Nature Energy最新文献

{"title":"Spin-related and non-spin-related effects of magnetic fields on water oxidation","authors":"Anke Yu, Yuwei Zhang, Siyuan Zhu, Tianze Wu, Zhichuan J. Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01744-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01744-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Water electrolysis is hindered by the slow kinetics and high overpotentials associated with the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which takes place at the anode. Spin manipulation in the OER is a promising approach by which to modulate the reaction pathway to improve the energetics and kinetics. To that end, application of magnetic fields in the OER has been shown to enhance performance; however, whether the underlying promotional mechanisms are spin-related or non-spin-related remains a topic of ongoing debate. In this Review we explore OER enhancement under magnetic fields and elucidate both spin-related and non-spin-related effects, examining key fundamentals and experimental practices to distinguish these effects. For spin-related mechanisms, we highlight the key effects of spins on the catalyst bulk, catalytic interface and reaction intermediate. We provide guidance for understanding whether enhancements are spin-related or not.</p>","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A job for vacancies","authors":"James Gallagher","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01770-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01770-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrocatalysts based on ruthenium are very active for water oxidation (the reaction that occurs at the anode of an electrolyser) but typically suffer from poor stability. In the harsh acidic and oxidative conditions found at the anode of a proton exchange membrane electrolyser, metal ions can leach out of the catalyst and structural collapse may occur, leading to reduced performance. Now, Zhanwu Lei, Shuhong Jiao, Jing-Li Luo, Ruiguo Cao and colleagues across China and the Republic of Korea report a Ru_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ water oxidation catalyst, which — through a self-limiting surface leaching mechanism — achieves long-term durable operation.</p><p>The researchers find that during an initial period of water oxidation, although Ru ions leach out of the catalyst to an extent, Mn ions leach out much more so. This leads to reconstruction of the catalyst, with a surface layer forming that is rich in Mn vacancies. The results suggest that the presence of these vacancies suppresses further leaching of Mn ions and stabilizes the Ru catalytically active sites in the reconstructed layer. The team report that the activity of the catalyst (normalized to the amount of Ru) is 525 A g_Ru⁻¹ at 1.45 V (versus the reversible hydrogen electrode) and that it maintains 95% of its initial activity after 2,500 h at 10 mA cm^–2 in a chronopotentiometric measurement in 0.5 M H₂SO₄. A comparable catalyst without Mn had approximately 11 times lower mass-normalized activity and failed after 180 h. In a full proton exchange membrane electrolyser, the catalyst performed stably for 330 h at 80 °C and 200 mA cm^–2, also demonstrating promise under more realistic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerated degradation","authors":"Giulia Tregnago","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01773-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01773-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Perovskite solar cells have demonstrated high power conversion efficiency, yet their stability under realistic conditions remains to be convincingly demonstrated. One critical step in addressing the issue is the development of accelerated ageing tests (that is, use of higher stress levels than in real-world conditions) that can reproduce in the laboratory the failure modes observed in the field. It is crucial to identify the type of stressor and its magnitude, and ensure that the degradation mechanisms induced in the test match those occurring in the field. The tests should also be able to mimic the removal or attenuation of the stressor during day/night and seasonal cycles, capturing reversible and irreversible processes. Now, Mark Khenkin and colleagues across Europe and Israel investigate the application of continuous forward bias in the dark followed by storage in the dark as an acceleration test.</p><p>The researchers observe a decrease in the short-circuit current and shunt resistance (which opposes undesired current pathways bypassing the main circuit) under forward bias, with recovery during dark storage, while the open-circuit voltage shows the opposite trend. They attribute the behaviour to ions migrating to interfaces when forward bias is applied, impeding charge transport, and redistributing during dark storage, leaving defects at the interface that reduce the voltage. Khenkin and team show that this behaviour replicates the seasonal variations in performance of solar cells operating outdoors in Berlin, Germany, over 20 months. The forward-bias step mimics spring and summer behaviour, while dark storage captures autumn and winter operation. The findings provide an example of accelerated ageing tests that can mimic ion migration-induced degradation in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdependence and the low-carbon energy transition","authors":"Silvana Lakeman","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01762-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01762-4","url":null,"abstract":"Llewelyn Hughes is a social scientist working on the low-carbon energy transition, with a particular focus on the Asia-Pacific region, and Professor at the Crawford School of Public Policy at the Australian National University. He talks to Nature Energy about evolving trade relationships and interdependencies in the energy transition, and the role of social sciences research in informing policy in these spaces.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons learned from Los Angeles’s just energy transition initiative","authors":"Rachel Sheinberg, Gregory Pierce, Stephanie Pincetl, Gregory Reed","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01759-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01759-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The City of Los Angeles (LA) has committed to reaching a 100% renewable, equitable electricity grid by the year 2035, and in 2021 the city released the LA100 study¹, which established the feasibility of local grid decarbonization pathways. This study emphasized that only explicitly justice-oriented strategies² would ensure equity outcomes. As a result, LA100 was followed by the LA100 Equity Strategies effort, a two-year partnership between the city’s electric utility — the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) — researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the University of California, Los Angeles, and local community-based organizations (CBOs). Having concluded this effort in late 2023³, we are now taking stock of what others can learn from it, and believe that five key insights may be helpful for other cities working on a just transition (Table 1).