Nature Energy最新文献_第7页

Electrolyte tank costs are an overlooked factor in flow battery economics 电解液罐成本是液流电池经济性中一个被忽视的因素

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01677-6

David Reber

{"title":"Electrolyte tank costs are an overlooked factor in flow battery economics","authors":"David Reber","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01677-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01677-6","url":null,"abstract":"The economic viability of flow battery systems has garnered substantial attention in recent years, but technoeconomic models often overlook the costs associated with electrolyte tanks. This work challenges the commonly assumed insignificance of electrolyte tank costs in flow battery research and demonstrates their substantial impact on overall system economics. Using prices quoted by globally distributed tank manufacturers, it is shown that tank costs in most published technoeconomic models are severely underestimated, if not entirely neglected. Back-of-the-envelope calculations show that electrolyte tanks may constitute up to 40% of the energy component (tank plus electrolyte) costs in MWh-scale flow battery systems. Standardization of flow battery components and the development of high-voltage chemistries are highlighted as paths towards decreasing costs and achieving greater market penetration. Electrolyte tank costs are often assumed insignificant in flow battery research. This work argues that these tanks can account for up to 40% of energy costs in large systems, suggesting that standardizing components and developing high-voltage chemistries could lower costs and improve market access.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 1","pages":"23-27"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cycling under real-world conditions increases battery lifetime 在真实条件下循环可以延长电池寿命

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01688-3

引用次数: 0

Gradient bandgaps in sulfide kesterite solar cells enable over 13% certified efficiency 硫化物钙钛矿太阳能电池的梯度带隙使认证效率超过13%

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01681-w

Kang Yin, Jinlin Wang, Licheng Lou, Fanqi Meng, Xiao Xu, Bowen Zhang, Menghan Jiao, Jiangjian Shi, Dongmei Li, Huijue Wu, Yanhong Luo, Qingbo Meng

{"title":"Gradient bandgaps in sulfide kesterite solar cells enable over 13% certified efficiency","authors":"Kang Yin, Jinlin Wang, Licheng Lou, Fanqi Meng, Xiao Xu, Bowen Zhang, Menghan Jiao, Jiangjian Shi, Dongmei Li, Huijue Wu, Yanhong Luo, Qingbo Meng","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01681-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01681-w","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfide kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS)—a non-toxic and low-cost photovoltaic material—has always faced severe charge recombination and poor carrier transport, resulting in its cell efficiency record stagnating at around 11% for years. The implementation of gradient bandgaps is a promising approach to relieving these issues, but it has not been effectively realized in kesterite solar cells due to challenges around controlling the elemental distribution. Here, based on Cd-alloyed CZTS, we propose a pre-crystallization strategy to reduce the intense vertical mass transport and Cd rapid diffusion in the film growth process, thereby realizing a Cd-gradient CZTS absorber. This absorber, exhibiting a downward-bent conduction band structure, effectively enhances the bulk carrier transport and additionally improves the interface properties of the CZTS/CdS heterojunction. These benefits significantly enhance the photoelectric conversion performance of the cell and help in achieving a certified total-area cell efficiency of about 13.2% with obviously reduced voltage loss, realizing a substantial step forward for the pure-sulfide kesterite solar cell. The efficiency of pure-sulfide kesterite solar cells is limited by charge carrier recombination and transport. Yin, Wang, Lou, Meng et al. create a gradient of cadmium across the kesterite layer that improves charge transport and suppresses defects, enabling 13% efficiency.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 2","pages":"205-214"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Author Correction: Global scenarios for significant water use reduction in thermal power plants based on cooling water demand estimation using satellite imagery 作者更正：基于使用卫星图像的冷却水需求估算，热电厂用水量显著减少的全球情景

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01700-w

Alena Lohrmann, Javier Farfan, Upeksha Caldera, Christoph Lohrmann, Christian Breyer

引用次数: 0

Fifty years of change in the energy sector 能源领域五十年的变革

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01690-9

Giulia Tregnago

引用次数: 0

Large-scale estimation of the potential of battery power for maritime transport in the USA 美国海上运输中电池动力潜力的大规模估计

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01687-4

引用次数: 0

Advancing perovskite and organic photovoltaics 推进钙钛矿和有机光伏

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01686-5

Giulia Tregnago

引用次数: 0

Refocusing on effectiveness over expansion in urban waste–energy–carbon development in China 重新关注中国城市垃圾能源-碳发展的有效性而非扩张性

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01683-8

Ben Liu, Peng Wang, Jin Zhou, Yang Guo, Shijun Ma, Wei-Qiang Chen, Jiashuo Li, Victor W.-C. Chang

