Nature Geoscience最新文献_第5页

Rapid rise of early ocean pH under elevated weathering rates

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01649-9

Meng Guo, Jun Korenaga

{"title":"Rapid rise of early ocean pH under elevated weathering rates","authors":"Meng Guo, Jun Korenaga","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01649-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01649-9","url":null,"abstract":"Ocean pH is a fundamental property regulating various aspects of Earth system evolution. However, early ocean pH remains controversial, with estimates ranging from strongly acidic to alkaline. Here we develop a model integrating global carbon cycling with ocean geochemistry, and incorporating continental growth and mantle thermal evolution. By coupling global carbon cycle with ocean charge balance, and by using solid Earth processes of mantle degassing and crustal evolution to specify the history of volatile distribution and ocean chemistry, we show that a rapid increase in ocean pH is likely during the Hadean to the early Archaean eons, with pH evolving from 5 to neutral by approximately 4.0 Gyr ago. This rapid pH evolution is attributed primarily to elevated rates of both seafloor and continental weathering during the Hadean. This acceleration in weathering rates originates in the unique aspects of Hadean geodynamics, including rapid crust formation, different crustal lithology and fast plate motion. Earth probably transformed from a hostile state to a habitable one by the end of the Hadean, approximately 4.0 Gyr ago, with important implications for planetary habitability and the origin of life. Ocean pH probably rose rapidly in the Hadean and early Archaean due to elevated rates of seafloor and continental weathering, according to a model integrating global carbon cycling and ocean geochemistry with continental growth and mantle thermal evolution.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 3","pages":"260-266"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geochemistry of lithospheric aqueous fluids modified by nanoconfinement

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01629-5

Alireza Chogani, Helen E. King, Benjamin Tutolo, Aleksandar Živković, Oliver Plümper

{"title":"Geochemistry of lithospheric aqueous fluids modified by nanoconfinement","authors":"Alireza Chogani, Helen E. King, Benjamin Tutolo, Aleksandar Živković, Oliver Plümper","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01629-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01629-5","url":null,"abstract":"Water is a principal component of Earth’s fluids, and its interaction with rocks governs lithospheric geochemical and geodynamic processes. Water–rock interactions are crucial in societally relevant resource management, including subsurface extraction and storage of energy, the deep carbon cycle and generating critical metal deposits. The prevailing view is that fluids navigate through the lithosphere without being influenced by the distinct properties that arise from matter confined at the nanoscale. Here we use electron microscopy and neutron scattering data to show that a diverse range of lithospheric rocks, including sandstones, peridotites and serpentinites, consistently show nanoporosity, predominantly with pore sizes < 100 nanometres. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that water’s dielectric permittivity—a fundamental property that governs its geochemical behaviour—diverges in nanoconfinement from its bulk counterpart under conditions ranging from ambient to extremes of 700 °C and 5 GPa. Our geochemical simulations suggest that changes in water permittivity due to confinement will decrease mineral solubility, a process that is not currently considered in models of fluid–rock interactions. Given that permittivity is also intimately linked to ion speciation, pore-size-dependent properties should be expected to exert a primary influence on rock reactivity and the geochemical evolution of fluids during fluid–rock interactions. Diverse lithospheric rocks show nanoporosity that changes the geochemistry of fluids and rock reactivity during fluid–rock interactions, according to a study including electron microscopy, molecular dynamics and thermodynamic modelling.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 2","pages":"191-196"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01629-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Explainability can foster trust in artificial intelligence in geoscience

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01639-x

Jesper Sören Dramsch, Monique M. Kuglitsch, Miguel-Ángel Fernández-Torres, Andrea Toreti, Rustem Arif Albayrak, Lorenzo Nava, Saman Ghaffarian, Ximeng Cheng, Jackie Ma, Wojciech Samek, Rudy Venguswamy, Anirudh Koul, Raghavan Muthuregunathan, Arthur Hrast Essenfelder

