Nanotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Diamond nanoneedles for biosensing.","authors":"Mariam Quarshie, Lena Golubewa, Caterina Giraulo, Silvana Morello, Claudia Cirillo, Maria Sarno, Bo Xu, Priyadharshini Balasubramanian, Yuliya Mindarava, Marijonas Tutkus, Alexander Obraztsov, Fedor Jelezko, Polina Kuzhir, Sergei Malykhin","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adb8f4","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adb8f4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoparticles and nanomaterials are revolutionizing medicine by offering diverse tools for diagnosis and therapy, including devices, contrast agents, drug delivery systems, adjuvants, therapeutics, and theragnostic agents. Realizing full applied potential requires a deep understanding of the interactions of nano dimensional objects with biological cells. In this study, we investigate interaction of single-crystal diamond nanoneedles (SCDNNs) containing silicon vacancy (SiV^-) color centers with biological substances. Four batches of the diamond needles with sizes ranging between 200 nm and 1300 nm and their water suspensions were used in these studies. The human lung fibroblast cells were used for the proof-of-concept demonstration. Employing micro-photoluminescence (PL) mapping, confocal microscopy, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) viability tests, we evaluated the cellular response to the SCDNNs. Intriguingly, our investigation with PL spectroscopy revealed that the cells and SCDNNs can coexist together with approved efficient registration of SiV^-centers presence. Notably, LDH release remained minimal in cells exposed to optimally sized SCDNNs, suggesting a small number of lysed cells, and indicating non-cytotoxicity in concentrations of 2-32<i>µ</i>g ml^-1. The evidence obtained highlights the potential of SCDNNs for extra- or/and intracellular drug delivery when the surface of the needle is modified. In addition, fluorescent defects in the SCDNNs can be used for bioimaging as well as optical and quantum sensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The SiP nanotubes as potential metal-free photocatalyst: a density functional theory study.","authors":"Chao Wang, Xuan Hui, Yingtao Zhu, Huanyu Zhao, Weijun Cao","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adb9ee","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adb9ee","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogen generation via photocatalytic water splitting holds significant potential as a strategy to tackle energy crises and environmental degradation. We investigated the electronic and photocatalytic properties of silicon phosphide (SiP) single-walled nanotubes as potential photocatalysts employing HSE06 hybrid density functional along with all-electron Gaussian basis sets. Relative to the monolayer, the band gap of nanotube is reduced (e.g. 1.99 eV for (55, 0)), and the nature of electron transfer in nanotube changes to direct which can extend the visible light absorption range. Moreover, the hydrogen production rate for SiP (55, 0) nanotube increases from 9.97% to 12.41%. Calculations of the band edge positions under various pH conditions indicate that nanotubes exhibit strong reduction capabilities. Within the pH value between 0 and 7 nanotubes with a radius exceeding 40 Å can split water into H₂and O₂simultaneously under sunlight irradiation. Applying tensile and compressible strain can effectively enhance the oxidation ability for overall water splitting due to downward valance band edge. Furthermore, the difference in mobility between the (50, 0) nanotube electrons (140.68 cm²v^-1s^-1) and hole (4.26 cm²v^-1s^-1) suggests that electron-hole recombination can be mitigated. Based on the above findings, we hypothesize that SiP nanotubes should be a potential metal-free photocatalyst.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly sensitive refractive index sensing with a perfect MIM absorber in visible to near-infrared range.","authors":"Sk Md Abdul Kaium, Md Aslam Mollah","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adba66","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adba66","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An innovative metasurface refractive index sensor that operates in the visible to near-infrared (NIR) range is introduced in this work. The sensor has a unique half-ring, half-square split design which allows it to reach dual absorption peaks, resulting in near-perfect absorption values of 99.97% in the visible range and 99.99% in the NIR region. Reaching 530.05 nmRIU-1for the visible spectrum's first peak and 620.24 nmRIU-1for the NIR's second peak, the resonant structure has remarkable refractive index sensitivity. Additionally, the metasurface's highest figure of merit of 13.88 RIU^-1highlights how effective it is in detecting refractive index. The sensor has a robust linear response to changes in the refractive index and functions efficiently throughout a range of 1 to 1.5. Through the utilization of both surface plasmon resonance and Fabry-Pérot cavity resonances, the device's distinct design improves light-matter interaction, which in turn increases sensitivity and absorption. Finite element method simulations in the frequency domain revealed the optimal geometric parameters for maximum performance. With its high absorption capacity and polarization insensitivity, this unique design provides a flexible platform for use in chemical detection, environmental monitoring, and biosensing. The structure's scalability and tunability further increase its potential for useful sensing solutions in a variety of industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing IoT security with threshold switching-based unified security primitives.","authors":"Guobin Zhang, Jianhao Kan, Xuemeng Fan, Qi Luo, Jiabao Sun, Dawei