Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology最新文献_第4页

How the discovery of mammalian regeneration shapes translational efforts. 哺乳动物再生的发现如何影响翻译工作。

IF 118 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-026-01014-7

Yanyao Li, Wei Wang

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Shaping the anticipatory governance of synthetic cell research 塑造合成细胞研究的预期治理。

IF 118 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-026-01015-6

Li Du

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An iron logic unites bacterial and cancer persister cells. 铁的逻辑把细菌和癌细胞联系在一起。

IF 118 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-026-01010-x

Raphaël Rodriguez, Patrizia Agostinis

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A call for studying the impact of multiple stressors on biological systems 呼吁研究多重压力源对生物系统的影响。

IF 118 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-026-01013-8

Ron Mittler, Sara I. Zandalinas, Matthias C. Rillig

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Mechanisms of transcription termination across the coding and noncoding loci of the genome. 基因组编码位点和非编码位点的转录终止机制。

IF 118 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-026-01005-8

Aixia Song, Minhui Hu, Fei Xavier Chen

{"title":"Mechanisms of transcription termination across the coding and noncoding loci of the genome.","authors":"Aixia Song, Minhui Hu, Fei Xavier Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41580-026-01005-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-026-01005-8","url":null,"abstract":"Transcription termination by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) defines transcriptional boundaries of protein-coding and noncoding transcription units throughout the genome. Rather than being a passive endpoint of elongation, termination is a tightly regulated and context-dependent process that shapes gene expression, RNA surveillance pathways and chromatin environments. This Review summarizes mechanistic and conceptual aspects of Pol II termination, focusing primarily on studies in metazoans and incorporating insights from yeast where relevant. We discuss the major termination pathways operating across different genomic contexts, including canonical cleavage and polyadenylation-dependent termination at 3' ends of genes, promoter-proximal termination mediated by the Integrator-PP2A complex (INTAC), Pol II turnover via the E3 ligase CRL3ARMC5 and cap-dependent RNA surveillance. We further examine how termination restrains pervasive transcription and how its dysregulation compromises genome stability, particularly through the accumulation of R-loops. Finally, we discuss how termination interfaces with RNA processing, export and nuclear decay pathways to guide RNA fate decisions.","PeriodicalId":19051,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":118.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148707461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Structure and function of the outer kinetochore 外着丝点的结构和功能。

IF 118 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-026-00988-8

Andrea Musacchio, Pim J. Huis in ’t Veld, Rae R. Brown, Aaron F. Straight

{"title":"Structure and function of the outer kinetochore","authors":"Andrea Musacchio, Pim J. Huis in ’t Veld, Rae R. Brown, Aaron F. Straight","doi":"10.1038/s41580-026-00988-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41580-026-00988-8","url":null,"abstract":"The kinetochore is the complex molecular machine that controls chromosome segregation. The kinetochore comprises two regions: the inner kinetochore, which assembles on the specialized chromatin structure of the centromere, and the outer kinetochore, the site of microtubule binding and feedback control of mitotic progression. The core of the outer kinetochore is the Knl1–Mis12–Ndc80 (KMN) complex. The KMN binds directly to microtubules, controls the recruitment of additional microtubule binders and modulators, and is the primary switch for the spindle assembly checkpoint, a feedback control mechanism that coordinates mitotic exit with completion of chromosome biorientation. Live-cell imaging analyses of chromosome alignment in mitosis, combined with sophisticated biochemical reconstitutions and high resolution structural analyses, are finally shedding light on the dynamic integration of these activities. In this Review, we focus on how the handful of KMN complexes present at each microtubule-binding site achieves this complex regulation with high accuracy. We refer readers to a complementary Review published in the same issue for a discussion on the structure and function of the inner kinetochore. The kinetochore orchestrates chromosome segregation. The KMN complex, which forms the core of the outer kinetochore binds to microtubules, recruits regulators and functions as a switch for the spindle assembly checkpoint. Recent integrative imaging, biochemical and structural studies have revealed how the KMN assemblies ensure accurate chromosome segregation.","PeriodicalId":19051,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology","volume":"27 10","pages":"743-762"},"PeriodicalIF":118.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structure and function of the centromere and inner kinetochore 着丝粒和内着丝点的结构和功能。

IF 118 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2026-08-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-026-00989-7