引用次数: 0

Increased crevassing across accelerating Greenland Ice Sheet margins

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01636-6

Thomas R. Chudley, Ian M. Howat, Michalea D. King, Emma J. MacKie

{"title":"Increased crevassing across accelerating Greenland Ice Sheet margins","authors":"Thomas R. Chudley, Ian M. Howat, Michalea D. King, Emma J. MacKie","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01636-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01636-6","url":null,"abstract":"Surface crevassing on the Greenland Ice Sheet is a large source of uncertainty in processes controlling mass loss due to a lack of comprehensive observations of their location and evolution through time. Here we use high-resolution digital elevation models to map the three-dimensional volume of crevasse fields across the Greenland Ice Sheet in 2016 and 2021. We show that, between the two years, large and significant increases in crevasse volume occurred at marine-terminating sectors with accelerating flow (up to +25.3 ± 10.1% in the southeast sector), while the change in total ice-sheet-wide crevasse volume was within measurement error (+4.3 ± 5.9%). The sectoral increases were offset by a reduction in crevasse volume in the central west sector (−14.2 ± 3.2%), particularly at Sermeq Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbræ), which exhibited slowdown and thickening over the study period. Changes in crevasse volume correlate strongly with antecedent discharge changes, indicating that the acceleration of ice flow in Greenland forces significant increases in crevassing on a timescale of less than five years. This response provides a mechanism for mass-loss-promoting feedbacks on sub-decadal timescales, including increased calving, faster flow and accelerated water transfer to the bed. Greenland-wide observations of crevasse volume and distribution suggest substantial increases in crevassing between 2016 and 2021 at marine-terminating sectors with accelerating ice flow.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 2","pages":"148-153"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01636-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contribution of sandy beaches to the global marine silicon cycle

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01628-6

Marius Aparicio, Antoine Le Bihan, Catherine Jeandel, Sebastien Fabre, Rafael Almar, Ivana M. Mingo

{"title":"Contribution of sandy beaches to the global marine silicon cycle","authors":"Marius Aparicio, Antoine Le Bihan, Catherine Jeandel, Sebastien Fabre, Rafael Almar, Ivana M. Mingo","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01628-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01628-6","url":null,"abstract":"Dissolved silicon levels in the ocean, which can shape marine carbon cycling owing to silicon’s role as a nutrient, are largely controlled by influxes from land. While riverine and groundwater silicon fluxes are relatively well understood, this is not the case for inputs stemming from the intense physical mixing of beaches made up of silicon-rich minerals. Here we investigate how energy dissipation due to breaking waves influences quartz dissolution rates in an experimental setup simulating a sandy beach made of pure α-quartz. The concentrations of dissolved silicon obtained show a substantial increase in the dissolution rate due to wave action, supporting related previous findings. The observed laboratory physico-chemical mechanism is upscaled to the worldwide sandy coastlines using global reanalysis. Overall, controlling for differences in wave power and sea surface temperature, this suggests that beaches contribute 8.4 ± 3.0 Tmol of dissolved silicon to the ocean each year, which is similar to the flux coming from rivers. This suggests, on the basis of a statistical analysis, that the global abiotic silicon cycle may not be in steady state as had previously been assumed and that sandy beaches must be considered when developing silicon budgets for the global ocean. Waves breaking on sandy beaches globally contribute a similar amount of dissolved silicon to oceans as that from rivers, according to a global analysis informed by experiments performed on a simulated quartz sand beach.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 2","pages":"154-159"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Burning of woody debris dominates fire emissions in the Amazon and Cerrado

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01637-5

Matthias Forkel, Christine Wessollek, Vincent Huijnen, Niels Andela, Adrianus de Laat, Daniel Kinalczyk, Christopher Marrs, Dave van Wees, Ana Bastos, Philippe Ciais, Dominic Fawcett, Johannes W. Kaiser, Carine Klauberg, Erico Kutchartt, Rodrigo Leite, Wei Li, Carlos Silva, Stephen Sitch, Jefferson Goncalves De Souza, Sönke Zaehle, Stephen Plummer

{"title":"Burning of woody debris dominates fire emissions in the Amazon and Cerrado","authors":"Matthias Forkel, Christine Wessollek, Vincent Huijnen, Niels Andela, Adrianus de Laat, Daniel Kinalczyk, Christopher Marrs, Dave van Wees, Ana Bastos, Philippe Ciais, Dominic Fawcett, Johannes W. Kaiser, Carine Klauberg, Erico Kutchartt, Rodrigo Leite, Wei Li, Carlos Silva, Stephen Sitch, Jefferson Goncalves De Souza, Sönke Zaehle, Stephen Plummer","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01637-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01637-5","url":null,"abstract":"The Amazon forest is fire sensitive, but, where fires were uncommon as a natural disturbance, deforestation and drought are accelerating fire occurrences, which threaten the integrity of the tropical forest, the carbon cycle and air quality. Fire emissions depend on fuel amount and type, moisture conditions and burning behaviour. Higher-resolution satellite data have helped more accurately map global burnt areas; however, the effects of fuels on the combustion process and on the composition of fire emissions remain uncertain in current fire emissions inventories. By using multiple Earth observation-based approaches, here we show that total fire emissions in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes are dominated by smouldering combustion of woody debris. The representation of woody debris and surface litter presents a critical uncertainty in fire emissions inventories and global vegetation models. For the fire season 1 August to 31 October 2020, for which all approaches are available, we found $$372^{605}_{277},mathrm{Tg}$$ (median and range across approaches) of dry matter burnt, corresponding to carbon monoxide emissions of $$39.1^{59}_{27},mathrm{Tg}$$ . Our results emphasize how Earth observation approaches for fuel and fire dynamics and of atmospheric trace gases reduce uncertainties of fire emission estimates. The findings enable diagnosing the representation of fuels, wildfire combustion and its effects on atmospheric composition and the carbon cycle in global vegetation–fire models. Fire emissions in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes are mainly produced from smouldering combustion of woody debris, according to observationally constrained fire emissions inventories.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 2","pages":"140-147"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deciphering unrest at Campi Flegrei