Gao, Yishu Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adb980","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adb980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the era of big data and Internet of Things (IoT), the surge in data volume and widespread interconnectivity of devices make hardware a key node in a vast network ecosystem. Developing state-of-the-art secure IoT hardware is necessary and critical. In this paper, we successfully realized a unified security hardware integrating Physically unclonable function (PUF) and true random number generator (TRNG) functions by constructing a 32× 32 1T1R array based on threshold switching (TS) memristor cells. Through detailed analysis of the chemical properties of FeO<i>_x</i>films and the electrical properties of TS memristors, we verified that the prepared TS devices have good cyclic stability and randomness. Leveraging these characteristics, we implemented a PUF system and effectively deployed a TRNG relying on the CTR_DRBG algorithm. Notably, the generated PUF exhibits a Hamming Weight of 0.508 with the standard deviation of 0.062, along with an Intra-Hamming Distance of 0.00012 with the standard deviation of 0.142 and an Inter-Hamming Distance of 0.496 with the standard deviation of 0.073. Moreover, we conducted a baking test on the samples for 100 h at each temperature point, with intervals of 25 °C within the 25 °C-125 °C range. The resulting bit-error rate (BER) of the generated PUF remains below 1.5%, which clearly attests to the PUF's remarkable uniformity, uniqueness, and robustness. Subsequently, we subjected the generated random numbers to the National Institute of Standards and Technology-900 test. The results revealed that the<i>p</i>-values of all test items exceeded 0.01, a strong indication of the outstanding randomness of the generated random numbers. Compared with other similar works, the energy consumption per bit is reduced by more than 30%, and the rate of generating random numbers is increased by more than 20%. The proposed unified security hardware not only demonstrates the potential application of TS memristor in hardware security, but also provides new ideas for solving the integration and energy efficiency problems of security hardware in IoT devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding hydrogen and heat diffusion across c-Si/a-Si:H heterojunctions for improved thermal management in solar cells fabrication.","authors":"Riccardo Dettori, Claudio Melis, Luciano Colombo","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adb8f3","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adb8f3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>c-Si/a-Si:H-based solar cells are characterized by impressive efficiencies for silicon based devices. In this paper, we present a comprehensive atomistic simulation study of the structural and transport properties of crystalline silicon and hydrogenated amorphous silicon heterostructures for photovoltaic applications. By leveraging state-of-the-art molecular dynamics simulations with a machine-learned force field, we explore the effects of thermal boundary resistance as well as hydrogen diffusion on device performance. The simulations reveal the dependence of thermal properties on crystalline orientations, cooling rates of the amorphous layer, and interface morphology. A systematic investigation of hydrogen diffusion demonstrates its impact on heat transport and structural stability, highlighting the role of moderate hydrogenation (⩽10%) and specific orientations in enhancing thermal dissipation and reducing degradation. These findings provide atomistic insights into optimizing c-Si/a-Si:H interfaces, enabling improved thermal management and long-term stability for high-performance solar cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-yield synthesis of FeNC as support of PtFe nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction by a green ball milling method.","authors":"Huihui Jin, Nannan Jiang, Yujia Chen, Zhijie Feng, Haoying Cheng, Lunhui Guan","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adb8c2","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adb8c2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enhancing catalytic activity, durability and reducing costs are major challenges in commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Non-precious metal catalysts face durability challenges when applied to PEMFCs, while platinum (Pt)-based catalysts are hampered by their high costs and weak interactions with carbon supports, limiting their application in PEMFCs. Combining Pt-based catalysts with iron-nitrogen-carbon (FeNC) supports can improve the oxygen reduction reaction performance. However, traditional preparation methods for FeNC supports, such as liquid-phase and hydrothermal synthesis, are cumbersome and have low yield. Here, we introduce a simple ball-milling method to synthesize FeNC with high yield that achieves a high-surface-area and uniform dispersion of Fe atoms. The FeNC support anchors PtFe nanoparticles at FeN_<i>x</i>sites. This enhances support-alloy interactions and suppresses particle aggregation. The obtained catalyst denoted as PtFe/B-FeNC exhibits an exceptional mass activity of 2.57 A mg_Pt^-1at 0.9 V, representing a 12.2-fold increase compared to the commercial Pt/C. There is only 30 mV degradation for the catalyst after 120 k cycles, indicating outstanding stability. This research paves the way for the green synthesis of PtFe/B-FeNC with high yield, facilitating the development of commercial materials for other electrochemical devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of ultra-wide-bandgap semiconductor radiation detector for high-energy particles and photons.","authors":"Wenzheng Cheng, Feiyang Zhao, Tianyi Zhang, Yongjie He, Hao Zhu","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adb8f2","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adb8f2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation