Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology最新文献_第9页

Phase separation of biomolecules on free-standing planar membranes 独立平面膜上生物分子的相分离

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00695-8

Yohan Lee

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Roles and regulation of tRNA-derived small RNAs in animals tRNA 衍生的小 RNA 在动物体内的作用和调控

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00690-z

Sowndarya Muthukumar, Cai-Tao Li, Ru-Juan Liu, Cristian Bellodi

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Patterning of the cell cortex by Rho GTPases Rho GTP酶为细胞皮层绘制图案

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00682-z

William M. Bement, Andrew B. Goryachev, Ann L. Miller, George von Dassow

{"title":"Patterning of the cell cortex by Rho GTPases","authors":"William M. Bement, Andrew B. Goryachev, Ann L. Miller, George von Dassow","doi":"10.1038/s41580-023-00682-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41580-023-00682-z","url":null,"abstract":"The Rho GTPases — RHOA, RAC1 and CDC42 — are small GTP binding proteins that regulate basic biological processes such as cell locomotion, cell division and morphogenesis by promoting cytoskeleton-based changes in the cell cortex. This regulation results from active (GTP-bound) Rho GTPases stimulating target proteins that, in turn, promote actin assembly and myosin 2-based contraction to organize the cortex. This basic regulatory scheme, well supported by in vitro studies, led to the natural assumption that Rho GTPases function in vivo in an essentially linear matter, with a given process being initiated by GTPase activation and terminated by GTPase inactivation. However, a growing body of evidence based on live cell imaging, modelling and experimental manipulation indicates that Rho GTPase activation and inactivation are often tightly coupled in space and time via signalling circuits and networks based on positive and negative feedback. In this Review, we present and discuss this evidence, and we address one of the fundamental consequences of coupled activation and inactivation: the ability of the Rho GTPases to self-organize, that is, direct their own transition from states of low order to states of high order. We discuss how Rho GTPase self-organization results in the formation of diverse spatiotemporal cortical patterns such as static clusters, oscillatory pulses, travelling wave trains and ring-like waves. Finally, we discuss the advantages of Rho GTPase self-organization and pattern formation for cell function. The Rho GTPases are small GTP binding proteins that regulate basic biological processes such as cell locomotion, cell division and morphogenesis by promoting cytoskeleton-based changes in the cell cortex. These different functions are driven by the ability of Rho GTPases to self-organize, forming diverse spatiotemporal cortical patterns.","PeriodicalId":19051,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":112.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139081708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Cell quiescence sends argonaute-2 to transposons 细胞静止将 argonaute-2 送到转座子上

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00696-7

Eytan Zlotorynski

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A guide to cell death pathways 细胞死亡途径指南

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00689-6

Junying Yuan, Dimitry Ofengeim

{"title":"A guide to cell death pathways","authors":"Junying Yuan, Dimitry Ofengeim","doi":"10.1038/s41580-023-00689-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41580-023-00689-6","url":null,"abstract":"Regulated cell death mediated by dedicated molecular machines, known as programmed cell death, plays important roles in health and disease. Apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis are three such programmed cell death modalities. The caspase family of cysteine proteases serve as key regulators of programmed cell death. During apoptosis, a cascade of caspase activation mediates signal transduction and cellular destruction, whereas pyroptosis occurs when activated caspases cleave gasdermins, which can then form pores in the plasma membrane. Necroptosis, a form of caspase-independent programmed necrosis mediated by RIPK3 and MLKL, is inhibited by caspase-8-mediated cleavage of RIPK1. Disruption of cellular homeostatic mechanisms that are essential for cell survival, such as normal ionic and redox balance and lysosomal flux, can also induce cell death without invoking programmed cell death mechanisms. Excitotoxicity, ferroptosis and lysosomal cell death are examples of such cell death modes. In this Review, we provide an overview of the major cell death mechanisms, highlighting the latest insights into their complex regulation and execution, and their relevance to human diseases. Cell death can result from the activation of dedicated programmed cell death machineries or disruption of pro-survival mechanisms. This Review describes the different major mechanisms of cell death and discusses recent insights into their relevance to disease.","PeriodicalId":19051,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":112.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138740587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Present and future of synthetic cell development 合成细胞开发的现状与未来

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00686-9

Katarzyna P. Adamala, Marileen Dogterom, Yuval Elani, Petra Schwille, Masahiro Takinoue, T-Y Dora Tang

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Structure and growth of plant cell walls 植物细胞壁的结构和生长

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00691-y

Daniel J. Cosgrove

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Adherens junctions as molecular regulators of emergent tissue mechanics 作为新兴组织力学分子调节器的粘连接头