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01640-4

Bruno Scaillet, Raffaello Cioni, Clive Oppenheimer

引用次数: 0

Water determines geomicrobiological impact on stone heritage

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01631-x

Lu Wang, Junxia Huang, Patricia Sanmartín, Patrick Di Martino, Fasi Wu, Clara Enza Urzì, Ji-Dong Gu, Xiaobo Liu

引用次数: 0

Escalation of caldera unrest indicated by increasing emission of isotopically light sulfur

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01632-w

S. Caliro, G. Chiodini, R. Avino, A. Carandente, E. Cuoco, M. A. Di Vito, C. Minopoli, F. Rufino, A. Santi, J. Lages, A. Mangiacapra, B. Monteleone, L. Pappalardo, Z. Taracsák, C. Tramati, S. Vizzini, A. Aiuppa

{"title":"Escalation of caldera unrest indicated by increasing emission of isotopically light sulfur","authors":"S. Caliro, G. Chiodini, R. Avino, A. Carandente, E. Cuoco, M. A. Di Vito, C. Minopoli, F. Rufino, A. Santi, J. Lages, A. Mangiacapra, B. Monteleone, L. Pappalardo, Z. Taracsák, C. Tramati, S. Vizzini, A. Aiuppa","doi":"10.1038/s41561-024-01632-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-024-01632-w","url":null,"abstract":"Calderas are depressions formed by some of the largest volcanic eruptions. Their long-lived inter-eruptive periods are occasionally interrupted by phases of unrest, in which escalating seismicity, ground deformation and gas emissions raise concerns of potential volcano reawakening. However, interpretation of such physico-chemical signals is complicated by few examples of monitored unrest that culminated into eruption and by our fragmentary understanding of the drivers and timescales of caldera reactivation. Here we show that multi-decadal gas observations at the restless Campi Flegrei caldera in Italy record an unprecedented increase in isotopically light sulfur release from fumaroles since 2018. We then use hydrothermal gas equilibria and numerical simulations of magmatic degassing to propose that such a change in sulfur emissions results from decompression-driven degassing of mafic magma at ≥6 km depth, along with some extent of sulfur remobilization from hydrothermal minerals. Examination of a global dataset indicates that, despite the diversity in eruptive behaviour and tectonic setting, increasing sulfur output may be a common process during unrest escalation at calderas generally. Hence, our observations and models of sulfur behaviour may inform interpretations of unrest and hazard assessment at reawakening calderas and hydrothermal active volcanoes worldwide. The recent increase in isotopically light sulfur emissions from Campi Flegrei (Italy) is probably the result of degassing magma at ≥6 km depth and could be an indicator of caldera reawakening generally, according to observations and simulations.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 2","pages":"167-174"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01632-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decadal persistence of grassland soil organic matter derived from litter and pyrogenic inputs

IF 15.7 1区地球科学

Nature Geoscience Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01638-y

Sam J. Leuthold, Jennifer L. Soong, Rebecca J. Even, M. Francesca Cotrufo

{"title":"Decadal persistence of grassland soil organic matter derived from litter and pyrogenic inputs","authors":"Sam J. Leuthold, Jennifer L. Soong, Rebecca J. Even, M. Francesca Cotrufo","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01638-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41561-025-01638-y","url":null,"abstract":"The stabilization of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from organic inputs in soil organic matter constitutes a critical process in ecosystem biogeochemistry, yet the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Several frameworks have been proposed to explain particulate- and mineral-associated organic matter persistence, but a lack of long-term data has stymied their reconciliation. Here we present the results of an in-field incubation in a grassland in Kansas, USA, that followed 13C- and 15N-labelled plant litter and pyrogenic organic matter through the decomposition process and into soil organic matter fractions over the course of a decade. At the end of the experiment, 7.0% and 24.2% of the initial litter C and N, respectively, remained in the soil, while 60.8% and 54.4% of the initial pyrogenic organic matter C and N, respectively, remained. Litter-derived mineral-associated organic matter formed within the first year of litter decomposition, and 10-year sampling revealed that it had persisted relatively unchanged, in terms of both litter-derived C stocks and C:N ratio. These results provide further evidence that mineral-associated organic matter is stabilized via the sorption of soluble inputs and suggest that stabilization and persistence can occur largely independent of particulate organic matter dynamics. Plant litter-derived mineral-associated organic matter that formed in the first year and pyrogenic organic inputs both persist on a decadal scale in grassland soil via distinct mechanisms, according to a soil organic matter decomposition experiment.","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"18 3","pages":"226-231"},"PeriodicalIF":15.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0