Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology最新文献_第10页

The bioethics of synthetic cells 合成细胞的生物伦理

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00693-w

Hub Zwart

引用次数: 0

The molecular basis of translation initiation and its regulation in eukaryotes 真核生物翻译起始的分子基础及其调控

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00624-9

Jailson Brito Querido, Irene Díaz-López, V. Ramakrishnan

{"title":"The molecular basis of translation initiation and its regulation in eukaryotes","authors":"Jailson Brito Querido, Irene Díaz-López, V. Ramakrishnan","doi":"10.1038/s41580-023-00624-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41580-023-00624-9","url":null,"abstract":"The regulation of gene expression is fundamental for life. Whereas the role of transcriptional regulation of gene expression has been studied for several decades, it has been clear over the past two decades that post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, of which translation regulation is a major part, can be equally important. Translation can be divided into four main stages: initiation, elongation, termination and ribosome recycling. Translation is controlled mainly during its initiation, a process which culminates in a ribosome positioned with an initiator tRNA over the start codon and, thus, ready to begin elongation of the protein chain. mRNA translation has emerged as a powerful tool for the development of innovative therapies, yet the detailed mechanisms underlying the complex process of initiation remain unclear. Recent studies in yeast and mammals have started to shed light on some previously unclear aspects of this process. In this Review, we discuss the current state of knowledge on eukaryotic translation initiation and its regulation in health and disease. Specifically, we focus on recent advances in understanding the processes involved in assembling the 43S pre-initiation complex and its recruitment by the cap-binding complex eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) at the 5′ end of mRNA. In addition, we discuss recent insights into ribosome scanning along the 5′ untranslated region of mRNA and selection of the start codon, which culminates in joining of the 60S large subunit and formation of the 80S initiation complex. Translation is controlled mainly during its initiation. Recent studies in yeast and mammals provide new insights into the mechanism of translation initiation regulation in health and in various diseases, and open avenues for the development of innovative therapies targeting the translation machinery.","PeriodicalId":19051,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":112.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138485365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lysosomes as coordinators of cellular catabolism, metabolic signalling and organ physiology 溶酶体作为细胞分解代谢、代谢信号和器官生理的协调者。

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00676-x

Carmine Settembre, Rushika M. Perera

{"title":"Lysosomes as coordinators of cellular catabolism, metabolic signalling and organ physiology","authors":"Carmine Settembre, Rushika M. Perera","doi":"10.1038/s41580-023-00676-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41580-023-00676-x","url":null,"abstract":"Every cell must satisfy basic requirements for nutrient sensing, utilization and recycling through macromolecular breakdown to coordinate programmes for growth, repair and stress adaptation. The lysosome orchestrates these key functions through the synchronised interplay between hydrolytic enzymes, nutrient transporters and signalling factors, which together enable metabolic coordination with other organelles and regulation of specific gene expression programmes. In this Review, we discuss recent findings on lysosome-dependent signalling pathways, focusing on how the lysosome senses nutrient availability through its physical and functional association with mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and how, in response, the microphthalmia/transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) transcription factors exert feedback regulation on lysosome biogenesis. We also highlight the emerging interactions of lysosomes with other organelles, which contribute to cellular homeostasis. Lastly, we discuss how lysosome dysfunction contributes to diverse disease pathologies and how inherited mutations that compromise lysosomal hydrolysis, transport or signalling components lead to multi-organ disorders with severe metabolic and neurological impact. A deeper comprehension of lysosomal composition and function, at both the cellular and organismal level, may uncover fundamental insights into human physiology and disease. Lysosomes orchestrate key cellular functions such as nutrient sensing, degradation of macromolecules and stress adaptation. This Review discusses the integration of signalling pathways at the lysosome and highlights the interaction of lysosomes with other organelles and mechanisms that ensure lysosome homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":19051,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":112.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138434608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does species-specific alternative splicing make us human? 是物种特异性的选择性剪接使我们成为人类吗?