{"title":"Refocusing on effectiveness over expansion in urban waste–energy–carbon development in China","authors":"Ben Liu, Peng Wang, Jin Zhou, Yang Guo, Shijun Ma, Wei-Qiang Chen, Jiashuo Li, Victor W.-C. Chang","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01683-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01683-8","url":null,"abstract":"Recognizing the advantages of waste-to-energy (WtE) combustion over landfills, China is rapidly expanding WtE capacity nationwide to address the escalating urban waste crisis. This study compiles a comprehensive WtE facility-level database between 2000 and 2020 to examine waste–energy–carbon dynamics and improvement potential. Whereas WtE expansion has notably reduced greenhouse gas emissions and recovered energy compared with landfills, these facilities remain carbon intensive and are increasingly outperformed by coal-fired power plants within China’s electricity grid. The main challenges facing WtE are the growing plastic content in waste streams and limited advancements in energy efficiency. Given WtE’s dual role in waste management and the national grid mix, it is crucial to balance capacity expansion with carbon intensity reduction. The high-resolution database provides geographically tailored strategies based on local waste characteristics and facility performance, indicating that effective waste classification and equipment upgrades could decarbonize WtE power generation by half to natural gas levels by 2060. The expansion of China’s waste-to-energy combustion capacity offers great carbon and energy benefits over landfills but remains a carbon-intensive process due to plastic waste and low efficiency. Enhanced waste sorting and the adoption of high-efficiency devices could decarbonize the power generated by these facilities to match that generated by natural gas by 2060.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 2","pages":"215-225"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Techno-economic assessment of thin lithium metal anodes for solid-state batteries 固态电池用薄锂金属阳极的技术经济评价

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01676-7

Matthew Burton, Sudarshan Narayanan, Ben Jagger, Lorenz F. Olbrich, Shobhan Dhir, Masafumi Shibata, Michael J. Lain, Robert Astbury, Nicholas Butcher, Mark Copley, Toshikazu Kotaka, Yuichi Aihara, Mauro Pasta

{"title":"Techno-economic assessment of thin lithium metal anodes for solid-state batteries","authors":"Matthew Burton, Sudarshan Narayanan, Ben Jagger, Lorenz F. Olbrich, Shobhan Dhir, Masafumi Shibata, Michael J. Lain, Robert Astbury, Nicholas Butcher, Mark Copley, Toshikazu Kotaka, Yuichi Aihara, Mauro Pasta","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01676-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01676-7","url":null,"abstract":"Solid-state lithium metal batteries show substantial promise for overcoming theoretical limitations of Li-ion batteries to enable gravimetric and volumetric energy densities upwards of 500 Wh kg−1 and 1,000 Wh l−1, respectively. While zero-lithium-excess configurations are particularly attractive, inhomogeneous lithium plating on charge results in active lithium loss and a subsequent coulombic efficiency penalty. Excess lithium is therefore currently needed; however, this negatively impacts energy density and thus limiting its thickness is essential. Here we discuss the viability of various technologies for realizing thin lithium films that can be scaled up to the volumes required for gigafactory production. We identify thermal evaporation as a potentially cost-effective route to address these challenges and provide a techno-economic assessment of the projected costs associated with the fabrication of thin, dense lithium metal foils using this process. Finally, we estimate solid-state pack costs made using thermally evaporated lithium foils. Preparing suitable lithium anodes is crucial for high-performance solid-state batteries. This study evaluates methods for producing thin lithium films, emphasizing thermal evaporation as a cost-effective approach while estimating associated pack costs.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 1","pages":"135-147"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01676-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic cycling enhances battery lifetime 动态循环提高电池寿命

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01675-8

Alexis Geslin, Le Xu, Devi Ganapathi, Kevin Moy, William C. Chueh, Simona Onori

{"title":"Dynamic cycling enhances battery lifetime","authors":"Alexis Geslin, Le Xu, Devi Ganapathi, Kevin Moy, William C. Chueh, Simona Onori","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01675-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01675-8","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory ageing campaigns elucidate the complex degradation behaviour of most technologies. In lithium-ion batteries, such studies aim to capture realistic ageing mechanisms to optimize cell chemistries and designs as well as to engineer reliable battery management systems. In this study, we systematically compared dynamic discharge profiles representative of electric vehicle driving to the well-accepted constant current profiles. Surprisingly, we found that dynamic discharge enhances lifetime substantially compared with constant current discharge. Specifically, for the same average current and voltage window, varying the dynamic discharge profile led to an increase of up to 38% in equivalent full cycles at end of life. Explainable machine learning revealed the importance of both low-frequency current pulses and time-induced ageing under these realistic discharge conditions. This work quantifies the importance of evaluating new battery chemistries and designs with realistic load profiles, highlighting the opportunities to revisit our understanding of ageing mechanisms at the chemistry, material and cell levels. Lithium-ion batteries degrade in complex ways. This study shows that cycling under realistic electric vehicle driving profiles enhances battery lifetime by up to 38% compared with constant current cycling, underscoring the need for realistic loads to capture ageing mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"10 2","pages":"172-180"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01675-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0