Nature Geoscience最新文献_第6页

Reply to: Uncertain internal variability in Arctic warming 回复：北极变暖的不确定内部变率

IF 20.6 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-02077-z

Wenyu Zhou, L. Ruby Leung, Jian Lu

引用次数: 0

Renewable energy droughts amplify the risk of extreme air pollution in China 可再生能源干旱加剧了中国极端空气污染的风险

IF 20.6 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-02038-6

引用次数: 0

Reforestation dominated China’s forest carbon sink from 1986 to 2019 从1986年到2019年，造林是中国森林碳汇的主要来源

IF 20.6 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-02074-2

Wenru Xu, Zhihua Liu, Philippe Ciais, Wei Li, Yidi Xu, Hong S. He, Jian Yang, Wenjuan Wang, Nianpeng He, Kewei Jiao, Chao Huang, Yangjian Zhang, Jiaojun Zhu

{"title":"Reforestation dominated China’s forest carbon sink from 1986 to 2019","authors":"Wenru Xu, Zhihua Liu, Philippe Ciais, Wei Li, Yidi Xu, Hong S. He, Jian Yang, Wenjuan Wang, Nianpeng He, Kewei Jiao, Chao Huang, Yangjian Zhang, Jiaojun Zhu","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-02074-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-026-02074-2","url":null,"abstract":"China, the world’s largest CO2 emitter, leverages forest area expansion as a strategy to achieve carbon neutrality by the 2060s. However, the respective contribution of reforestation on previously forested land and afforestation on non-forested land, remains uncertain due to limited observational data and the absence of spatially and temporally explicit analyses. Here we used locally derived aboveground biomass accumulation curves for each 1° grid cell and a spatially explicit bookkeeping model to track annual carbon uptake from reforestation and afforestation alongside emissions from forest disturbances. We then estimated the forest carbon balance of China for different forest types at 30 m resolution from 1986 to 2019. Forest biomass carbon sinks averaged 0.139 ± 0.052 PgC yr−1, increasing from 0.1 ± 0.015 PgC yr−1 in the 1990s to 0.2 ± 0.012 PgC yr−1 in the 2010s. Despite afforested tree cover expanding faster (1.31 Mha yr⁻1) than reforestation after disturbance (1.06 Mha yr⁻1), post-disturbance regrowth exhibited a higher growth rate (1.47 ± 0.42 MgC ha−1 yr−1) in carbon sequestration than that of afforestation (0.96 ± 0.28 MgC ha−1 yr−1), making reforestation the dominant contributor to China’s forest carbon sink over the past three decades. The results inform forest carbon accounting and prioritize protecting regrowing forests alongside targeted afforestation to achieve carbon neutrality. Reforestation on previously forested areas after disturbances exhibits higher post-disturbance carbon sequestration than afforestation on previously unforested land, and has dominated China’s forest carbon sink over the past three decades, according to above- and below-ground biomass estimates.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 9","pages":"1091-1097"},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148769345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Central role of Labrador Sea convection for transport of oxygen into the deep North Atlantic Ocean 拉布拉多海对流对向北大西洋深处输送氧气的中心作用

IF 20.6 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-02057-3

Una Kim Miller, Jaime Palter, Ellen Park, Dariia Atamanchuk, Kristen Fogaren, Yao Fu, Johannes Karstensen, Jannes Koelling, Isabela Le Bras, Hiroki Nagao, David Nicholson, Hilary Palevsky, Meg Yoder

{"title":"Central role of Labrador Sea convection for transport of oxygen into the deep North Atlantic Ocean","authors":"Una Kim Miller, Jaime Palter, Ellen Park, Dariia Atamanchuk, Kristen Fogaren, Yao Fu, Johannes Karstensen, Jannes Koelling, Isabela Le Bras, Hiroki Nagao, David Nicholson, Hilary Palevsky, Meg Yoder","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-02057-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-026-02057-3","url":null,"abstract":"Convection in the subpolar North Atlantic feeds highly oxygenated water into the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), sustaining deep-sea organisms across a vast expanse of the ocean. Yet, the rates and processes responsible for this oxygenation have remained largely hidden by a lack of direct measurements. Here we apply newly developed calibration protocols for multi-year oxygen measurements to quantify oxygen transport across a mooring array spanning the Labrador Sea. The results show that Labrador Sea deep convection results in a substantial export of oxygen to the lower limb of the AMOC. Specifically, local air–sea exchange adds ~4.1 Tmol yr−1 of oxygen to dense Labrador Sea waters, while deep convection moves ~23.5 Tmol yr−1, added to lighter waters upstream in the eastern subpolar North Atlantic, to those same dense waters. We estimate that this export is sufficient to balance biological respiration across much of the deep North Atlantic, making processes in the Labrador Sea critical to North Atlantic oxygenation despite their small contribution to the densification of the AMOC lower limb. This finding shows that future risk of deep North Atlantic deoxygenation depends not only on the processes that drive overturning, but also on Labrador Sea deep convection. The Labrador Sea plays a crucial role in transporting oxygen into the deep limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, despite its limited contribution to density transformation, according to an analysis of 2 years of mooring data.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 9","pages":"1098-1104"},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-026-02057-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148769344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in the tropical rainfall seasonal cycle dominated by mesoscale convective systems 以中尺度对流系统为主导的热带降雨季节循环变化

