Nature Geoscience最新文献_第6页

NO2 satellite retrievals biased by absorption in water 由于水的吸收而产生偏差的 NO2 卫星检索

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01545-8

Lev D. Labzovskii, Jos van Geffen, Mengyao Liu, Ronald van der A, Jos de Laat, Benjamin Leune, Henk Eskes, Xiaojuan Lin, Jieying Ding, Andreas Richter

引用次数: 0

A common precursor for global hotspot lavas 全球热点熔岩的共同前体

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01538-7

Matthijs A. Smit, Ellen Kooijman

{"title":"A common precursor for global hotspot lavas","authors":"Matthijs A. Smit, Ellen Kooijman","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01538-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01538-7","url":null,"abstract":"Hotspot lavas exhibit chemical heterogeneity, much of which is ascribed to heterogeneous deep mantle sources that contain various components with distinct composition, origin and age. However, characterizing primary melt compositions and mantle heterogeneity directly is challenging. Here we investigate a global dataset of hotspot lavas to constrain the incompatible-element composition of their parental melts and sources. Trace-element ratios indicate that the compositional heterogeneity of global hotspot lavas is not primary, but reflects processes that hotspot melts undergo as they ascend to the surface. We find the parental melts of these lavas, as well as of kimberlites and basalts from large igneous provinces, to be uniform in their elemental, and radiogenic and noble-gas isotope, composition. We suggest that the parental melts to all of these lavas derive from a depleted and outgassed mantle reservoir that was replenished with incompatible element-enriched material during the Archaean. This interpretation explains the elemental, radiogenic and noble-gas isotope compositions of hotspot lavas without requiring a heterogeneous lower mantle or the long-term survival of undegassed relics from a primordial Earth. An investigation of global trace-element data suggests that the parental melts of hotspot lavas are uniform in their elemental composition, consistent with derivation from a common depleted and outgassed mantle reservoir.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 10","pages":"1053-1058"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01538-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficacy of China’s clean air actions to tackle PM2.5 pollution between 2013 and 2020 2013年至2020年中国清洁空气行动在解决PM2.5污染方面的成效

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01540-z

Guannan Geng, Yuxi Liu, Yang Liu, Shigan Liu, Jing Cheng, Liu Yan, Nana Wu, Hanwen Hu, Dan Tong, Bo Zheng, Zhicong Yin, Kebin He, Qiang Zhang

{"title":"Efficacy of China’s clean air actions to tackle PM2.5 pollution between 2013 and 2020","authors":"Guannan Geng, Yuxi Liu, Yang Liu, Shigan Liu, Jing Cheng, Liu Yan, Nana Wu, Hanwen Hu, Dan Tong, Bo Zheng, Zhicong Yin, Kebin He, Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01540-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01540-z","url":null,"abstract":"Beginning in 2013, China launched two phases (2013–2017 and 2018–2020) of clean air actions that have led to substantial reductions in PM2.5 concentrations. However, improvement in PM2.5 pollution was notably slowing down during Phase II. Here we quantify the efficacy and drivers of PM2.5 improvement and evaluate the associated cost during 2013–2020 using an integrated framework that combines an emission inventory model, a chemical transport model and detailed cost information. We found that national population-weighted mean PM2.5 concentrations decreased by 19.8 μg m−3 and 10.9 μg m−3 in the two phases, and the contribution of clean air policies in Phase II (2.3 μg m−3 yr−1) was considerably lower than that of Phase I (4.5 μg m−3 yr−1), after excluding the impacts from meteorological condition changes and COVID-19 lockdowns. Enhanced structure transitions and targeted volatile organic compounds and NH3 reduction measures have successfully reduced emissions in Phase II, but measures focusing on the end-of-pipe control were less effective after 2017. From 2013 to 2020, PM2.5 abatement became increasingly challenging, with the average cost of reducing one unit of PM2.5 concentration in Phase II twice that of Phase I. Our results suggest there is a need for strengthened, well-balanced, emission control strategies for multi-pollutants. China’s second phase of clean air actions proved less effective than the first, highlighting the need to adapt and update policies to enable continued progress, according to an assessment combining chemical transport modelling and emission inventories.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 10","pages":"987-994"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reducing soil nitrogen losses from fertilizer use in global maize and wheat production 减少全球玉米和小麦生产因使用化肥而造成的土壤氮损失

