sodium-ion batteries are considered a promising substitute for Li-ion, but the timeline and conditions for achieving cost-competitiveness remain uncertain. This study evaluates their techno-economic potential, showing that while challenging, they could compete with low-cost Li-ion batteries by the 2030s under specific conditions.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 3","pages":"404-416"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01701-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trade-offs at the interface 在界面上进行权衡

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01691-8

Nitin P. Padture

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Improving calculations of energy return on investment 改进能源投资回报率计算方法

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01696-3

Charles A. S. Hall, Graham Palmer

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Accelerating green shipping with spatially optimized offshore charging stations 推进海上充电站空间优化绿色航运

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01692-7

Ran Li, Hao Li, Wentao Huang, Hanqi Tao, Weiwu Xu, Nengling Tai, Canbing Li

{"title":"Accelerating green shipping with spatially optimized offshore charging stations","authors":"Ran Li, Hao Li, Wentao Huang, Hanqi Tao, Weiwu Xu, Nengling Tai, Canbing Li","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01692-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01692-7","url":null,"abstract":"The decarbonization of marine transport is a global challenge due to the range and capacity limitations of renewable ships. Offshore charging stations have emerged as an innovative solution, despite increased investment and extended voyage durations. Here we develop a route-specific model for the optimal placement and sizing of offshore charging stations to assess their economic, environmental and operational impacts. Analysing 34 global and regional shipping routes, we find that offshore charging stations can reduce the cost for electric ships by US$0.3–1.6 (MW km)−1 and greenhouse gas emissions by 1.04–8.91 kg (MW km)−1 by 2050. The economic cruising range for 6,500 20-foot equivalent unit electric ships can increase from 3,000 km to 9,000 km. Voyage time costs for these enhancements vary between a 0% and 30% grace period of the original delivery time frame. We further investigate power-to-ammonia offshore refuelling stations as a proxy for e-fuels, which could potentially replace heavy fuel oil ships for routes over 9,000 km with only a 5% grace period. Offshore charging stations could be a promising solution to enhance green shipping. This research considers their optimal placement and sizing, extending the economic range of renewable ships to 9,000 km without compromising shipping efficiency.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 2","pages":"243-254"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142937188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-assembled bilayer for perovskite solar cells with improved tolerance against thermal stresses 钙钛矿太阳能电池的自组装双分子层，提高了对热应力的耐受性

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01689-2

Bitao Dong, Mingyang Wei, Yuheng Li, Yingguo Yang, Wei Ma, Yueshuai Zhang, Yanbiao Ran, Meijie Cui, Ziru Su, Qunping Fan, Zhaozhao Bi, Tomas Edvinsson, Zhiqin Ding, Huanxin Ju, Shuai You, Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin, Xiong Li, Anders Hagfeldt, Michael Grätzel, Yuhang Liu

{"title":"Self-assembled bilayer for perovskite solar cells with improved tolerance against thermal stresses","authors":"Bitao Dong, Mingyang Wei, Yuheng Li, Yingguo Yang, Wei Ma, Yueshuai Zhang, Yanbiao Ran, Meijie Cui, Ziru Su, Qunping Fan, Zhaozhao Bi, Tomas Edvinsson, Zhiqin Ding, Huanxin Ju, Shuai You, Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin, Xiong Li, Anders Hagfeldt, Michael Grätzel, Yuhang Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01689-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01689-2","url":null,"abstract":"The adoption of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) requires improved resistance to high temperatures and temperature variations. Hole-selective self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have enabled progress in the performance of inverted PSCs, yet they may compromise temperature stability owing to desorption and weak interfacial contact. Here we developed a self-assembled bilayer by covalently interconnecting a phosphonic acid SAM with a triphenylamine upper layer. This polymerized network, formed through Friedel–Crafts alkylation, resisted thermal degradation up to 100 °C for 200 h. Meanwhile, the face-on-oriented upper layer exhibited adhesive contact with perovskites, leading to a 1.7-fold improvement in adhesion energy compared with the SAM–perovskite interface. We reported power conversion efficiencies exceeding 26% for inverted PSCs. The champion devices demonstrated less than 4% and 3% efficiency loss after 2,000 h damp heat exposure (85 °C and 85% relative humidity) and over 1,200 thermal cycles between −40 °C and 85 °C, respectively, meeting the temperature stability criteria outlined in the International Electrotechnical Commission 61215:2021 standards. To improve the tolerance of perovskite solar cells against high temperatures and temperature variations, Dong et al. covalently cross-link two molecules in the charge transport layer to strengthen adhesion with the perovskite layer.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 3","pages":"342-353"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01689-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0