Nature Geoscience最新文献_第7页

Large CO2 removal potential of woody debris preservation in managed forests 管理森林中木屑保存的巨大二氧化碳去除潜力

IF 16.1 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01731-2

Yiqi Luo, Ning Wei, Xingjie Lu, Yu Zhou, Feng Tao, Quan Quan, Cuijuan Liao, Lifen Jiang, Jianyang Xia, Yuanyuan Huang, Shuli Niu, Xiangtao Xu, Ying Sun, Ning Zeng, Charles Koven, Liqing Peng, Steve Davis, Pete Smith, Fengqi You, Yu Jiang, Lailiang Cheng, Benjamin Houlton

{"title":"Large CO2 removal potential of woody debris preservation in managed forests","authors":"Yiqi Luo, Ning Wei, Xingjie Lu, Yu Zhou, Feng Tao, Quan Quan, Cuijuan Liao, Lifen Jiang, Jianyang Xia, Yuanyuan Huang, Shuli Niu, Xiangtao Xu, Ying Sun, Ning Zeng, Charles Koven, Liqing Peng, Steve Davis, Pete Smith, Fengqi You, Yu Jiang, Lailiang Cheng, Benjamin Houlton","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01731-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01731-2","url":null,"abstract":"Limiting climate warming to 1.5 °C requires reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and CO2 removal. While various CO2 removal strategies have been explored to achieve global net-zero greenhouse gas emissions and account for legacy emissions, additional exploration is warranted to examine more durable, scalable and sustainable approaches to achieve climate targets. Here we show that preserving woody debris in managed forests can remove gigatonnes of CO2 from the atmosphere sustainably based on a carbon cycle analysis using three Earth system models. Woody debris is produced from logging, sawmill wastes and abandoned woody products, and can be preserved in deep soil to lengthen its residence time (a measure of durability) by thousands of years. Preserving annual woody debris production in managed forests has the capacity to remove 769–937 GtCO2 from the atmosphere cumulatively (10.1–12.4 GtCO2 yr−1 on average) from 2025 to 2100, if its residence time is lengthened for 100–2,000 years and after 5% CO2 removal is discounted to account for CO2 emission due to machine operation for wood debris preservation. This translates to a reduction in global temperatures of 0.35–0.42 °C. Given the large potential, relatively low cost and long durability, future efforts should be focused on establishing large-scale demonstration projects for this technology in a variety of contexts, with rigorous monitoring of CO2 removal, its co-benefits and side-effects. Land surface modelling suggests that preserving woody debris in managed forests could remove 769–937 GtCO2 from the atmosphere between 2025 and 2100.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 7","pages":"675-681"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mantle upwelling at Afar triple junction shaped by overriding plate dynamics 由上覆板块动力学形成的阿法尔三结地幔上涌

IF 16.1 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01717-0

Emma J. Watts, Rhiannon Rees, Philip Jonathan, Derek Keir, Rex N. Taylor, Melanie Siegburg, Emma L. Chambers, Carolina Pagli, Matthew J. Cooper, Agnes Michalik, J. Andrew Milton, Thea K. Hincks, Ermias F. Gebru, Atalay Ayele, Bekele Abebe, Thomas M. Gernon

{"title":"Mantle upwelling at Afar triple junction shaped by overriding plate dynamics","authors":"Emma J. Watts, Rhiannon Rees, Philip Jonathan, Derek Keir, Rex N. Taylor, Melanie Siegburg, Emma L. Chambers, Carolina Pagli, Matthew J. Cooper, Agnes Michalik, J. Andrew Milton, Thea K. Hincks, Ermias F. Gebru, Atalay Ayele, Bekele Abebe, Thomas M. Gernon","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01717-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01717-0","url":null,"abstract":"Mantle upwellings drive large-scale surface volcanism and facilitate continental breakup and ocean basin formation. However, the spatial characteristics and internal composition of these upwellings alongside how they are modified by plate tectonics are poorly resolved. Afar, East Africa, is a classic triple junction comprising three rifts at various stages of evolution thought to be underlain by a mantle upwelling or plume, allowing examination of the controls on the mantle upwelling. Here we present geochemical data from >130 samples of ‘young’ volcanoes spanning the rifts defining the triple junction to show that the underlying mantle comprises a single, asymmetric upwelling. Using statistical modelling to integrate our data with existing geochemical and geophysical constraints, we suggest that Afar is fed by a spatially and chemically heterogeneous upwelling, which controls the composition and relative abundance of melt in all three rift arms. We identify repetitive signatures in mantle compositions in rift regions, whose variability is a longer wavelength in faster-extending rift arms. This suggests more rapid channelized mantle flow occurs where rifting rates are higher and the plate is thinner, aiding flow of the upwelling towards the faster-spreading Red Sea Rift. Our findings demonstrate how the evolution of mantle upwellings is influenced by the dynamics of overriding plates. The mantle upwelling beneath the Afar rift may be influenced by tectonic processes in the overriding lithospheric plates that shape the distribution of both the compositional heterogeneities and abundance of melt, according to a geochemical and statistical study of volcanic samples.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 7","pages":"661-669"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01717-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cropland expansion reduces biogenic secondary organic aerosol and associated radiative cooling 农田扩张减少了生物次生有机气溶胶和相关的辐射冷却