detectors have gained significant attention due to their extensive applications in high-energy physics, medical diagnostics, aerospace, and nuclear radiation protection. Advances in relevant technologies have made the drawbacks of traditional semiconductor detectors, including high leakage currents and instability, increasingly apparent. Ga₂O₃, diamond, and BN represent a new generation of semiconductor materials following GaN and SiC, offering wide bandgaps of around 5 eV. These ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors demonstrate excellent properties, including ultra-low dark current, high breakdown fields, and superior radiation tolerance, underscoring their promising potential in radiation detection. In this review, we first discuss the materials and electrical properties of Ga₂O₃, diamond, and BN, along with the general performance metrics relevant to radiation detectors. Subsequently, the review provides a comprehensive overview of the research progress in x-ray detection, charged particle detection (e.g.<i>α</i>particles and carbon ions), as well as fast neutron and thermal neutron detection, focusing on aspects such as chip fabrication processes, device architectures, and testing results for radiation detectors based on these three materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-technique-based electrochemical sensing of lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen as a biomarker for early-stage tuberculosis diagnosis.","authors":"Dinesh R Rotake, Shubham C Anjankar, Shiv Govind Singh","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adb7ea","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adb7ea","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a pressing global health challenge, necessitating precise and reliable biomarkers for early detection. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM), an FDA-approved biomarker (Monoclonal Antibody-MBS320597), holds significant potential due to its association with the<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>cell wall. This study systematically evaluates LAM concentrations ranging from 1 pg ml^-1to 6 ng ml^-1using square wave voltammetry analysis, achieving an exceptional limit of detection of 0.077 pg ml^-1. A comprehensive review of current diagnostics highlights critical gaps, including limitations in speed and accuracy, underscoring the urgency for advanced methodologies. In this study, LAM's performance is assessed by analyzing spiked urine samples, demonstrating its high sensitivity, specificity, and reliability as an early-stage TB biomarker. By comparing findings with existing diagnostic tools and addressing identified limitations, this study emphasizes LAM's potential to transform TB diagnostic strategies. These results contribute to global efforts to improve early detection, enhance patient outcomes, and pave the way for future advancements in TB diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc ferrite nanoparticles as electrode material for supercapacitors.","authors":"Kousik Pradhan, Umisha Singh, Shobha Shukla, Siddhartha P Duttagupta, Sumit Saxena","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adb3ac","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1361-6528/adb3ac","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the realm of sustainable and renewable nanotechnology, supercapacitors have appeared as the dominant solution for energy conversion and storage. Ferrites have been widely explored in magnetic, electronic and microwave devices, and are now being explored for applications in energy storage devices due to the possibility of achieving fast and reversible surface Faradic reactions. From this perspective, a simple and inexpensive chemical co-precipitation method was used to synthesize ultrasmall ZnFe₂O₄nanoparticles (NPs). As an electrode material the ZnFe₂O₄NPs show a gravimetric capacitance of 186.6 F g^-1at a current density of 1 A g^-1in 1 M H₂SO₄. Furthermore, the ZnFe₂O₄NP-based electrode shows exceptional capacitive retention of 98% over 1000 cycles at a current density of 3 A g^-1. An asymmetric ZnFe₂O₄NP//NiO NP device was fabricated, which achieved a power density of 302.3 W kg^-1at a current density of 1.5 A g^-1and an energy density of 14.85 W h kg^-1. After 1500 cycles, the device demonstrated capacity retention of 99.4% at 1.5 A g^-1in long-term stability testing with 100% efficiency. Our study suggests that ZnFe₂O₄NPs are promising as a material for future energy storage applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-ray analysis of nanowires and nanowire devices: structure, function and synthesis.","authors":"Lert Chayanun, Sandra Benter, Anders Mikkelsen, Rainer Timm, Jesper Wallentin","doi":"10.1088/1361-6528/adb6a9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/adb6a9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>X-ray methods can offer unique insights into the structural and electronic properties of nanomaterials. Recent years have seen a dramatic improvement in both x-ray sources and x-ray optics, providing unprecedented resolution and sensitivity. These developments are particularly useful for nanowires, which are inherently small and give weak signals. This review gives an overview of how different x-ray methods have been used to analyze nanowires, showing the different types of insight that can be gained. The methods that are discussed include x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron emission microscopy, as well as several others. The review is especially focused on high spatial resolution methods used at the single nanowire level, but it also covers ensemble experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19035,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology","volume":"36 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}