</p><figure><figcaption><b data-test=\"table-caption\">Table 1 Lessons learned from the LA100 Equity Strategies effort</b></figcaption><span>Full size table</span><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"><use xlink:href=\"#icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"></use></svg></figure><p>First, the LA100 Equity Strategies effort was designed around energy justice principles^4,5, facilitating an engaged process and building a foundation to make the case for change in the utility. This process began with assessing current and historic inequity in LA, emphasizing the ongoing impacts of redlining, decades of disinvestment in communities of colour, and a lack of affordable housing. Further, statistical analysis of LADWP energy incentives revealed that, other than specifically low-income targeted programmes, disadvantaged communities have historically received disproportionately fewer utility investments in green technologies and home energy efficiency improvements. These findings provided the empirical evidence to spur action where past efforts have failed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antisolvent seeding of self-assembled monolayers for flexible monolithic perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 tandem solar cells","authors":"Zhiqin Ying, Shiqian Su, Xin Li, Guoxin Chen, Chongyan Lian, Dikai Lu, Meili Zhang, Xuchao Guo, Hao Tian, Yihan Sun, Linhui Liu, Chuanxiao Xiao, Yuheng Zeng, Chao Zhang, Xi Yang, Jichun Ye","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01760-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01760-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Flexible perovskite/copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) tandem solar cells hold great promise for lightweight, high-efficiency applications, yet achieving high-quality perovskite top cells on the rough surfaces of flexible CIGS bottom cells remains challenging. Accordingly, we developed an antisolvent-seeding strategy that decouples self-assembly monolayers (SAMs) adsorption from dissolution, while integrating perovskite seeding. A high-polarity solvent prevents SAMs clustering during dissolution, while a low-polarity antisolvent promotes high-density SAMs formation during adsorption. Additionally, a pre-mixed seed layer further improves perovskite wettability, crystallinity and adhesion. These advancements enable the fabrication of a 1.09-cm² flexible monolithic perovskite/CIGS tandem with a stabilized efficiency of 24.6% (certified 23.8%), comparable to the best-performing rigid perovskite/CIGS tandems and representing one of the highest efficiencies among flexible thin-film solar cells. The flexible devices also demonstrate excellent durability, retaining over 90% of initial performance after 320 h of operation and 3,000 bending cycles at a 1-cm radius.</p>","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143846549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An antisolvent-seeding approach to produce stable flexible tandem solar cells","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01766-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01766-0","url":null,"abstract":"An antisolvent-seeding strategy enhanced self-assembled monolayer formation, enabling the growth of high-quality perovskite top cells on flexible Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 bottom cells. A 1 cm2 flexible tandem solar cell produced using this approach achieved a certified efficiency of 23.8% and is photostable and mechanically durable.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143846481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating commercial deployment with hydrogen system testbeds","authors":"Jonathan G. Love, Ian D. R. Mackinnon","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01758-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01758-0","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen system testbeds powered by renewables at kilowatt–megawatt scale reduce technical and financial risk by providing evidence to inform decisions on economic viability for investments at commercial scale. Future-proofing these testbeds to ‘plug and play’ new components or technologies may accelerate low-regret uptake of innovation.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining the use of CO2 and H2 networks benefits carbon management in Europe","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01753-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01753-5","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of European carbon management shows that CO2 and H2 networks can complement each other. Transporting CO2 and H2 from low-cost regions with high availability to areas that process the two molecules into clean fuels or sequester CO2 could reduce total energy system costs by up to 5.3%.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"H2 and CO2 network strategies for the European energy system","authors":"Fabian Hofmann, Christoph Tries, Fabian Neumann, Elisabeth Zeyen, Tom Brown","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01752-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01752-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrogen and carbon dioxide transport can play an essential role in climate-neutral energy systems. Hydrogen networks serve regions with high energy demand, whereas emissions are transported away in carbon dioxide networks. For the synthesis of carbonaceous fuels, it is less clear which input should be transported: hydrogen to carbon point sources or carbon to low-cost hydrogen. Here we explore both networks’ potential synergies and competition in cost-optimal carbon-neutral European energy systems. In direct comparison, a hydrogen network is more cost effective than a carbon network, as it serves to transport hydrogen to demand and to point sources of carbon for utilization. However, in hybrid scenarios where both networks are present, the carbon network effectively complements the hydrogen network, promoting carbon capture from distributed biomass and reducing reliance on direct air capture. The layouts of the hydrogen and carbon dioxide networks are robust if the climate target is tightened to be net negative.</p>","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}