IF 16.1 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01718-z

Jialei Zhu, Joyce E. Penner, Chaopeng Hong, Hao Liu, Xi Zhao, Junjun Deng, Cong-Qiang Liu, Qiang Zhang, Pingqing Fu

{"title":"Cropland expansion reduces biogenic secondary organic aerosol and associated radiative cooling","authors":"Jialei Zhu, Joyce E. Penner, Chaopeng Hong, Hao Liu, Xi Zhao, Junjun Deng, Cong-Qiang Liu, Qiang Zhang, Pingqing Fu","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01718-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01718-z","url":null,"abstract":"Cropland expansion has been the most notable change in global land use since industrialization. However, assessments of radiative forcing from land-use change have generally neglected the effects of cropland expansion on secondary organic aerosol. Here we perform a series of cropland expansion sensitivity experiments with an Earth system model that incorporates advanced secondary organic aerosol processes, including organic new particle formation. Our model results show an ~ 10% decrease in biogenic secondary organic aerosol burden due to cropland expansion since industrialization. This has reduced radiation scattering and cloud droplet formation associated with secondary organic aerosol, leading to a 146 ± 112 mW m−2 decline in its radiative cooling forcing, equivalent to 8% of CO2-induced radiative warming forcing since industrialization. The radiative impact is mainly attributed to the transition from evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forests to croplands. The radiative impacts are projected to increase by approximately 50% under future climate warming and reduced anthropogenic aerosol and precursor gas emissions, due to changes in biogenic emission intensity and background cloud condensation nuclei concentration. Policies addressing food security and climate change should account for the radiative impact of biogenic secondary organic aerosol from cropland expansion. Model simulations suggest that cropland expansion since industrialization has reduced atmospheric biogenic secondary organic aerosol by 10% and its associated radiative cooling effect by 11%.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 7","pages":"624-630"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144370815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bridgmanite’s ferric iron content determined Earth’s oxidation state 菱铁矿的铁含量决定了地球的氧化态

IF 16.1 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01725-0

Fei Wang, Lin Wang, Hongzhan Fei, Nobuyoshi Miyajima, Catherine McCammon, Daniel J. Frost, Tomoo Katsura

{"title":"Bridgmanite’s ferric iron content determined Earth’s oxidation state","authors":"Fei Wang, Lin Wang, Hongzhan Fei, Nobuyoshi Miyajima, Catherine McCammon, Daniel J. Frost, Tomoo Katsura","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01725-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01725-0","url":null,"abstract":"Bridgmanite, a magnesium-rich silicate perovskite, is the most prevalent mineral in Earth’s lower mantle and contains substantial quantities of ferric (oxidized) iron, even in equilibrium with iron metal. Mixing of oxygen-rich material from the lower mantle could have raised the oxidation state of the upper mantle to its present level after the more reducing conditions during core formation. However, it remains unclear how the lower-mantle oxygen content was established to achieve this level. Here we use high-pressure and temperature multi-anvil experiments at known oxygen fugacities to show that the bridgmanite ferric iron content is independent of pressure but decreases with temperature. Using these data, we build a thermodynamic model to calculate the ferric iron content of the lower mantle as bridgmanite crystallized from a reduced magma ocean in the early Earth. We determine that this ferric iron content would have been sufficient to explain the current upper mantle’s ferric iron content after whole mantle mixing. As bridgmanite crystallized from a reduced magma ocean, it left an oxidized lower mantle that may explain the oxidation state of the current upper mantle after mixing, according to high-pressure and high-temperature multi-anvil experiments.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 7","pages":"670-674"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01725-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Persistent emissions of ozone-depleting carbon tetrachloride from China during 2011–2021 2011-2021年中国消耗臭氧层的四氯化碳的持续排放