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00692-x

Florian Heyd

引用次数: 0

The molecular basis for cellular function of intrinsically disordered protein regions 内在无序的蛋白质区域的细胞功能的分子基础

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00673-0

Alex S. Holehouse, Birthe B. Kragelund

{"title":"The molecular basis for cellular function of intrinsically disordered protein regions","authors":"Alex S. Holehouse, Birthe B. Kragelund","doi":"10.1038/s41580-023-00673-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41580-023-00673-0","url":null,"abstract":"Intrinsically disordered protein regions exist in a collection of dynamic interconverting conformations that lack a stable 3D structure. These regions are structurally heterogeneous, ubiquitous and found across all kingdoms of life. Despite the absence of a defined 3D structure, disordered regions are essential for cellular processes ranging from transcriptional control and cell signalling to subcellular organization. Through their conformational malleability and adaptability, disordered regions extend the repertoire of macromolecular interactions and are readily tunable by their structural and chemical context, making them ideal responders to regulatory cues. Recent work has led to major advances in understanding the link between protein sequence and conformational behaviour in disordered regions, yet the link between sequence and molecular function is less well defined. Here we consider the biochemical and biophysical foundations that underlie how and why disordered regions can engage in productive cellular functions, provide examples of emerging concepts and discuss how protein disorder contributes to intracellular information processing and regulation of cellular function. Intrinsically disordered regions of proteins lack a defined 3D structure and exist in a collection of interconverting conformations. Recent work is shedding light on how — through their conformational malleability and adaptability — intrinsically disordered regions extend the repertoire of macromolecular interactions in the cell and contribute to key cellular functions.","PeriodicalId":19051,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":112.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91398643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Probing cytoskeletal remodelling by cutting and marking filaments 通过切割和标记细丝来探测细胞骨架重塑

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00687-8

Manuela Richter

引用次数: 0

The nuance in DNA and transcription factor interactions DNA和转录因子相互作用的细微差别。

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00685-w

Emily Wong

引用次数: 0

Senescent cells support limb regeneration 衰老细胞支持肢体再生。

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00684-x

Paulina Strzyz

引用次数: 0

Extended heterochronic parabiosis as an approach to study rejuvenation 扩展异时共生作为研究复兴的一种方法。

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00681-0

Bohan Zhang

引用次数: 0

Local and systemic mechanisms that control the hair follicle stem cell niche 控制毛囊干细胞生态位的局部和系统机制。

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00662-3

Bing Zhang, Ting Chen

{"title":"Local and systemic mechanisms that control the hair follicle stem cell niche","authors":"Bing Zhang, Ting Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41580-023-00662-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41580-023-00662-3","url":null,"abstract":"Hair follicles are essential appendages of the mammalian skin, as hair performs vital functions of protection, thermoregulation and sensation. Hair follicles harbour exceptional regenerative abilities as they contain multiple somatic stem cell populations such as hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and melanocyte stem cells. Surrounding the stem cells and their progeny, diverse groups of cells and extracellular matrix proteins are organized to form a microenvironment (called ‘niche’) that serves to promote and maintain the optimal functioning of these stem cell populations. Recent studies have shed light on the intricate nature of the HFSC niche and its crucial role in regulating hair follicle regeneration. In this Review, we describe how the niche serves as a signalling hub, communicating, deciphering and integrating both local signals within the skin and systemic inputs from the body and environment to modulate HFSC activity. We delve into the recent advancements in identifying the cellular and molecular nature of the niche, providing a holistic perspective on its essential functions in hair follicle morphogenesis, regeneration and ageing. The regenerative abilities of mammalian hair follicles are facilitated by the proliferation of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), which reside in specialized niches within the skin. Recent studies shed light on how local signals and systemic inputs from the body and the environment regulate HFSC function.","PeriodicalId":19051,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":112.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71413178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0