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01542-x

Chao Wang, Yun Shen, Xiantao Fang, Shuqi Xiao, Genyuan Liu, Ligang Wang, Baojing Gu, Feng Zhou, Deli Chen, Hanqin Tian, Philippe Ciais, Jianwen Zou, Shuwei Liu

{"title":"Reducing soil nitrogen losses from fertilizer use in global maize and wheat production","authors":"Chao Wang, Yun Shen, Xiantao Fang, Shuqi Xiao, Genyuan Liu, Ligang Wang, Baojing Gu, Feng Zhou, Deli Chen, Hanqin Tian, Philippe Ciais, Jianwen Zou, Shuwei Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01542-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01542-x","url":null,"abstract":"Maize and wheat are two major staple foods that collectively contribute two-thirds of the world’s grain supply. The extensive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers during the cultivation of both crops leads to significant losses of reactive nitrogen (Nr) into the environment. Here, using machine learning algorithms, we generate high-resolution maps of crop-specific soil Nr losses based on global field measurements. We estimate that global annual soil Nr losses from the use of synthetic N fertilizer in 2020, including direct emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO), ammonia (NH3), N leaching and run-off, amount to 0.18, 1.62, 0.09, 1.47 and 1.10 million tonnes N for maize, and 0.12, 1.33, 0.07, 1.21 and 0.95 million tonnes N for wheat, respectively. The annual indirect N2O emissions induced by synthetic N fertilizer use from these soil Nr losses are estimated to be 45,000 and 37,000 tonnes for maize and wheat, respectively, with hydrologic pathways playing a predominant role. Enhancing N use efficiency up to 60% for regions below this value can achieve a total soil Nr loss mitigation potential of 4.00 million tonnes per year for the two crops, thereby reducing indirect N2O emissions by 49%. Our results contribute to constrain global N budgets from the use of fertilizer in agriculture, which then can help to improve projections of nitrogen cycle–climate feedbacks using modelling approaches. Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency can effectively reduce soil nitrogen losses from fertilizer use in the production of maize and wheat, according to a global analysis of field measurement data on crop-specific soil nitrogen losses.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 10","pages":"1008-1015"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142235154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reduced productivity and carbon drawdown of tropical forests from ground-level ozone exposure 地面臭氧暴露导致热带森林生产力降低和碳减少

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01530-1

Alexander W. Cheesman, Flossie Brown, Paulo Artaxo, Mst Nahid Farha, Gerd A. Folberth, Felicity J. Hayes, Viola H. A. Heinrich, Timothy C. Hill, Lina M. Mercado, Rebecca J. Oliver, Michael O’ Sullivan, Johan Uddling, Lucas A. Cernusak, Stephen Sitch

{"title":"Reduced productivity and carbon drawdown of tropical forests from ground-level ozone exposure","authors":"Alexander W. Cheesman, Flossie Brown, Paulo Artaxo, Mst Nahid Farha, Gerd A. Folberth, Felicity J. Hayes, Viola H. A. Heinrich, Timothy C. Hill, Lina M. Mercado, Rebecca J. Oliver, Michael O’ Sullivan, Johan Uddling, Lucas A. Cernusak, Stephen Sitch","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01530-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01530-1","url":null,"abstract":"Elevated ground-level ozone, a result of human activity, is known to reduce plant productivity, but its influence on tropical forests remains unclear. Here we estimate how increased ozone exposure has affected tropical-forest productivity and the global carbon cycle. We experimentally measure the ozone susceptibility of various tropical tree species, and then incorporate these data into a dynamic global vegetation model. We find that current anthropogenic-derived ozone results in a substantial decline in annual net primary productivity (NPP) across all tropical forests, with some areas being particularly impacted. For example, Asia sees losses of 10.9% (7.2–19.7%) NPP. We calculate that this productivity decline has resulted in a cumulative loss in carbon drawdown of 0.29 PgC per year since 2000, equating to ~17% of the tropical contemporary annual land carbon sink in the twenty-first century. We also find that areas of current and future forest restoration are disproportionately affected by elevated ozone. Future socioeconomic pathways that reduce ozone formation in the tropics will incur benefits to the global carbon budget by relieving the current ozone impacts seen across both intact forest and areas of forest restoration, which are critical terrestrial regions for mitigation of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide. Anthropogenic ground-level ozone substantially reduces the productivity of tropical forests and so their carbon drawdown, according to ozone susceptibility experiments and dynamic global vegetation modelling.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 10","pages":"1003-1007"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01530-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urgent need for greater earthquake resilience in continental Asia 迫切需要加强亚洲大陆的抗震能力