IF 20.6 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2026-08-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-02072-4

Xiaojie Guo, Guangxing Lin, Fengfei Song, Xuyang Guo, Zhe Feng, Xi Chen, Wenbin Kou, Yang Gao, Jinyan Song, Wei Liao, Feiya Bi, Chenglai Wu, Aiguo Dai

{"title":"Changes in the tropical rainfall seasonal cycle dominated by mesoscale convective systems","authors":"Xiaojie Guo, Guangxing Lin, Fengfei Song, Xuyang Guo, Zhe Feng, Xi Chen, Wenbin Kou, Yang Gao, Jinyan Song, Wei Liao, Feiya Bi, Chenglai Wu, Aiguo Dai","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-02072-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-026-02072-4","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming is reorganizing atmospheric circulation and hydroclimate, and tropical rainfall is a key manifestation of this response. Yet how these large-scale changes are translated into the tropical rainfall seasonal cycle remains uncertain because organized convection, which produces a large fraction of tropical rainfall and often occurs in mesoscale convective systems, is poorly represented in conventional climate models. Here we use decade-long global simulations with a high-resolution Earth system model coupled to a multiscale modelling framework that explicitly represents deep convection to quantify the role of mesoscale convective systems in future rainfall seasonality. We find that mesoscale convective systems would dominate the future changes in both the amplitude and phase of tropical precipitation seasonal cycle. Under a high-emission scenario, the seasonal cycle of precipitation from mesoscale convective systems is amplified by 38–45% and delayed by 10–15 days, exceeding the corresponding changes in mean tropical precipitation. The delay arises from fewer early season mesoscale convective systems associated with slower seasonal migration of the Hadley cell, whereas amplification is driven mainly by increased rainfall intensity within these systems. These results indicate that organized convection is a major pathway through which warming reshapes tropical rainfall seasonality, affecting the timing and intensity of hydroclimate risks. High-resolution simulations project that the seasonal cycle of precipitation from mesoscale convective systems will intensify by 38–45% and be delayed by 10–15 days under high emissions, driving future changes in tropical rainfall seasonality.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 10","pages":"1190-1197"},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-026-02072-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148728855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reply to: Antarctic greening is constrained by biology and requires field validation 回复：南极绿化受生物学限制，需要实地验证

IF 18.3 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2026-08-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-02080-4

Thomas P. Roland, Oliver T. Bartlett, Dan J. Charman, Karen Anderson, Dominic A. Hodgson, Matthew J. Amesbury, Ilya Maclean, Peter T. Fretwell, Andrew Fleming

引用次数: 0

Antarctic greening is constrained by biology and requires field validation 南极绿化受到生物学的限制，需要实地验证

IF 18.3 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2026-08-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-02076-0

S. Bokhorst, S. Huisman, I. K. de Jonge, T. A. J. Janssen, J. H. C. Cornelissen, K. A. Hughes, P. Convey

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Impacts of power plant emissions on air quality amplified by renewable energy droughts 可再生能源干旱加剧了电厂排放对空气质量的影响

IF 20.6 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2026-08-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-02039-5

Lu Shen, Tianguang Lu, Mingwei Li, Meng Qu, Fengwei Wan, Chris P. Nielsen, Xi Lu, Michael McElroy

{"title":"Impacts of power plant emissions on air quality amplified by renewable energy droughts","authors":"Lu Shen, Tianguang Lu, Mingwei Li, Meng Qu, Fengwei Wan, Chris P. Nielsen, Xi Lu, Michael McElroy","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-02039-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-026-02039-5","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy droughts, characterized by prolonged periods of low winds and reduced solar irradiance, threaten the stability of electricity supply, with fossil fuel plants expected to cover much of the energy deficit. By integrating an electricity system model with a chemical transport model, here we quantify the effects of fossil fuel plant emissions on China’s air quality in the 2050s during renewable energy droughts. Our findings reveal that under scenarios of high renewable penetration, even with the best pollution-control technologies, fossil fuel plant emissions can boost PM2.5 by 15–40% and O3 by 10–20% during renewable energy shortages, raising the frequency of extreme pollution hours by 40–100% annually. Attribution analysis indicates that more stagnant weather and elevated pollutant emissions from fossil fuel plants contribute comparably to extreme pollution during renewable energy droughts. Incorporating health costs of elevated pollution into renewable capacity planning could reduce reliance on fossil fuel generation by ~50% in China by 2050, enabling a deeper clean energy transition. Integrated model simulations suggest that air quality across China could be substantially degraded by emissions from fossil fuel power plants during renewable energy droughts in the 2050s, underscoring the need for a deeper clean energy transition.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 9","pages":"1047-1054"},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moss biocrusts sustain snowpack and soil function in cold deserts 在寒冷的沙漠中，苔藓生物外壳维持着积雪和土壤的功能