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00688-7

Otger Campàs, Ivar Noordstra, Alpha S. Yap

{"title":"Adherens junctions as molecular regulators of emergent tissue mechanics","authors":"Otger Campàs, Ivar Noordstra, Alpha S. Yap","doi":"10.1038/s41580-023-00688-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41580-023-00688-7","url":null,"abstract":"Tissue and organ development during embryogenesis relies on the collective and coordinated action of many cells. Recent studies have revealed that tissue material properties, including transitions between fluid and solid tissue states, are controlled in space and time to shape embryonic structures and regulate cell behaviours. Although the collective cellular flows that sculpt tissues are guided by tissue-level physical changes, these ultimately emerge from cellular-level and subcellular-level molecular mechanisms. Adherens junctions are key subcellular structures, built from clusters of classical cadherin receptors. They mediate physical interactions between cells and connect biochemical signalling to the physical characteristics of cell contacts, hence playing a fundamental role in tissue morphogenesis. In this Review, we take advantage of the results of recent, quantitative measurements of tissue mechanics to relate the molecular and cellular characteristics of adherens junctions, including adhesion strength, tension and dynamics, to the emergent physical state of embryonic tissues. We focus on systems in which cell–cell interactions are the primary contributor to morphogenesis, without significant contribution from cell–matrix interactions. We suggest that emergent tissue mechanics is an important direction for future research, bridging cell biology, developmental biology and mechanobiology to provide a holistic understanding of morphogenesis in health and disease. Adherens junctions (AJs) are canonical mediators of cell–cell adhesion that support embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. This Review discusses how the properties and behaviours of embryonic tissues emerge from the collective molecular interactions that occur at AJs.","PeriodicalId":19051,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":112.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138740484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

White adipocyte dysfunction and obesity-associated pathologies in humans 人类白色脂肪细胞功能障碍和肥胖相关病症

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00680-1

Carolina E. Hagberg, Kirsty L. Spalding

{"title":"White adipocyte dysfunction and obesity-associated pathologies in humans","authors":"Carolina E. Hagberg, Kirsty L. Spalding","doi":"10.1038/s41580-023-00680-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41580-023-00680-1","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of obesity and associated chronic diseases continues to increase worldwide, negatively impacting on societies and economies. Whereas the association between excess body weight and increased risk for developing a multitude of diseases is well established, the initiating mechanisms by which weight gain impairs our metabolic health remain surprisingly contested. In order to better address the myriad of disease states associated with obesity, it is essential to understand adipose tissue dysfunction and develop strategies for reinforcing adipocyte health. In this Review we outline the diverse physiological functions and pathological roles of human white adipocytes, examining our current knowledge of why white adipocytes are vital for systemic metabolic control, yet poorly adapted to our current obesogenic environment. White adipose tissue serves a plethora of physiological functions, which are compromised in obesity. The mechanisms through which obese white adipose tissue contributes to pathologies including insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, chronic inflammation, cancer and decreased fertility are emerging. In the future, these insights can be translated into novel drugs for obesity and obesity-associated diseases.","PeriodicalId":19051,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":112.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138571156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Energy-driven genome regulation by ATP-dependent chromatin remodellers ATP 依赖性染色质重塑器的能量驱动基因组调控

IF 112.7 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00683-y

Sebastian Eustermann, Avinash B. Patel, Karl-Peter Hopfner, Yuan He, Philipp Korber

{"title":"Energy-driven genome regulation by ATP-dependent chromatin remodellers","authors":"Sebastian Eustermann, Avinash B. Patel, Karl-Peter Hopfner, Yuan He, Philipp Korber","doi":"10.1038/s41580-023-00683-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41580-023-00683-y","url":null,"abstract":"The packaging of DNA into chromatin in eukaryotes regulates gene transcription, DNA replication and DNA repair. ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling enzymes (re)arrange nucleosomes at the first level of chromatin organization. Their Snf2-type motor ATPases alter histone–DNA interactions through a common DNA translocation mechanism. Whether remodeller activities mainly catalyse nucleosome dynamics or accurately co-determine nucleosome organization remained unclear. In this Review, we discuss the emerging mechanisms of chromatin remodelling: dynamic remodeller architectures and their interactions, the inner workings of the ATPase cycle, allosteric regulation and pathological dysregulation. Recent mechanistic insights argue for a decisive role of remodellers in the energy-driven self-organization of chromatin, which enables both stability and plasticity of genome regulation — for example, during development and stress. Different remodellers, such as members of the SWI/SNF, ISWI, CHD and INO80 families, process (epi)genetic information through specific mechanisms into distinct functional outputs. Combinatorial assembly of remodellers and their interplay with histone modifications, histone variants, DNA sequence or DNA-bound transcription factors regulate nucleosome mobilization or eviction or histone exchange. Such input–output relationships determine specific nucleosome positions and compositions with distinct DNA accessibilities and mediate differential genome regulation. Finally, remodeller genes are often mutated in diseases characterized by genome dysregulation, notably in cancer, and we discuss their physiological relevance. ATP-dependent chromatin remodellers regulate chromatin transactions — transcription, replication and DNA repair — by re-arranging nucleosomes. Recent studies have elucidated the organization of remodeller complexes, their ATPase activity, their regulation and their pathological dysregulation.","PeriodicalId":19051,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":112.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138565001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0