Nature Energy最新文献_第5页

Industry needs for practical lithium-metal battery designs in electric vehicles 行业对电动汽车实用锂金属电池设计的需求

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01624-5

Meinan He, Louis G. Hector Jr, Fang Dai, Fan Xu, Suryanarayana Kolluri, Nathaniel Hardin, Mei Cai

{"title":"Industry needs for practical lithium-metal battery designs in electric vehicles","authors":"Meinan He, Louis G. Hector Jr, Fang Dai, Fan Xu, Suryanarayana Kolluri, Nathaniel Hardin, Mei Cai","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01624-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01624-5","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-metal battery (LMB) research and development has been ongoing for six decades across academia, industry and national laboratories. Despite this extensive effort, commercial LMBs have yet to displace, or offer a ready alternative to, lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles (EVs). Here we explore some of the most critical industry needs that will have to be resolved to advance practical LMB designs for implementation in EVs. We begin our exploration with a brief overview of LMBs, then consider the following needs: energy density, anode thickness and cathode loading, electrolyte formulation and gas generation, electrolyte injection amount, cathode oxygen release, cell pressure control, cell format, cell manufacturing quality checks and battery modelling. We conclude with generic cell design recommendations for future LMB EV applications. Despite extensive research, lithium-metal batteries have not yet replaced lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. The authors explore critical industry needs for advancing lithium-metal battery designs for electric vehicles and conclude with cell design recommendations.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 10","pages":"1199-1205"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reducing the cost of capital to finance the energy transition in developing countries 降低发展中国家能源转型融资的资本成本

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01606-7

M. Calcaterra, L. Aleluia Reis, P. Fragkos, T. Briera, H. S. de Boer, F. Egli, J. Emmerling, G. Iyer, S. Mittal, F. H. J. Polzin, M. W. J. L. Sanders, T. S. Schmidt, A. Serebriakova, B. Steffen, D. J. van de Ven, D. P. van Vuuren, P. Waidelich, M. Tavoni

{"title":"Reducing the cost of capital to finance the energy transition in developing countries","authors":"M. Calcaterra, L. Aleluia Reis, P. Fragkos, T. Briera, H. S. de Boer, F. Egli, J. Emmerling, G. Iyer, S. Mittal, F. H. J. Polzin, M. W. J. L. Sanders, T. S. Schmidt, A. Serebriakova, B. Steffen, D. J. van de Ven, D. P. van Vuuren, P. Waidelich, M. Tavoni","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01606-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01606-7","url":null,"abstract":"Climate stabilization requires the mobilization of substantial investments in low- and zero-carbon technologies, especially in emerging and developing economies. However, access to stable and affordable finance varies dramatically across countries. Models used to evaluate the energy transition do not differentiate regional financing costs and therefore cannot study risk-sharing mechanisms for renewable electricity generation. In this study, we incorporated the empirically estimated cost of capital differentiated by country and technology into an ensemble of five climate–energy–economy models. We quantified the additional financing cost of decarbonization borne by developing regions and explored policies of risk premium convergence across countries. We found that alleviating financial constraints benefits both climate and equity as a result of more renewable and affordable energy in the developing world. This highlights the importance of fair finance for energy availability, affordability and sustainability, as well as the need to include financial considerations in model-based assessments. Fair finance in the energy sector is modelled in five climate–energy–economy models. The results show that convergence costs of capital could improve energy availability, affordability and sustainability in developing countries, thereby increasing the international equity of the energy transition.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 10","pages":"1241-1251"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01606-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Weather conditions linked to energy droughts in electricity systems with hydropower 与水力发电系统能源干旱有关的天气条件

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01641-4

引用次数: 0

Electroreduction of CO2 to methane with triazole molecular catalysts 利用三唑分子催化剂将二氧化碳电还原为甲烷

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01645-0

Zhanyou Xu, Ruihu Lu, Zih-Yi Lin, Weixing Wu, Hsin-Jung Tsai, Qian Lu, Yuguang C. Li, Sung-Fu Hung, Chunshan Song, Jimmy C. Yu, Ziyun Wang, Ying Wang