IF 16.1 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01721-4

Minde An, Bo Yao, Luke M. Western, Ronald G. Prinn, Xingchen Zhao, Jianxin Hu, Jens Mühle, Stefan Reimann, Martin K. Vollmer, Christina M. Harth, Simon O’Doherty, Ray F. Weiss, Wenxue Chi, Honghui Xu, Yan Yu, Anita L. Ganesan, Matthew Rigby

{"title":"Persistent emissions of ozone-depleting carbon tetrachloride from China during 2011–2021","authors":"Minde An, Bo Yao, Luke M. Western, Ronald G. Prinn, Xingchen Zhao, Jianxin Hu, Jens Mühle, Stefan Reimann, Martin K. Vollmer, Christina M. Harth, Simon O’Doherty, Ray F. Weiss, Wenxue Chi, Honghui Xu, Yan Yu, Anita L. Ganesan, Matthew Rigby","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01721-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01721-4","url":null,"abstract":"Lingering global emissions of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) are slowing ozone layer recovery. Estimates of global CCl4 emissions based on observed atmospheric mole fractions and inverse modelling (top down) exceed the emissions derived from known sources (bottom up) by ~30–40%. Here we derived CCl4 emissions from China for 2011–2021 using long-term atmospheric observations from a network of sites from across China and a top-down approach. Mean annual CCl4 emissions in China during 2011–2021 were between approximately 16 Gg yr−1 and 25 Gg yr−1, substantially larger than previous bottom-up inventories for China of less than 6 Gg yr−1 since 2011. Expressed in terms of ozone depletion potential (ODP)-weighted emissions, CCl4 annual emissions from China are comparable to global annual ‘unexpected’ trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) emissions during 2013–2018, or global total annual hydrochlorofluorocarbon emissions in 2020. The CCl4 emissions from China accounted for approximately half of the reported global total during 2011–2020, with neither showing a significant decreasing trend during this period. Substantial CCl4 emissions in China from allowed feedstock use, during the renewed production of CFC-11 between 2013 and 2018, and from by-production could close some of the emissions gap. However, ~4–15 Gg yr−1 of CCl4 emissions in China remain unexplained during 2011–2021, potentially accounting for more than half of the remaining global gap. China contributed about half of the global carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) emissions during 2011–2021, according to long-term atmospheric observations from China.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 7","pages":"593-598"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Climate-driven global cropland changes and consequent feedbacks 气候驱动的全球耕地变化及其反馈

IF 16.1 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01724-1

Nanshan You, Jessica Till, David B. Lobell, Peng Zhu, Paul C. West, Hui Kong, Wei Li, Michael Sprenger, Nelson B. Villoria, Pengfei Li, Yi Yang, Zhenong Jin

{"title":"Climate-driven global cropland changes and consequent feedbacks","authors":"Nanshan You, Jessica Till, David B. Lobell, Peng Zhu, Paul C. West, Hui Kong, Wei Li, Michael Sprenger, Nelson B. Villoria, Pengfei Li, Yi Yang, Zhenong Jin","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01724-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01724-1","url":null,"abstract":"The interdependence of climate change and agricultural land use remains a critical, yet unquantified, area of concern for future food production. Here we determine climate-driven cropland change based on an empirical model of cropland response to changes in agricultural productivity. By estimating counterfactual total factor productivity in a scenario without climate change, we find that 88 million hectares (90% confidence interval (CI) 5–179 Mha), or 6.3% (90% CI 3.6–12.8%) of the cropland currently used in 110 countries, can be attributed to climate change via reduced agricultural productivity growth over 1992–2020. This area exceeds the observed 3.9% net cropland expansion in the studied countries, indicating that total cropland area would have decreased in the absence of climate effects. The release of about 21.8 GtCO2 (lower/upper bound: 4.4–41.4 GtCO2) could have been prevented without climate-driven cropland change, accounting for about 18.9% (3.8–35.9%) of land-use change emissions in these countries. Climate-driven cropland change also triggered noticeably warmer and drier local climate feedback in some regions, with potential repercussions for food security. The substantial emissions will probably impose further long-term negative impacts on agricultural efficiency. Cropland area—and associated carbon dioxide emissions—in 110 studied countries is 6% higher than it would be without declines in agricultural productivity caused by climate change, according to a comparison of models with and without climate impacts.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 7","pages":"639-645"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rise in dust emissions from burned landscapes primarily driven by small fires 主要由小型火灾引起的燃烧景观的粉尘排放增加