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01531-0

Kanatbek Abdrakhmatov, Ramon Arrowsmith, John Elliott, Christoph Grutzner, Aidyn Mukambayev, Magali Rizza, Zakeria Shnizai, Richard Walker, Ray Weldon, Roberta Wilkinson

引用次数: 0

Finite sand resource needs better governance 有限的沙资源需要更好的管理

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01544-9

引用次数: 0

Volcanic crystal balls 火山水晶球

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01509-y

Teresa Ubide

引用次数: 0

Strong regional trends in extreme weather over the next two decades under high- and low-emissions pathways 高排放和低排放路径下未来二十年极端天气的强烈区域趋势

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01511-4

Carley E. Iles, Bjørn H. Samset, Marit Sandstad, Nina Schuhen, Laura J. Wilcox, Marianne T. Lund

{"title":"Strong regional trends in extreme weather over the next two decades under high- and low-emissions pathways","authors":"Carley E. Iles, Bjørn H. Samset, Marit Sandstad, Nina Schuhen, Laura J. Wilcox, Marianne T. Lund","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01511-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01511-4","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming is rapidly shifting climate conditions away from what societies and ecosystems are adapted to. While the magnitude of changes in mean and extreme climate are broadly studied, regional rates of change, a key driver of climate risk, have received less attention. Here we show, using large ensembles of climate model simulations, that large parts of the tropics and subtropics, encompassing 70% of current global population, are expected to experience strong (>2 s.d.) joint rates of change in temperature and precipitation extremes combined over the next 20 years, under a high-emissions scenario, dropping to 20% under strong emissions mitigation. This is dominated by temperature extremes, with most of the world experiencing unusual (>1 s.d.) rates relative to the pre-industrial period, but unusual changes also occur for precipitation extremes in northern high latitudes, southern and eastern Asia and equatorial Africa. However, internal variability is high for 20 year trends, meaning that in the near term, trends of the opposite sign are still likely for precipitation extremes, and rare but not impossible for temperature extremes. We also find that rapid clean-up of aerosol emissions, mostly over Asia, leads to accelerated co-located increases in warm extremes and influences the Asian summer monsoons. Large-ensemble simulations suggest that strong regional trends in precipitation and temperature extremes will be common over the next two decades, even under stringent mitigation measures.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 9","pages":"845-850"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Craton deformation from flat-slab subduction and rollback 来自平板俯冲和滚回的克拉通变形

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01513-2

Shaofeng Liu, Bo Zhang, Pengfei Ma, Simon Williams, Chengfa Lin, Neng Wan, Chenglong Ran, Michael Gurnis

{"title":"Craton deformation from flat-slab subduction and rollback","authors":"Shaofeng Liu, Bo Zhang, Pengfei Ma, Simon Williams, Chengfa Lin, Neng Wan, Chenglong Ran, Michael Gurnis","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01513-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01513-2","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanisms underlying the deformation and eventual destruction of Earth’s cratons remain enigmatic, despite proposed links to subduction and deep mantle plume processes. Here we study the deformation of the North China Craton using four-dimensional mantle flow models of the plate–mantle system since the late Mesozoic, integrating constraints from lithospheric deformation, mantle seismic tomography and the evolution of surface topography. We find that flat-slab subduction induced landward shortening and lithospheric thickening, while subsequent flat-slab rollback caused seaward extension and lithospheric thinning. Both subduction phases resulted in substantial topographic changes in basin sediments. Rapid flat-slab rollback, coupled with a viscosity jump and phase change across the 660 km mantle discontinuity, was a key ingredient in shaping a large mantle wedge. We argue that craton deformation through lithospheric extension and thinning was triggered by the subduction of a flat slab and its subsequent rollback. The integration of data into mechanical models provides insights into the four-dimensional dynamic interplay involving subduction, mantle processes, craton deformation and topography. Mesozoic deformation of the North China Craton occurred via lithospheric thickening followed by thinning and extension triggered by flat-slab subduction and rollback, according to four-dimensional mantle flow models of the plate–mantle system.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"17 9","pages":"936-943"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01513-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0