IF 20.6 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-02056-4

Yousong Cao, Bo Xiao, Behzad Ghanbarian, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo

{"title":"Moss biocrusts sustain snowpack and soil function in cold deserts","authors":"Yousong Cao, Bo Xiao, Behzad Ghanbarian, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-02056-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-026-02056-4","url":null,"abstract":"Snow cover serves as a critical component of cold deserts, providing a sustained source of available water over time. Biocrusts largely cover soils in deserts, yet their role in regulating snowpack ablation remains largely unknown. Here we conducted a multiyear, in situ and continuous experiment to evaluate the effects of moss-dominated biocrusts on the depth and duration of snow cover, along with their consequences for soil moisture, microbial richness (bacteria and fungi) and soil respiration (carbon efflux). Compared with bare soil, our long-term measurements revealed that moss biocrusts greatly extended snow cover duration by 20.1% (65 h) and enhanced mean snow depth by 27.1%. These effects were associated with the influences of biocrusts on surface roughness and thermal conductivity, which further contributed to greater snowmelt, leading to 16.0% higher water content and up to a 46.1% increase in microbial richness beneath biocrusts compared with nearby bare soils. Furthermore, soil carbon efflux driven by microbial respiration was up to 33.5% higher under biocrusts compared with bare soils. Our study suggests that moss biocrusts play an important role in supporting biological activity and ecosystem function in cold deserts under global warming by moderating snow cover dynamics. Long-term soil biogeochemical measurements in a cold desert in China suggest that moss biocrusts can substantially extend snow cover duration and increase snow depth during snow events, thereby sustaining soil biological activity and ecosystem function under a warming climate.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 9","pages":"1055-1063"},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Planetary energy budget during abrupt glacial climate events set by Atlantic Ocean heat valve 由大西洋热阀设定的冰川突变气候事件中的行星能量收支

IF 20.6 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-026-02070-6

Christo Buizert, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Guido Vettoretti, Xu Zhang, Yuta Kuniyoshi, Sarah Shackleton, Sune Olander Rasmussen, Joel B. Pedro, Eric D. Galbraith, Thomas F. Stocker

{"title":"Planetary energy budget during abrupt glacial climate events set by Atlantic Ocean heat valve","authors":"Christo Buizert, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Guido Vettoretti, Xu Zhang, Yuta Kuniyoshi, Sarah Shackleton, Sune Olander Rasmussen, Joel B. Pedro, Eric D. Galbraith, Thomas F. Stocker","doi":"10.1038/s41561-026-02070-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-026-02070-6","url":null,"abstract":"During Pleistocene ice ages, abrupt climate changes co-occurred with switches in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) strength. The global impact and characteristic north–south temperature pattern of these events is typically explained via interhemispheric redistribution of heat in a conceptual framework called the ‘thermal bipolar seesaw’. Here we synthesize recent work on an emerging alternative framework centred instead on the global ocean heat content and planetary energy budget, which we illustrate using simulations of spontaneous abrupt climate change in three climate models. The strong and weak AMOC modes are associated with oceanic and planetary heat loss and heat gain, respectively, facilitated via changes to North Atlantic deep convection and radiative feedbacks that set the top-of-the-atmosphere energy budget. Antarctic and Greenland temperatures, as recorded in ice cores, reflect ocean heat content and the rate of North Atlantic heat loss, respectively. Climate instability at intermediate glacial states reflects an inability to balance global ocean heat uptake with North Atlantic heat loss for either of the two AMOC modes. Our synthesis suggests that the AMOC strength acts as a ‘heat valve’ that alters planetary temperature by changing the radiative balance. This implies amplified planetary heat uptake in response to projected future AMOC weakening. Variations in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation strength through abrupt Dansgaard–Oeschger events during Pleistocene glacial periods controlled ocean heat content, and heat uptake by the planet as a whole, according to a synthesis of simulations.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"19 10","pages":"1248-1254"},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148728860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0