IF 16.1 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01730-3

Xianglei Meng, Yan Yu, Paul Ginoux

{"title":"Rise in dust emissions from burned landscapes primarily driven by small fires","authors":"Xianglei Meng, Yan Yu, Paul Ginoux","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01730-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01730-3","url":null,"abstract":"Wildfires reduce vegetation cover and soil biocrust, thus expanding bare grounds susceptible to wind erosion. However, global characterization of post-fire dust emissions has remained qualitative and focused only on landscapes disturbed by relatively large wildfires. Here we apply principles of fluid mechanics to satellite measurements to quantify post-fire dust emissions. We find that 61% of global wildfires at various extents are followed by enhanced dust emissions, injecting 5.6 (3.3–9.2) Tg of dust per year during 2003 to 2022. 95% of the post-fire dust emissions are sourced to small wildfires, which occur more frequently and broadly than large wildfires especially across sparsely vegetated regions. Despite the recent decline in global burned area and a resultant decreasing occurrence of post-fire dust events, the total amount of global post-fire dust emissions has increased by 77% during the last two decades. This elevation in total post-fire dust emissions is attributed to intensifying burning and worsening fire-induced land degradation, which trigger a 155% increase in the intensity of post-fire dust emissions. With an ongoing enhancement of extreme wildfires and synchronized droughts under global warming, our results indicate the emerging importance of post-fire dust emissions globally and regionally. Post-fire dust emissions have increased by 77% globally over the past two decades, and small fires account for 95% of these emissions, according to analysis of satellite observations.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 7","pages":"586-592"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Consider groundwater quality in recovery strategies 在恢复策略中考虑地下水质量

IF 16.1 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01733-0

Yaqiang Wei, Liheng Wang

引用次数: 0

Northern ecosystem productivity reduced by Rossby-wave-driven hot–dry conditions 北方生态系统生产力因罗斯比波驱动的干热条件而降低

IF 16.1 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01722-3

Xu Lian, Yangmingkai Li, Jiangong Liu, Kai Kornhuber, Pierre Gentine

{"title":"Northern ecosystem productivity reduced by Rossby-wave-driven hot–dry conditions","authors":"Xu Lian, Yangmingkai Li, Jiangong Liu, Kai Kornhuber, Pierre Gentine","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01722-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01722-3","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale quasi-stationary Rossby waves in the tropospheric jet stream favour spatially compounding hot–dry and cold–wet weather across the northern hemisphere. However, how this circumglobal circulation pattern affects northern hemisphere ecosystem productivity remains unexplored. Here, using satellite proxies of vegetation photosynthesis, we assess the impact of Rossby wave-7 events during which the jet stream exhibits seven peaks and troughs and tends to produce prolonged weather anomalies. Our results show organized declines in vegetation productivity in warm cores and enhancement in cold cores at northern mid-latitudes during summer Rossby wave-7 events. Mid-latitude biomes within warm cores become much more susceptible to water limitations, resulting from an increased exposure to compound hot–dry (or cold–wet) extremes and a nonlinear physiological response to compound stressors. Of the warm cores analysed, wave events elevate the climatic risk of productivity declines by a factor of 8.3, 6.2 and 4.0 over western Europe, western Asia and the western United States, respectively, due to hot–dry extremes. In particular, 32–44% of the warm anomalies and 52–88% of the dry anomalies fall within the range of warmer–drier conditions projected for 2081–2100 by state-of-the-art climate models under a medium emissions scenario. Therefore, the observed Rossby-wave-driven impacts provide an indication of how a warmer–drier future climate could reduce the carbon uptake capacity of northern hemisphere ecosystems. Satellite observations suggest that prolonged hot–dry conditions induced by Rossby waves in the jet stream reduce ecosystem productivity, providing insights into the potential impacts of a future warmer and probably drier climate.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 7","pages":"615-623"},"PeriodicalIF":16.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144296159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The extra climate benefits of solar farms 太阳能农场的额外气候效益

IF 16.1 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01716-1

Zhengyao Lu

引用次数: 0