{"title":"Electroreduction of CO2 to methane with triazole molecular catalysts","authors":"Zhanyou Xu, Ruihu Lu, Zih-Yi Lin, Weixing Wu, Hsin-Jung Tsai, Qian Lu, Yuguang C. Li, Sung-Fu Hung, Chunshan Song, Jimmy C. Yu, Ziyun Wang, Ying Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01645-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01645-0","url":null,"abstract":"The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction towards value-added fuel and feedstocks often relies on metal-based catalysts. Organic molecular catalysts, which are more acutely tunable than metal catalysts, are still unable to catalyse CO2 to hydrocarbons under industrially relevant current densities for long-term operation, and the catalytic mechanism is still elusive. Here we report 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole-based membrane electrode assemblies for CO2-to-CH4 conversion with Faradaic efficiency of (52 ± 4)% and turnover frequency of 23,060 h−1 at 250 mA cm−2. Our mechanistic studies suggest that the CO2 reduction at the 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole electrode proceeds through the intermediary *CO2–*COOH–*C(OH)2–*COH to produce CH4 due to the spatially distributed active sites and the suitable energy level of the molecular orbitals. A pilot system operated under a total current of 10 A (current density = 123 mA cm−2) for 10 h is able to produce CH4 at a rate of 23.0 mmol h−1. Electrochemical CO2 reduction to make fuels and feedstocks often relies on metal-based catalysts. Here the authors report membrane electrode assemblies operating with relatively high current densities for CO2-to-CH4 conversion using organic molecular catalysts.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 11","pages":"1397-1406"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combining photovoltaic elements 光伏元件的组合

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01647-y

Giulia Tregnago

引用次数: 0

Deconvoluting degradation mechanisms 分解降解机制

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01646-z

Changjun (Alex) Zhang

引用次数: 0

Uncertainty amid political changes 政治变革中的不确定性

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01643-2

引用次数: 0

Towards sustainable metal-mediated ammonia electrosynthesis 实现可持续的金属介导氨电合成

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01622-7

Shaofeng Li, Xianbiao Fu, Jens K. Nørskov, Ib Chorkendorff

{"title":"Towards sustainable metal-mediated ammonia electrosynthesis","authors":"Shaofeng Li, Xianbiao Fu, Jens K. Nørskov, Ib Chorkendorff","doi":"10.1038/s41560-024-01622-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41560-024-01622-7","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonia is a key component of fertilizers, a crucial industrial chemical and a carbon-free fuel. Electrosynthesis of ammonia from nitrogen under ambient conditions presents an attractive alternative to the centralized Haber–Bosch process. Although lithium- and calcium-mediated nitrogen reduction (Li-NRR and Ca-NRR) show promise, long-term continuous ammonia electrosynthesis at high rates will be needed for industrial application. In this Perspective we argue that for Li-NRR and Ca-NRR to operate sustainably, the use of continuous-flow reactors—in which NRR is coupled with the hydrogen oxidation reaction, avoiding non-sustainable proton sources and electrolyte oxidation—is essential. Providing the necessary protons via hydrogen oxidation is vital for the sustainable production of ammonia and long-term system stability. We propose strategies such as optimizing the solid–electrolyte interphase design, refining the electrode and reactor engineering to enhance the system stability and ammonia production rate. We also strongly advocate the exploration of electrocatalytic routes for surpassing the theoretical energy efficiency limit of Li/Ca-NRR. Metal-mediated (for example, lithium) electrochemical synthesis of ammonia from N2 is a promising method to electrify the production of this crucial molecule. Here the authors discuss what is needed to make this a viable and sustainable approach.","PeriodicalId":19073,"journal":{"name":"Nature Energy","volume":"9 11","pages":"1344-1349"},"PeriodicalIF":49.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testing in the real world 在现实世界中进行测试

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01648-x

James Gallagher

引用次数: 0

Community Benefit Agreements are key to mining battery minerals on public lands 社区利益协议是在公共土地上开采电池矿物的关键

IF 49.7 1区材料科学

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01636-1

E. A. Holley

引用次数: 0