Rae R. Brown, Pim J. Huis in ’t Veld, Andrea Musacchio, Aaron F. Straight

{"title":"Structure and function of the centromere and inner kinetochore","authors":"Rae R. Brown, Pim J. Huis in ’t Veld, Andrea Musacchio, Aaron F. Straight","doi":"10.1038/s41580-026-00989-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41580-026-00989-7","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate chromosome segregation in eukaryotic cells ensures that each daughter cell receives the same chromosome complement during cell division. Key to this process is the kinetochore, a macromolecular complex that connects spindle microtubules to the chromosome. The kinetochore is composed of a diverse array of proteins that can be broadly separated into an inner and outer kinetochore. Each chromosome also contains a distinct site that specifies the location of kinetochore formation, the centromere, which in many species is epigenetically defined by the specialized histone H3 variant centromere protein A (CENP-A). In this Review, we discuss recent advances in determining the complete structure and function of the inner kinetochore, as well as the sequence and 2D and 3D organization of centromeric chromatin. We discuss the implications of these recent advances for our understanding of the assembly and function of the inner kinetochore. We refer readers to a complementary review published in the same issue for a discussion on the structure and function of the outer kinetochore. Finally, we outline key questions persisting in the field driving future studies of the kinetochore and centromere. The kinetochore is a macromolecular complex that assembles on centromeric chromatin and connects spindle microtubules to the chromosome. This Review discusses recent advances in determining the organization of centromeric chromatin and the complete structure and function of the inner kinetochore, which are crucial for accurate chromosome segregation.","PeriodicalId":19051,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology","volume":"27 10","pages":"729-742"},"PeriodicalIF":118.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

At high noon, plants apply a condensate sunscreen 正午时分，植物会涂上一层凝结水防晒霜。

IF 118 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2026-07-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-026-01008-5

Eytan Zlotorynski

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Exchange dynamics and kinetic control of gene regulation complexes 基因调控复合物的交换动力学和动力学控制。

IF 118 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2026-07-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-026-00991-z

Alexander Johnson-Buck, Adrien Chauvier, Abrar A. Abidi, Djem U. Kissiov, Xavier Darzacq, Robert Tjian, Sarah A. Woodson, Nils G. Walter

{"title":"Exchange dynamics and kinetic control of gene regulation complexes","authors":"Alexander Johnson-Buck, Adrien Chauvier, Abrar A. Abidi, Djem U. Kissiov, Xavier Darzacq, Robert Tjian, Sarah A. Woodson, Nils G. Walter","doi":"10.1038/s41580-026-00991-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41580-026-00991-z","url":null,"abstract":"The classical view of gene regulation complexes as stable, modular machines needs amending based on emerging insights into their dynamic nature. Whereas recent advances in structural biology have provided high-resolution snapshots of these complex machines, single-molecule and live-cell imaging techniques reveal a more fluid picture: biological function emerges not from static architectures but from transient, dynamic assemblies that continually exchange their components and whose activity is tuned through kinetic control. In this Perspective, we propose dynamic, reversible assembly as a framework for understanding the mechanisms of RNA processing and gene regulation. Drawing on specific case studies from ribosome biogenesis, spliceosomes, small RNAs and transcription factors, we explore how ribonucleoprotein complexes and transcriptional ensembles form and dissolve in time, how protein intrinsically disordered regions collectively enable transcription factors to achieve specificity, and the kinetic principles underlying the fidelity, adaptability and robustness of cellular processes and their related pathologies. In doing so, we show how molecular interactions are governed by rates rather than by equilibrium affinities, providing a foundation for time-integrated structure–function studies. Recent evidence reveals how gene expression complexes form transient assemblies that continually exchange their subunits under kinetic control. This Perspective proposes that these dynamics form the basis of RNA processing and gene regulation.","PeriodicalId":19051,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology","volume":"27 10","pages":"781-792"},"PeriodicalIF":118.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148631076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regulation of RNA transcript elongation in metazoans and its relevance to disease. 后生动物RNA转录延伸的调控及其与疾病的相关性

IF 118 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2026-07-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-026-01003-w

Claudia A Mimoso, Isaac Fianu, Karen Adelman

{"title":"Regulation of RNA transcript elongation in metazoans and its relevance to disease.","authors":"Claudia A Mimoso, Isaac Fianu, Karen Adelman","doi":"10.1038/s41580-026-01003-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-026-01003-w","url":null,"abstract":"Our understanding of transcript elongation by metazoan RNA polymerase II (Pol II) has grown notably in recent years. Advances in structural biology have defined the interactions that underlie promoter-proximal pausing of Pol II and the transition from pausing to productive elongation. Improved targeted protein degradation together with sensitive, time-resolved assays of RNA synthesis has transformed our view of transcript elongation control in living cells. In this Review, we discuss the highly orchestrated interactions between elongating Pol II and co-transcriptional RNA-processing factors, revealing that the splicing factor U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U1 snRNP) directly stimulates productive elongation. Biochemical and cell-based techniques have shed new light on how Pol II overcomes obstacles to elongation such as nucleosomes. Emerging studies have demonstrated the importance of quality control during early transcript elongation by factors such as Integrator and Restrictor. These surveillance machineries ensure the integrity of mRNA synthesis and suppress spurious RNAs arising from transposable elements or regulatory regions such as enhancers. Finally, we discuss how defects in Pol II elongation contribute to diseases ranging from developmental disorders to cancer and inflammation, emphasizing the importance of a fuller understanding of Pol II elongation to human health.","PeriodicalId":19051,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":118.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148631072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0